This document discusses biomaterials and their application in controlled drug delivery systems. It begins by defining biomaterials as materials used for medical applications that can have benign or bioactive functions. Common examples are given. The document then discusses how biomaterials are used in various medical fields like cardiovascular devices, orthopedics, ophthalmology, drug delivery systems and more. It explores the safety of biomaterials and regulatory guidelines. The document outlines future prospects for biomaterials including uses in skin regeneration, gold nanoparticles, and ceramic nanoparticles. Applications in diseases and as drug delivery systems are summarized.

1. APPLICATION & SCOPE OF
BIOMATERIAL IN CONTROLLED
DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
PRESENTED BY:
STEFFI THOMAS
M.PHARM (PHARMACEUTICS),
1ST SEM
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY,
BARKATULLAH UNIVERSITY

2. CONTENTS
 WHAT ARE BIOMATERIALS
 APPLICATION IN PHARMACY
 SAFETY OF BIOMATERIALS
 BIOMATERIAL USED AS AN ADJUVANT IN
DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
 BIOMATERIAL AS ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL
AGENT
 SOURCES OF BIOMATERIALS
 REGULATORY GUIDELINES FOR
BIOMATERIALS
 FUTURE PROSPECTS OF BIOMATERIALS
 APPLICATIONS IN DISEASES
 APPLICATIONS AS DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

3. WHAT ARE BIOMATERIALS?
 Biomaterial is essentially a material that is
used and adopted for a medical application.
Biomaterials can have a benign function such
as being used for a heart valve, or may be
bioactive; used for more interactive purpose
such as hydroxy-apatite coated hip implants.
Biomaterials are also used everyday in dental
application, surgery and drug delivery.
 Eg. Intra ocular lens, substitute heart valves,
artificial hip joints

4. APPLICATION IN PHARMACY
 Cardiovascular medical devices(stents, grafts
and etc.)
 Orthopaedic and Dental applications(implant,
tissue engineered scaffolds and etc.)
 Ophthalmology applications(contact lens,
retinal prosthesis and etc.)
 Bioelectrodes and Biosensors
 Burns Dressings and Skin substitutes
 Sutures
 Drug Delivery Systems

5. SAFETY OF BIOMATERIALS
 Biomaterials are non-viable materials that can
be implanted to replace or repair missing
tissue. They may be of natural origin or
synthesized in a lab.
 When used in a medical application,
biomaterials can be implanted to replace or
repair missing tissue.
 Biomaterials, such as bone substitutes and
collagen membranes, are used regularly in
regenerative dentistry as well as for bone and
cartilage regeneration in Orthopedics

6. All Geistlich Biomaterials are derived from
natural bovine or porcine material and have
been developed to promote new bone or soft
tissue formation. Due to their similarity to
human tissue these material are optimally
suited to promote new bone formation and soft
tissue healing in the human body. They are
integrated into the tissue in the course of
healing process,or are broken down gradually
by the body’s metabolic process.

7. BIOMATERIALS USED AS AN
ADJUVANT IN DRUG DELIVERY
SYSTEMS
 ‘Drug delivery’ involves the design and
development of intelligent cargo carrier systems
that can deliver their cargo (pharmaceutical/
biological agent) to specific parts
(organs/tissues/cells) in the human body on
demand with control on the rate of delivery.
 Cargo-small molecules,DNA,RNA,Protein/peptide
 Vehicle/Carrier-Polymeric,Lipid,Inorganic

9.  Controlled Drug Release in Colon
-For treatment of colon diseases such as
inflammatory bowel disease, amoebic dysentery,
Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.
-To delay drug absorption after oral intake of the
drug.
-Protect drugs from harsh acidic environment
 Targeted Drug delivery
-In Cancer a need for drug targeting is done so
as to reduce side effects when drugs are
selectively targeted to tumor tissue rather than
administered systemically.

10. -Targeting Drugs to Endothelial Cells as these
cells play a crucial role in tumor development.
Tumor survival is highly dependent on blood
vessels which are comprised of endothelial
cells.

11. ACTIVE
PHARMACEUTICAL
AGENT Biomaterials also refer to biologically-derived
materials used for their structural rather than
biological properties, for example, collagen (a
protein found in the skin, connective tissues
and bone) as a cosmetic ingredient.
 Also carbohydrates(biotechnologically
modified) are being used as lubricants for
biomedical applications and as bulking agents
in pharmaceutical dosage form.
 Micro-organisms have proven to be an
excellent source of natural products including
polyketides and peptide antibiotics as well as
classes of other biological active compounds.

