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1. FIRE SAFETY SYSTEM AMC
MUMBAI

2. Energy Oxygen
WHAT IS FIRE?
CHEMISTRY OF FIRE :
Fire is a Chemical reaction between combustible material, oxygen and heat.
Fuel + Energy + Oxygen = Fire
Fuel

3. • Once the fire has began the heat produced
by the reaction is often sufficient to
support or even accelerate the process so
that the combustible substance over a
widening area are heated an eventually
ignited. In this way a fire which begins as
a small area of combustion for a e.g. the
corner of a Carpet ignited by a Cigarette
bud which can spread until it engulfs the
entire building.

4. • CONVECTION CURRENT :
• Once there is a fire the air in the vicinity of the
fire becomes less dense than the surrounding
atmosphere and moves upwards to form
convection currents. The rising air is very hot and
quickly heats all the materials in its path, while at
the same time radiated heat from the flames may
be of sufficient radiated heat form the flames may
be of sufficient intensity to raise the temperature
of the nearby combustible materials to their
ignition points.
• Fire may also spread by conduction. Steel though
is a non – combustible item, when heated by a fire
to a particular temperature, may ignite some
other combustible material.

5. CLASSES OF FIRE
• CLASS – A : Fires involving material like Wood,
Paper, Cloth, Carpet etc.
• CLASS - B : Fires involving inflammable liquids
like Petrol, Kerosene, and Diesel etc
• CLASS - C : Fires involving Domestic and
Industrial Gases like Butane, Propane etc.
• CLASS - D : Fires involving Chemicals and
Metals.
• ELECTRICAL FIRES : Electrically started
fires which occur due to short circuits, overloads
etc, and lead to other classes of fire by sparks
falling on burning materials.

6. STAGES OF FIRE :
• Fire have three stages :
INITIAL STAGE
CRITICAL STAGE
BLAZE STAGE

7. CLASS A CLASS B CLASS C CLASS D CLASS E
Water Co2 DCP DCP Monex DCP
Mech. foam
Co2
Mech. Foam
Co2
Specified chemicals
for different
chemicals
Co2
ABC ABC ABC ABC ABC
Clean agent Clean agent Clean agent Clean agent Clean agent
DIFFERENT TYPES OF FIRE
EXTINGUISHERS :

8. Initial Stage Critical Stage Blaze Stage
Class A 0-3 mins 3-10 mins 10 mins+
Class B 0-30 secs 30 secs-1 mins 1 mins+
Class C 0 secs 0-30 secs 30 secs+
Class E Time Cannot be
estimated as it
depends on the
thickness of the
fuse wire, condition
of the wire and it’s
load taking capacity
leads to a fire in
another class-
generally” Class A”
STAGES & TIME OF FIRE :

9. • ESCAPE PROCEDURE
• Pre – arranged plan
• Everyone to be familiar with normal and
alternative escape
• Speedy evacuation
• Assembly for roll call
• Departmental managers and deputies
responsible for ensuring their
departments are completely evacuated
and for calling rolls.

10. OFFICE CAUSES AND
PREVENTION

11. CAUSE PREVENTION
1. Use of substanded wiring and fittings,
defective installation and over loading of
circuits can cause frequent breakdowns and
fires.
Always use ISI Marked wiring and fittings
though more expensive they can give
longer trouble free service
2. One should avoid overloading of the
wiring system.
Do not put too many plugs in one socket.
Avoid making temporary connections.
Avoid use of flexible wires. Wires should
be run under carpets, mats or taken
through doors were they are likely to be
crushed.
3. Engaging casual workers/Untrained
Electricians For doing sporadic repairing
for emergencies. Extention of wiring
systems to accommodate and increase in
growing business demand.
One should get the electrical installation
checked by licensed, certified contractor.
Check the wiring, points and switches at
least once in 3 years.
4. Keeping bare bulbs near any
inflammable materials.
Have a covering like a shade to avoid any
direct contact with any inflammable
material. Have them installed in safe
distance.
5. Using thicker fuse wire Use the right size of fuse wire. Allow only a
trained electrician to attend the repairs. A
fuse blow is a sign of major defect in the
electrical systems or equipments. Repair it
before putting a fuse wire.

