BDS [Orthodontics] course

1. Esthetics In Orthodontics
PROF (Dr.) SAIBEL FARISHTA

2. Divine/Golden Proportions
1 : 1.618
This proportion is believed to be the basis of beauty, harmony
and balance
Objects with Divine proportions are said to be attractive,
exhibiting beauty & harmony
Beauty respects certain geometric laws and proportions

3. The head forms a golden rectangle with the eyes at its midpoint.
The mouth and nose are each placed at golden sections of the distance
between the eyes and the bottom of the chin.
The inbuilt structural integrity of the design of the human face unfolds as
you look further

4. The blue line defines a perfect square of the pupils and outside corners of the
mouth. The golden section of these four blue lines defines the nose, the tip of
the nose, the inside of the nostrils, the two rises of the upper lip and the inner
points of the ear. The blue line also defines the distance from the upper lip to
the bottom of the chin.
The yellow line, a golden section of the blue line, defines the width of the nose,
the distance between the eyes and eye brows and the distance from the pupils
to the tip of the nose.
The green line, a golden section of the yellow line defines the width of the eye,
the distance at the pupil from the eye lash to the eye brow and the distance
between the nostrils.
The magenta line, a golden section of the green line, defines the distance from
the upper lip to the bottom of the nose and several dimensions of the eye.

5. Even when viewed from the side, the human head illustrates the Divine
Proportion. The first golden section (blue) from the front of the head defines
the position of the ear opening. The successive golden sections define the neck
(yellow), the back of the eye (green) and the front of the eye and back of the
nose and mouth (magenta).
The dimensions of the face from top to bottom also exhibit the Divine
Proportion, in the positions of the eye brow (blue), nose (yellow) and mouth
(green and magenta).

6. The ear also includes divine proportion principles - its shape reflects the shape
of a Fibonacci spiral.

7. The front two incisor teeth form a golden rectangle, with a phi ratio in the
heighth to the width.
The ratio of the width of the first tooth to the second tooth from the centre is
also phi.
The ratio of the width of the smile to the third tooth from the center is also phi.

8. Visual Esthetic Examination
a) Facial Symmetry
b) Examination of Facial Proportions
c) Examination of Lips
d) Examination of Profile
a) Examination of Symmetry – Almost all individuals exhibit mild symmetry.
Some amount of asymmetry is considered normal.
b) Examination of Facial Proportions – The face is divided into 3 equal
vertical thirds using 4 horizontal planes. These planes are at the level of
the hairline, the supra-orbital ridge, the base of the nose and the lower
border of the chin.
In the vertical plane, the inter-canthal distance is equal to the alar-nasal
base width and the margin is as wide as the distance between the left
and right medial limbs.

9. c) Examination of Lips – Ideally at rest 2 mm of upper incisors should be
exposed and on smiling only a small amount of gingiva is exposed. An
excessive vertical development of the maxilla or a short upper lip leads
to a gummy smile.
d) Examination of Facial Profile – This helps in diagnosing gross deviations
in the maxillo-mandibular relation. Profiles can be straight, convex or
concave.
Cephalometric Examination
Is an important orthodontic diagnostic tool aid. Cephalometric hard tissue
examination is useful in disgnosing skeletal deviations and abnormalities
of the maxillo-mandibular relations, both of which can affect esthetics.
Various soft and hard tissue cephalometric analysis are available.

10. THANK YOU