This document discusses production planning and control. It begins by defining production planning as determining requirements for men, materials, and equipment to produce goods at the appropriate time and lowest cost. Production control guides and directs production flow to ensure manufacturing according to plans. Production planning and control coordinates all functions from procuring materials to shipping finished goods at a predetermined rate. It integrates all production factors to use them efficiently and economically.

1. Presented by-
Miss.Sakshi Rajendra Sonawane Guided by-Dr.Phatak sir
M.Pharamcy first year
Pharmaceutics deparmetnt

2.  Production planning
 Objective of production planning
 Production control
 Objective of production control
 PPC
 Limitation
 Steps
 Sales forcasting
 Factors affecting
 Methods

3.  Meaning:-
 Production planning involves management decisions on the resources that
will require for its manufacturing operations and the selection of these
resources to produce desired goods at the appropriate time and at the least
possible cost.
 Definition:-
 "The planning of industrial operations involves three considerations, namely,
what work shall be done, how the work shall be done and lastly, when the
work shall be done.
 Production planning is the act of developing a guide for the design and
production of a given product or service.

4.  1. To determine the requirements of men, material and equipment.
 2.Arranging production schedules according to the needs of marketing
demand.
 3. Arranging various inputs at a right time and in right quantity.
 4. Making most economical use of various inputs.
 5. To achieve coordination among various departments relating to production.
 6. To make all arrangements to remove possible obstacles in theway of
smooth production.
 7.To achieve economy in production cost and time.
 8. To operate plant at planned level of efficiency
 .9. Making efforts to achieve production targets in time.
 10.Providing for adequate stocks for meeting contingencies.

5.  Meaning:-
 Production control guides and directs flow of production so that products are
manufactured in a best way are of the right quality.Control facilitates the task
of manufacturing and see that every theme goes as per the plan.

 Definition:-
 “Production control refers to ensuring that all which occurs is in accordance
with the rules established and instructions issued.”

6. 1. To implement production plans by issuing orders to those who are supposed to
implement them.
2. To ensure that various inputs like men, machine, materials etc. Are available in the
required quantity and quality.
3. Making efforts to adhere to the production schedules.
4. To ensure that goods are produced according to the prescribed standards and quality
norms.
5. To undertake the best and most economic production policies.
6. To introduce a proper system of quality control.
7. To ensure rapid turnover of production and minimizing of inventories of raw materials
and finished products.

7.  Meaning:Production planning and control is concerned with
directing production along the lines set by the planning
department.
 Definition:
 "Production planning and control is the co-ordination of
series of functions according to a plan which will
economically utilize the plant facilities and regulate the
orderly movement of goods through the entire
manufacturing cycle from the procurement of all materials
to the shipping of finished goods at a predetermined rate."

8. 1. It is the planning and control of manufacturing process in an enterprise.
2.Questions like-what is to be manufactured? when it is manufactured? etc.
3.All types of inputs like materials, men, machines areefficiently used for
maintaining efficiency of manufacturiprocess.
4. Various factors of production are integrated to use themefficiently and
economically.
5. The manufacturing process is organized in such a way that none of the work
centers is either overworked orunder worked.
6. The work is regulated from the first stage of procuring raw materials to the
stage of finished goods.

10.  Prior planning [Pre-production planning]
 Modules of prior-planning:
1.Product development and design:
2. Forecasting:
3. Aggregate planning:
4. Material requirement planning:

11. Modules of Active planning:
1. Process planning & routing:
2. Material planning:
3. Tool's planning:
4. Loading:
5. Scheduling:

12.  It is determining the exact path or routing which will be followed in
production.
 The stages from which goods are to pass are decided after a proper thought.
 In the case with production routing it is the selection of the path from where
each unit has to pass before reaching the final stage. The path must have the
best and cheapest sequence of operations.

13.  Scheduling is the determining of time and date when each
operation is to be commenced and completed. it includes the
scheduling of materials, machines and all other requisites of
production.
Types of schedules
a. Master scheduling
b. Operation scheduling
c.Detail operation scheduling

14.  Once the route has been established, the work required can be loaded against the
selected machine or workstation.
 The total time required to perform the operation is computed by the unit
operation times × number of parts to be processed.
 This total time is then added to the work already planned for the workstation.
This is the function of loading, and it results in a tabulated list or chart showing
the planned utilization of the machines or workstations in the plant.