12. 6. Leaving main fuse on to run equipment
like fax and email. This also ensures
electrical supply to other equipments.
Have separate fuse for equipments which
need 24 hrs electrical supply such as fax
etc. ensure that before leaving the office
all electrical supply sources is put off.
7. Use of fire friendly inflammable items
like carpets, wooden materials etc
Ensure all electrical equipments are
earthen.
8. Smoking in the office Don’t allow smoking in the office; provide
a smoking sworn in the office.
9. Use of heaters and hot plates Ensure that no inflammable items near
equipments.
10. Storing of inflammable items in the
office.
Do not store any high inflammable items in
the office
11. Overloading or overheating electrical
equipments like air-conditioner, hot plate,
electrical transformer, water pumps is
normal.
In fact, it is a accepted sign, of a
growing/thriving business.
It is necessary to understand at regular
intervals what is the capacity and actual
utilization. Regular maintenance and check
will ensure non breakdown/no crisis
situation of the present equipment.

13. • COMPLETE FIRE PROTECTION :
• Prevention of Fire
• Early warning
• Fire Fighting
• Escape From the Fire
• After Fire

14. • EARLY WARNINGS :
• Smoke Detectors
• Alarm Systems
• Panel Systems
• FIRE FIGHTING :
• Fire Extinguishers
• Hydrant Systems
• Sprinkler Systems
• Fire Brigade
• ESCAPE SYSTEMS
• Escape Hoods
• Escape Signage
• Fire Blankets
• AFTER FIRE
• Insurance
• Fire Proof Box

15. • FIRE DOES HAPPEN !!
• Causes Resulting in Insurance Claims
• Fire accident 80%
• Explosion 10%
• Arson 8.29%
• Lighting 0.29%
• Miscellaneous 1.42%
• Factors Which contribute to fire losses are :-
• Fire protection was found to be inadequate 59%
• Fire was detected late 25.9%
• Fire Brigade reached late 15.1%
• There is one major loss due to fire every 3rd day
• In last nine years for all major fires, insurance
companies have paid Rs.796 crores, at an average of
88.45 Crores a year

16. • DON’T ABUSE ELECTRICITY :
• Never plug in more than one appliance in one
socket.
• Check sockets and plugs for loose connections.
• Always switch off appliances after the use and
remove the plug.
• Get faulty wires, fuses, appliances, plugs and sockets
replaced immediately.
• Wires should not trail over wet or hot surfaces.

17. • OFFICE EMERGENCY PREPARDNESS
SELF- AUDIT CHECKLIST
• Instructions : Every Office should
complete this checklist covering
essential emergency preparedness
elements. The required steps
include: (1) reviewing each question
and marking the checklist with the
appropriate answer (“yes” or “no”);
and (2) taking action to correct any
deficiencies identified.

18. • RESPONSIBILITY
• Allocated in advanced to avoid delay and
doubt.
• Designated person(if absent, a deputy)
• Responsible in each section for taking charge at
scene of fire.

19. Evacuation of disabled persons:
Special steps should be taken to pan for evacuating
disabled persons. Appoint a person and a backup to
assist there person in the event of an emergency.
Drills
1.Has the organization representative conducted fire/
emergency drill at least once every 12 months addressing
all of the following :
 What the fire alarm/ evacuation signal sound like?
 What to do if a person sees or smells a fire?
 Where the emergency exits and evacuation routes are
located?
 Where personnel should assemble in the event of a
fire/ emergency?
Not to use the elevators in the event of a fire?
2. Has the representative documented the date of the last
drill and the items discussed the drill and created a
system to maintain those records for at least 3 years

20. First Aid
Every office should have at least one basic first aid kit on every
floor containing bandages, antiseptic ointment and other basic
first aid supplies. Kits can usually be purchased from
pharmacies. . First aid kits should be checked on a monthaly
basis to see if the supplies are running low or have become out-
dated and replenished as necessary.
1. Has a first aid kit been provided for each floor of the office
(but without prescription medications) and are its contents
checked at least monthaly replenish as necessary?
Labeling
All doors that might appear to be exits, but which are not
should be labeled as such to prevent persons from attempting to
use them as exists in an emergency.
Are all doors in the office which are not exits, but which could
be mistaken for exits labeled with a sign that states “not an exit”
or the use of the space behind the door(e.g.”broom closet”)?

