surface Features for Oil prospecting

1. Surface Features for Oil
Prospecting
Assigned by: Sir Muhammad Furqan Qureshi
Presented By,
Saleem Ahmed (K14PG)
Dept. of Petroleum and Natural Gas EngineeringMUET SZAB KHAIRPUR CAMPUS

2. Contents
Surface Geological Exploration.
Geophysical Exploration.
Elements Of Petroleum
Classification Method
Active methods
Passive methods
Seismic Survey
Magnetic Survey
Gravity Survey
Introduction to Geo-Physical Exploration and its Methods Dept. of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering MUET SZAB

3. Surface Geological Prospecting
• Observations by trained geologists of rock (where
subsurface layers reach the surface), can identify
lithology and assess the potential for hydrocarbon
source rocks, reservoir-quality rocks and trapping
mechanisms in an area under study. .
• Detailed geologic maps, made from these
observations, show the position and shape of the
geologic features and provide descriptions of the
physical characteristics and fossil content of the strata.
Introduction to Geo-Physical Exploration and its Methods Dept. of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering MUET SZAB

5. Introduction to Geo-Physical Exploration and its Methods Dept. of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering MUET SZAB

7. Elements Of Petroleum Prospecting
Source Rock: when organic rich rock such as oil shale or coal is
subjected to high pressure and temperature over extended
period of time. Hydrocarbon Forms.
 Reservoir: The hydrcocarbons are contained in reservoir rock
commonly porus and permeable (lime stone and sand stone)
Seal: impermeable bareare.

8. Continue
Trape: structural or stratigraphic feature capturing migration of
hc’s.
Timing: geologic events
Maturation: thermal maturing of source rock
Migration: movement of oil & gas.

11. Seismic Exploration
• In early days the only way of locating underground petroleum and gas
deposits was to search for surface evidence for these underground
formations.
• those searching for natural gas deposits were forced to scour the earth,
locating for seepages of oil or gas emitted from underground before they
had only clue that there were deposits beneath the earth.
• however, such a low proportion of petroleum and natural gas deposits
actually seepage to surface, this made for very difficult exploration process.
• The practice of locating natural gas and petroleum deposits has been
transformed dramatically in the last fifteen years with the advent of
extremely advanced, ingenious technology.

13. Magnetic Exploration.
• Magnetic surveys are methods that provide the quickest and
least expensive way to study gross subsurface geology over a
broad area.
• A Magnetometer is a device used to measure local
variations in the strength of the earth’s magnetic field and,
indirectly, the thickness of sedimentary rock layers where oil
and gas might be found.
• Steel and other ferrous metals in the vicinity of a magnetometer
can distort the data.
• Igneous and metamorphic rocks usually contain some amount of
magnetically susceptible iron-bearing minerals and are
frequently found as basement rock that lies beneath
sedimentary rock layers.

14. Magnetic Survey

15. Gravity Exploration .
• The equipment used for measuring the variation of
the earth gravimetric field is the Gravity meter or
Gravimeter.
• Although mechanically simple, a “Gravimeter” can
measure gravity anomalies as small as one billionth
of the earth’s surface gravity.
• Data collected from gravity surveys can be used to
construct contour maps showing large-scale
structures and, like magnetic survey contour maps,
smaller details will not be revealed.
Introduction to Geo-Physical Exploration and its Methods
Dept. of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering MUET SZAB

16. Gravity Exploration Method

17. Any Question
?