12.  Plants produce a variety of different types of
compounds including biologically active
proteins. Some of these types of compounds
are even shared with other organisms, and
they include such chemical families as lactines,
defensins, cyclotides and ribosome inactive
proteins. Ribosome inactive proteins are a
group of proteins exhibiting a wide spectrum of
biological activities, including a ribonucleolytic
activity for which the group is named. Thionins
are small proteins that selectively form disulfide
bridges with other proteins or form ion
channels in membrane. This ability to make
membrane more permeable suggests the

13. SOURCES OF BIOMATERIALS
 Biomaterials can be divided into 4 major
classes of materials, namely:
1. Polymers
2. Metals
3. Ceramics(including carbon, glass-ceramics,
and glasses)
4. Natural materials( those from both plants and
animals, algae, microorganisms)

14. REGULATORY GUIDELINES FOR
BIOMATERIALS
 Regulatory experts should be involved in basic
research activities undertaken by consortia so as
to raise awareness of the research decision
implications in terms of regulatory path.
 Regulation should not be looked in isolation but as
a factor contributing to the acceptability of the
products containing smart biomaterials by the
health care system.
 The requirements for evidence of safety and
efficacy don’t only come from regulators but also
from the end users and payers.

15.  CENTER FOR DEVICES AND
RADIOLOGICAL HEALTH(CDRH) ‘promotes’
and ‘protects’ the health of the public by
ensuring the safety and effectiveness of
medical devices and the safety of radiological
products.
 CDRH regulate devices, not materials and
medical procedures

16. FUTURE PROSPECTS OF
BIOMATERIALS
 SKIN TISSUE REGENERATION:In the field of
regenerative skin tissue engineering has had
several advancements to facilitate faster
wound healing and thereby restoration of skin.
Skin tissue regeneration is mainly based on the
use of suitable scaffold matrices. There are
several scaffold types, such as porous, fibrous,
microsphere, hydrogel, composite and acellular
etc.

17.  GOLD NANOPARTICLES: These are
spherical particles,nanorods,nanoshells and
nanocages. Gold nanoparticles due to their
enhanced and tunable optical properties have
been used for drug delivery, photothermal
therapy, cell tracking and sensing applications.
This can be thus used for tumor diagnostic
and treatment applications.
 CERAMIC NANOPARTICLES: Ceramic
nanoparticles which include alumina, zirconia,
hydroxyapatite tricalcium phosphate and silicon
nitride can be used for dental implants, hip
replacements and tissue engineering scaffolds.

18. APPLICATIONS IN DISEASES
 EYE DISEASES: for the treatment of scleratis
(sclera), glaucoma (retina), choroidal
melanoma (choroid), diabetic retinopathy
(retina), blindness, low vision by crossing
tissue barriers.
eg.contact lenses(poly(methyl methacrylate),
silicone hydrogels) ,glaucoma(silicone
impregnated with barium), vitreous
replacements(silicone oil)

19.  CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES: Heart
valves, endovascular stents, vascular grafts,
stent grafts are common medical devices.
Different polymers and metals with or without
coating can be applied such as titanium,
polytetrafluoroethylene etc.
 BIOSENSORS AND BIOELECTRODES:
Bioelectrodes are sensors used to transmit
information into or out of the body. Surface or
transcutaneous electrodes used to monitor or
measure electrical events that occur in the
body are considered monitoring or recording
electrodes. Applications for recording
electrodes include electrocardiography,

20. Biosensor is a sensor that uses biological
molecules, tissues, organisms or principles to
measure chemical or biochemical
concentrations. Biomedical sensors can be
used to detect parameters: blood pressure or
temperature(physical parameters), blood
glucose.
 DENTAL MATERIALS: Restorative materials
have been used as tooth crowns and root
replacements. Four group of materials used in
dentistry are metals, ceramics, polymers and
composites. Dental materials are classified into
two categories:-preventive materials,
restoration materials.

21. APPLICATIONS AS DRUG
DELIVERY SYSTEMS
 Drug delivery systems introduced as
formulations or instruments which enable to
control he release rate of a biological agent(a
drug) in the target site. By increasing the size
the dosage in single dose administration, side
effects would appear so in order to reduce
them coatings with varying thickness, are
applied. Such formulations are termed as
“sustained release” or “prolonged release”
products.

22.  Macroscale DDS(“zero order” constant
delivery rate DDS).
-implants(e.g. Subcutaneous or intramuscular)
-inserts(e.g. vaginal,ophthalmic)
-topical DDS(e.g. skin patches)
 Nanoscale DDS(targeted DDS)
-injected nanocarrier DDS(e.g. PEGylated drugs,
polymer-drug conjugates, PEGylated
liposomes, PEGylated polymeric micelles)
 Macroscale and microscale DDS(site-specific,
sustained delivery rate DDS)
-Surface-coated DDS(e.g. oral tablets, catheters,
drug- eluting stents)

23. REFERENCES
 Lemons JE, Ratner BD, Hoffman AS, Schoen
FJ (2013) Biomaterials science an introduction
to materials in medicine, 3rd edn. Elsevier Ltd,
Amsterdam.
 Anusavice KJ(2003) Phillips’ science of dental
materials. Elsevier health sciences.
 www.cse.iitk.ac.in /-manindra / Website /...
/MFT-08-Dhirendra Katti.ppt.pdf
 Stikeman A.;Nano Biomaterials. Technology
Review November 2002

24. THANKS