21. Fire Safety-Equipment
All offices should have fire fighting equipment (such
as portable fire extinguishers) within 75 feet if every
worker. The equipment should be marked and clearly
visible.
All offices should have some kind of fire alarm and
smoke detector. If your office does not have these
items, at a minimum, battery powered units (like those
used in residences) should be installed, and the
absence should reported to your landloard.
1. Is fire fighting equipment (e.g fire extinguishers/
hoses) available, clearly marked and clearly visible
within at least 75 feet of every worker?
2. Are fire alarms and smoke detectors installed at the
office?
3. If battery powered fire alarms and/or smoke
detectors are installed at the office, have the
batteries been replaced in the past

22. Fire safety – Potential Causes
Electrical problems are a major cause of office fires.care
should be taken to avoid use of damaged electrical
equipment and use of extension cords on a permanent
basis. When in doubt, always consult a competent
electrician or building services engineer.
1. Are those any loose, worn, frayed or damaged
electrical cords, switches or connections that are
visible in office?
2. Are any extension cords being used in the office for
other than temporary purposes?
3. Are any electrical parts exposed to water, other
liquids or moisture?
4. Are all power supply cords routed so that they are not
likely to be walked on or pinched by items placed on
or against them?
5. Are any flammable liquids stored within the office
area?

23. Periodic “walk-around” Review
The organization representative should conduct a “walk around” review on at least a
monthly basis- and document the result in a log – to ensure that critical emergency
preparedness elements remain in place.
1. Does a representative conduct a “walk-around” review on at least a
monthly basis to ensure that emergency preparedness element are in place ?
2.Does the walk-around cover all of the following :
 Whether all paths to exits (e.g. hallways) are clear of obstacles and debris?
 Whether all exits paths (e.g. fire stairs) are clear of obstacles and debris?
 Whether all exit doors can be opened easily?
 Whether all exit paths lead to an unblocked area where persons can get
far away from the building in the event of an emergency?
 Whether all paths to exit, exit paths and exit doors marked with signs and
those signs are readily visible (and if lighted, not lighted)?
3. Are the results of the walk around review documented and maintained in
lo log ?

24. Drills
3. Have a fire warden and an assistant fire warden been appointed for
each floor of the office and informed that their duties are to assist in
implementing the action items identified in this self-audit checklist
and to take reasonable steps to ensure that all persons on the floor are
evacuated in the event of an emergency, including taking roll call in
the evacuation area ?
4. At the time of the drill, has an organization representative inspected all
of the fire extinguishers in the office and checked any inspection tags or
dating instructions to see if the extinguishers need to e inspired or
recharged ?
5. were steps taken to ensure that all fire extinguishers were
inspected/replaced/recharged as necessary (including, if necessary,
hiring a reputable consultant to inspect or maintain the
Extinguishers) ?

25. Drills
A comprehensive fire/emergency drill should be conducted at
least annually, with documentation prepared to verify the date
of the drill and the items covered. In areas that are prone to
natural disasters such as typhoons or earthquakes, it is also
advisable to ensure that person know what to do during such
emergencies.
Fire wardens and assistant fire
Wardens should be appointed to help co-ordinate emergency
preparedness activities and to help evacuate/conduct roll calls in
the event of an emergency?
Use the fire drills as an opportunity to ensure that fire
extinguishers are sufficiently charged. They usually have
expiration dates and/ or tags identifying when they were last
inspected. These should be reviewed at the time of drill, and if
there is uncertainty, professional assistance should be sought
from a consultant or the fire department