The slit lamp biomicroscope allows high-powered examination of the eye. It has a binocular stereoscopic view, flexible illumination, and magnification. The slit lamp was invented in 1911 and has since been improved, with modern versions from Zeiss and Haag-Streit. It consists of mechanical, illumination, and observation systems. Different illumination types and filters help examine various ocular structures. Applications include tonometry, gonioscopy, and fundus exams.

1. SLIT LAMP
BIOMICROSCOPY
Dr Saurabh Kushwaha
Resident Ophthalmology

2. SCOPE
 Introduction
 History
 Types of slit lamp
 Parts of slit lamp
 Types of illuminations
 Application

3. INTRODUCTION
The Slit lamp biomicroscope is a high
power binocular microscope with a slit shaped
illumination source, specially designed for
viewing the different optically transparent or
translucent tissues of the eye
 Excellent image quality
 Binocular stereoscopic view
 Flexible illumination
 Flexible magnification
 Specialized accessory devices

4.  The science of examination with a slit
lamp is called Biomicroscopy as it allows in
vivo study of living tissues at high
magnification

5. HISTORY
 1911, invented by Allvar
Gullstrand, named as “Large
reflection-free ophthalmoscope”
manufactured by Zeiss
 1950, Littmann with Ziess
combined joystick, illumination
path, prism instrument and
stereo telescope system with
magnification changer
 Onward modern slit-lamp
system began to come into light

6. TYPES OF SLIT LAMP
 Zeiss type  Haag-streit type

7. PARTS OF SLIT LAMP
 Mechanical system
 Illumination system
 Observational system

8. MECHANICAL SYSTEM

9. ILLUMINATION SYSTEM

10. ILLUMINATION SYSTEM

11. OBSERVATIONAL SYSTEM

12. OBSERVATIONAL SYSTEM

13. TYPES OF ILLUMINATION
 Diffuse illumination
 Direct focal illumination
 Indirect illumination
 Retro-illumination
 Specular reflection
 Sclerotic scatter
 Oscillatory illumination

14. DIFFUSE ILLUMINATION

15. DIRECT FOCAL ILLUMINATION

16. INDIRECT FOCAL ILLUMINATION

17. RETRO ILLUMINATION

18. SPECULAR REFLECTION

19. SCLEROTIC SCATTER

20. OSCILLATORY ILLUMINATION
 Beam of light is moved back and forth or
(usually an optical section) nasal to temporal
limbus by moving the illuminating arm
 Occasional aqueous floaters are easier to
observe
 Reveals subtle areas of corneal thinning
 To determine the extent of opacities in the
crystalline lens

21. WHITE FILTER
 Overview of ocular surface tissues
 Examining intraocular structures

22. COBALT BLUE FILTER
 This throws a blue light
 Principle: Fluorescence, substance absorbs
light of a color and then emit a light of other color.
Here, it absorbs blue and emits yellowish green
 Uses: corneal ulcer, AT, Seidel test, tear BUT

23. RED FREE FILTER
 This filter emits green light, this causes
obscure red color
 Blood vessels and hemorrhages appear black
 Areas of episclera with lymphocyte appears
yellow

24. APPLICATION
 Applanation Tonometry
 Gonioscopy
 Fundus examination
 Slit lamp videography
 Slit lamp photography
 Laser delivery system

25. THANK YOU