Computer Science 9618

1. Chapter 7- Ethics and ownership

2. Ethical Behaviour
 Legal
 Morality
 Culture
 Ethics

3. Ethics
 Ethics are standards of moral conduct
 Standards of right and wrong behavior
 A gauge of personal integrity
 The basis of trust and cooperation in
relationships with others.

4. Computer Ethics
 These are a set of principles set out to regulate
the use of computers and are:
 Intellectual property rights
 Privacy
 Effect of computers on society

5. Professional ethical bodies
 BCS- The British Computer Society
 IEEE- The Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers

6. BCS
 Set up in the UK to initially represent the rights and
ethical practises of all professionals working in the IT
industry.
 Now it is an international body which works with other
groups to closely monitor and advice IT practises
across the globe.

7. BCS
 It’s code of conduct is:
 The Public Interest
 Professional Competence and Integrity
 Duty to Relevant Authority
 Duty to the Profession

8. IEEE
 Set up to:
 Raise awareness of ethical issues
 Promoting ethical behaviour in the electronics
industry
 Ensuring everyone respects the need for ethical
behaviour
 Duty to the Profession

9. IEEE
 With the help of the ACM
(Association for Computing
Memory, it set up eight
principles for the code of
ethics and professional
practice.

18. Impact on the general public
 While software and hardware being regularly
developed for the public is a good thing, certain rules
need to be considered and are:

19. Copyright
 This is just the formal recognition of ownership of a
created and published work.

20. Copyright
 This usually applies to:
 Written work
 Musical compositions
 Films
 Art works
 Computer programs etc….

21. Copyright
 This usually helps the copyright owner on how his/her
work could be used.
Ex: A certain piece of code could be taken
without permission but aren’t allowed to change it in any
way.
 Also makes sure it isn’t being pirated, meaning that
illegal copies of the work aren’t being made or
practised.

22. Software licensing
 Commercial software- These are software's that are
available for customers for a small fee or completely
free for the earlier versions of the software. This
can be of two types and are:
 Shareware- Software that is given for a short
period of time and free of charge initially.
 Freeware- Software that is free of charge with no
time limit.

23. Software licensing
 Open licensing- These are software that are
provided with the source code. For open licensing,
there are two major initiatives and are:
 Open Source Initiative- This makes the open
source software available and completely free of
charge and the user is free to use it, modify it ,
copy it or even distribute it.

24. Software licensing
 Free Software Foundation- This works on the same
basis as the Open Source Initiative. Here the free
software is still open source but if the software
source code is modified in any way, the modified
version must be made available to others to use as
well. This is called ‘copyleft’.

25. Artificial Intelligence (AI)
 This is usually defined as a machine which carries
out tasks that require some level of intelligence
when a human does the same thing. These tasks
usually are:
 The use of a language
 Carrying out mathematical functions or calculations
 Recognizing someone
 The ability to use other pieces of machinery
 Analysing data and coming to a proper conclusion

26. AI
 It’s impacts usually are:
 Production becomes much faster and efficient
 Will also help people pursue their hobbies and have
a better lifestyle since repetitive and mundane
tasks could be carried out by the AI itself
 AI could help us solve our environmental problems
and ensure that they are fixed before they become
disastrous
 Loss of jobs will be significant on a global scale
 Will tend to be very expensive