ppt

2. DIRECTING
• Directing means giving instructions, guiding, counselling, motivating and
leading the staff in an organisation in doing work to achieve
Organisational goals.
• Directing is a key managerial function to be performed by the manager
along with planning, organising, staffing and controlling.
• From top executive to supervisor performs the function of directing and it
takes place accordingly wherever superior – subordinate relations exist.
• Directing is a continuous process initiated at top level and flows to the
bottom through organisational hierarchy.
• It is that part of managerial function which actuates the organizational
methods to work efficiently for achievement of organizational purposes.

3. DIRECTING
Directing might be defined as the interpersonal aspect of
managing which seeks to put human beings into action through –
outstanding leadership and adequate motivation and includes
overseeing of subordinates to ensure their most effective and
efficient contribution towards the attainment of the common
objectives of the enterprise.

4. DIRECTING
• Direction is that inert-personnel aspect of management which deals
directly with influencing, guiding, supervising, motivating sub-ordinate for
the achievement of organizational goals.
• Direction has following elements:
• Supervision
• Motivation
• Leadership
• Communication

5. NATURE OF DIRECTING
• Element of management.
• Interpersonal aspect of managing.
• Actual management performance function.
• It establishes bridge between planning and performance.
• It is a continuous process.
• It is a pervasive management function.
• A process of influencing subordinates and their behaviour through
outstanding leadership and adequate motivation.
• It enhances creativity.
• It seeks to develop the best of human relations.

6. PURPOSE OF DIRECTING
• It initiates actions
• It integrates efforts
• Improves efficiency
• Ensures co-ordination
• Means of motivation
• It provides stability
• Coping up with the changes
• Efficient utilisation of resources
• supervision

7. PRINCIPLES OF DIRECTING
• Harmony of objectives
• Unity of command
• Unity of direction
• Direct supervision
• Participative or democratic management
• Effective communication
• Follow-up

9. COORDINATION
• Co-ordination is very essential in management. Business has various
functions. These functions are performed by different individuals.
• Co-ordination is concerned with synchronizing, integrating or unifying all
the group actions in an enterprise to achieve its objectives.
• It is a process by which the manager achieves harmonious group efforts
and unity of actions through balancing the activities of different
individuals and groups of individuals and reconciling their differences in
interest or approach, for the attainment of common goals.

10. In the words of Mcfarland, “Co-ordination is the
process whereby an executive develops an orderly
pattern of group efforts among his subordinates
and secures unity of actions in the pursuit of a
common purpose.”

11. FEATURES OF COORDINATION
• Co-ordination is concerned with the integration of group efforts and not
individual effort.
• Co-ordination is the concerted efforts of requisite quality and quantity
given at the proper time.
• Co-ordination is a continuous and dynamic process.
• The task of co-ordination and co-operation do not mean the same thing.
• Co-ordination is the responsibility of every manager.
• Co-ordination may be internal or external.
• Co-ordination may be horizontal and vertical.

12. TECHNIQUES OF COORDINATION
■ Balancing – it means adequate provision of any one thing to support
counterbalance the other.
■ Timing – it involves synchronising of the time schedules of different
activities in such a way that they support and reinforce one another.
■ Integrating – it denotes unification of diverse interests and activities
with a view to accomplishment of the overall organisational
objectives.