solar cell and fuel cell

1. Branch : Mechanical
DIV. : J - 1
Prepared by :- Sahil Patel
Guided by :- Proff. Sanket sir
Gandhinagar Institute
Of Technology(012)
Active learning assignment
Subject : Physics (2110011)
Topic : Solar cell and Fuel cell

2. CONTENTS
Solar cell.
Principle .
Materials used in solar cells.
Fuel cell.
Materials used in fuel cells.

3. SOLAR CELL
Solar cell is a device that
converts solar energy directly into
electric energy.
Silicon crystals are laminated
into n-type and p-type layers,
stacked on top of each other.
Usually it is in arrays to get
maximum output.
It supplies a voltage and a
current to a resistive load (light,
battery, motor).

4. PRINCIPLE:-
Solar cell operates on
principle of photovoltaic
action.
The photovoltaic effect is the
creation of voltage or electric
current in a material upon
exposure to light and is a
physical and chemical
phenomenon.
Solar cell works when sunlight
shines on it, the energy it
carries blasts electrons out of
the silicon. These can be forced
to flow around an electric
circuit and power anything that

5. MATERIALS USED IN SOLAR CELL
Efficiency of solar cell depends
upon type of material used in
solar cell. Highest research work
is being done to increase
efficiency of solar cell.
Materials are used in solar cell to
convert wavelengths of solar light
into potential difference
efficiently.
Materials used currently for
photovoltaic solar cells include
crystalline silicon as bulk material
and thin films of cadmium
telluride, copper indium gallium,
gallium arsenide etc.
SOME EXAMPLES OF SOLAR CELL:-
•Cadmium telluride solar cell.
•Copper indium gallium selenide solar
cell.
•Gallium arsenide multi junction solar
cell.
•Organic solar cell.
•Indium gallium nitride solar cell.
•Quantum dot solar cell.

6. FUEL CELLS
Fuel cells are electrochemical devices which convert energy of
chemical reaction directly into electricity with heat as a by product.
Principle of fuel cell is similar to the principle of primary batteries
except that the fuel and oxident are stored externally. And also
continuous supply of fuel and oxident has to be ensure.
Every fuel cell consists of anode, a cathode, an electrolyte and a
catalyst which speeds the reactions at the electrodes. Hydrogen is
most common fuel. Bt fuel cell also requires oxygen.
The net result of two reactions is that, when fuel is consumed,
water is formed and an electric current is produced which can be
used to power electrical devices, normally referred as load.

7. FUEL CELL.

8. FUEL CELL MATERIALS
In most fuel cells, hydrogen is used as the negative electrode
either in pure from or impure hydrogen is taken as obtained from
hydrocarbon fuel, such as natural gas or substitute natural
gas(methane), liquefied petroleum gas (propane and butane) or
liquid petroleum products.
To speed up the reaction, a catalyst is included in the electrodes.
The best catalysts are finely divided platinum or other platinum-
like metal deposited on or incorporated with porous electrode
material.

9. FUEL CELL MATERIALS.
Hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) is commonly used as an oxidizer in
rocket propulsion and air independent power systems.
In H2O2 fuel cells , nickel and silver are used as catalyst for
hydrogen and oxygen, respectively.
When used to produce energy, H2O2 creates only pure water and
oxygen as a by-product, so it is considered as clean energy, like
hydrogen.
However unlike hydrogen, H2O2 exists in liquid form as room
temperature, so it can be easily stored and transported.

10. THANK YOU