15.  The term dispatching refers to the process of actually ordering the work done. It
involves putting the plan into effect by issuing orders.
 It is conc with starting the process and operation on the basis of route sheets and
schedule charts.
 Dispatches put production in effect by releasing and guiding manufactue order in the
sequence previously determined by route sheets and schedule

16.  The manufacturing activity of a plant is said to be "in control" when the actual
performance is within the objectives of the planned performance.
 When jobs are started and completed onschedule, there should be very little, if
any,concern about the meeting of commitments.Optimum operation of the plant,
however, is attained only if the original plan has been carefully prepared to utilize
the manufacturing facilities fully and effectively.

17.  Inspection is also an important function of
control.
 The purpose of inspection is to see whether the
products manufactured are of requisite quality
or not.
 It is carried on at various levels of production
process so that pre-determined standards of
quality are achieved. Inspection is undertaken
both of products and inputs.

18.  Adjusting the route
 Rescheduling of work
 Changing the workloads
 Repairs and Maintenance of machinery or equipment,
 Control over inventories
 Certain personnel decisions like training,
transfer,demotion etc.
 Alternate methods may be suggested to handle peak
loads.#24

19.  Essential tool used for business planning, marketing, and general
management decision making. It helps to achieve business goals,
improve efficiency, increase customer retention & reduces cost.
 Definition :"An estimate of sales in physical units (or monetary
value) for a specified future period under proposed marketing
plan or program and under the assumed set of economic and
other forces outside the organization for which the forecast is
made" by American marketing association.

20. External Factors Internal Factors
Labour problem
Direct & indirect Competition Inventory Shortage
Styles of Fashion Working Capital Shortage
Consumer earning Price Changes
Population changes Change in distribution method
Weather New Product Line
Relative states of economy

21. Qualitative Quantitative
Executive Opinion Method Time series analysis
Delphi method Market test method
Sales force composite method Regression analysis
Survey of buyer’s intention

22. 1)Executive opinion method: Most widely used Method of combining and averaging
views of several executives regarding a specific decision or forecast. Leads to a quicker
(and often more reliable) result without use of elaborate data manipulation and statistical
techniques .
2)Delphi method: It includes a coordinator getting forecasts separately from
experts,summarizing the forecasts giving the summary report to experts who are asked to
make another prediction( Estimation future event through subjective consideration):the
process is repeated till some consensus is. Reached.
3)Sales force composite method(Grassroot approach): Individual salespersons forecast
sales for their territories. Individual forecasts are combined & modified by the sales
manager to form the company sales forecast.
4)Survey of Buyer's intention: Process includes asking customers about their intentions to
buy the company's product and services.
A.QUALITATIVE TECHNIQUES

23.  3) Time series analysis: Make forecasts based purely on historical patterns
in the data. It has four components,... 1. Trend(T) 2.Cyclical fluctuation
3.Seasonal variation. 4.Irregular variation.
 4)Market test method: One time forecast particularly for new products. A
market test provides data about consumers actual purchases and
responsiveness to the various elements of the marketing mix. On the basis of
the response received to a sample market test, product sales forecast is
prepared.
 5)Regression analysis: Identifies a statistical relationship between
sales(dependent vari able) and one or more influencing factors, which are
termed the independent variables.
B.QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES

24. • BENEFITS
 Better control of
Inventory
 Staffing
 Customer Information
 Use for Sales People
 Obtaining Financing.
• LIMITATION
Part hard fact, part
guesswork
Forecast may be wrong
Times may change

25. 1. Operations Management by Russell &Taylor 7th edition: Pages 495-517
2. Production and operation management by Dr.K.C.Arora: Pages393-407
3. Production & operations management, SNCHARY 2nd edition
4. Operations Management by R. Dan Reid &R. Nada. SandersOperations
Management for competitive advantage by Chase - Jacobs Aquilano
10th edition
5. http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/tppc20/current#.VTR8ktKqqkohttp://e
n.wikipedia.org/wiki/Production planning
6. www.slideshare.com.
7. www.wikipediasalesforcasting.com
THANKINGYOU!