The document summarizes information about ancient Egyptian temples. It explains that temples were considered homes for gods and were constructed by pharaohs as monuments. The Temple of Horus in Edfu is then described in detail, including its construction history over 180 years under various Ptolemaic rulers, its layout consisting of a pylon, courtyard, halls, and sanctuary, and the materials used like granite, limestone, and basalt. The temple's purpose was to inscribe Ptolemaic power on the Egyptian landscape and allow worship of the falcon-headed god Horus.

1. Presented to:
Mam Sana
ASSIGNMENT-1

2. PRESENTED BY:
Muhammad Talha Islam (15-13)
Sadaf Zamir (15-16)
Saddam Hussain (15-17)
Sannan Khan (15-20)
Ayesha Amjad (15-35)
DATE: 07-12-2015

3. INTRODUCTION TO ANCIENT EGYPTIAN TEMPLES
Egyptians considered temples as homes of God
and Goddesses who were worshiped by the
temple priests and Pharaohs. The temple was
constructed as the remembrance of the
Pharaohs and the Land. The care of the temple
and the source of construction’s donation was
the responsibility of pharaohs. They were
constructed in areas where there was no
population. Every city had a temple which was
connected with it.

4. They constructed temples to worship their God.
Egyptians believed that if they were afraid of
anything they must treat it as their God so that it
may not cause any harm to them.
Why they constructed Temples..?

6. The falcon-headed Horus was originally the sky god, whose eyes were the
sun and moon.

7. BASIC INTRODUCTION
Completed in 180 years.
2nd largest Temple .
Well Preserved temple with bas relief sculptures,
granite shrine and Horus statue.
One of the nation's most popular tourist
destinations
.
Edfu was known as "Apollopolis Magna" because
the Greeks identified Horus with their God
Apollo. It is commonly known as “The temple of
Horus”

8. LOCATION AND CLIMATE
The town of Edfu is located on the
west back of the Nile River.
115 km south of Luxor and 105 km
north of Aswan.
Its temperature is classified as hot
desert.

9. HISTORY
 It was discovered in 1799
A.D when the French
expedition Augestus
Mariatte visited Edfu.
 This temple was buried
for centuries under the
desert sand.

10. ARCHITECT
IMHOTOP
STATUE OF IMHOTOP

11. CONSTRUCTION
237 B.C.
57 B.C.
Ptolemy III
Ptolemy XII
STARTED
COMPLETED

12. PHASES OF CONSTRUCTION
It was built step by step in
three phases.
Ph. 1 (237BC to 212BC )
Ph. 2 (142BC to 124BC )
Ph. 3 (124BC to 57BC )

13. PHASE -1
Ptolemy III Euergels-I
Ptolemy IV Philopator
Philopator

14. PHASE -2
Ptolemy VIII

15. PHASE -3
Ptolemy XII

17. PLAN

19. SIDE ELEVATION

20. HEIGHT OF STATUE
The height of statue of Falcon
Horus headed is 60cm.

21. PYLON
THE GRAND TEMPLE ENTRANCE WAY

22. COURTYARD

23. LIBRARY

24. HYPOSTYLE HALL

25. INNER HALL

26. BARQUE

27. SANCTURY

28. STORE ROOMS

29. AMBULATORY

30. BOUNDARY WALL

31. NILOMETER

32. TWO TYPES OF COLUMNS USED IN
COURTYARD AND HALL.
Papyrus CapPalm Cap

33. CARVINGS

34. EGYPTIAN LANGUAGE AND HIEROGLYPHICS
( WALLS , COLUMNS AND BEAM)

35. SHOWN THE SCENE OF BATTLE ON PYLON

36. The walls are covered with the martial achievements
of the Ptolemaic Kings.

37. STRUCTURE
Walls  Compression
Column  Compression
Beam  Bending

38. ENVIRONMENT OF TEMPLE
According to light and dark.
Inner Part of Temple is so Dark only lights
come from opening and between the
columns.
Some rooms are completely dark.
The sanctuary receives illumination only
from the axis.

39. MATERIALS
PINK
GRANITE
INNER WALL
LIMESTON
E
OUTER WALL
BASALT-
ALABASTE
R
FLOOR
STONE
COLUMN

40. MATERIALS
FALCON HOROUS
STONE
STATUE OF HORUS
WOOD

41. FOR VISITORS

42. PASSAGE FOR VISITORS
( ADDED IN 2006 )

43. VISITOR’S CENTER AND PAVED PARKING LOT
(ADDED IN 2005)

44. ADDITION OF LIGHTINGS FOR NIGHT VIEWERS

45. TOP ATTRACTION AND PURPOSES
It’s purpose was to inscribe Ptolemaic
power and patronage on the land-scape
of upper Egypt

46. PYLON
The purpose of pylon was to
show people that they are
standing in front of God as
these pylon are standing
straight.
There is also the entrance of
the temple.

47. HYPOSTYLE HALL
It is Also Called Mound of
Creation, where life began.
It was used for festivals
annually.
No restriction for laymen to
go there.

48. SANCTUARY
Holiest Place in the
temple.
No entry for lay men only
Pharaohs were allowed to
go there.

49. STORE ROOMS
Store for all the minerals
,agriculture , cattle ,
ownership of land, production
salts and honey of that city.
For this purpose thousands of
peoples were involved.

50. EFFECTS
Romans' rule over Egypt officially began with the arrival of Augustus
who claimed himself to be the successor of Pharaohs. The conquest of
Egypt and its incorporation into the Roman Empire inaugurated a new
fascination with its ancient culture. As a result the buried temples and
architectural sites were excavated.
In the revolution of 19th century people reabsorbed the history of Egypt.
That is the reason now days, thousands of visitors come to see the
legacy of Egypt.

51. History of Architecture by Fletchers
Page # 56
Page # 52
Ancient Egypt by John Baines Jaromir Malak
Page # 39
Land & Lives of the Pharohs Revealed
Page # 413
https://www.google.com.pk/webhp?sourceid=chrome-
instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=egypt%20temple%5C
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_temple