characteristics and Structure of Genes Chromosomes- Sex determination

1. GENETICS
UNIT – I
INTRODUCTION
Topic: characteristics and Structure of Genes
Chromosomes- Sex determination
Mrs. Soumya. M
Lecturer in Nursing
CON-SRIPMS,CBE.

3. Genes
• Genes are functional units of heredity as they are made of DNA.
The chromosome is made of DNA containing many genes.
• Every gene comprises of the particular set of instructions for a
particular function or protein-coding. Speaking in usual terms,
genes are responsible for heredity.

4. Characteristics of Genes:
• Genes are the functional unit of heredity, variation, mutation
and evolution.
• They are situated in chromosomes.
• They are arranged in a single linear order in a chromosome as
beads on a string.

6. BASIC FUNCTIONS OF GENES
Genotype Function
Phenotype function
Evolutionary function

7. • Functions of Genes
1.Genes control the functions of DNA and RNA.
2.Proteins are the most important materials in the human body which not only help
by being the building blocks for muscles, connecting tissue and skin but also
takes care of the production of the enzyme.
3.These enzymes play an important role in conducting various chemical processes
and reactions within the body. Therefore, protein synthesis is responsible for all
activities carried on by the body and are mainly controlled by the genes.
4.Genes consist of a particular set of instructions or specific functions. For
example, the globin gene was instructed to produce haemoglobin. Haemoglobin
is a protein that helps to carry oxygen in the blood.

10. CHROMOSOMES
• Thread like structure strands composed of DNA
• To pass genetic traits from one generation to the next,
chromosome must be copied and then copies must be
divided up.

11. STRUCTURE OF CHROMOSOME

18. SEX DETERMINATION