Introduction to anatomy 1

!
Basic Anatomy Course
in Acupuncture
Ryan Em C. Dalman, MD-MBA

!
Day 1
" Course Introduction
" Anatomical Positions
" Anatomical Terms of Motion
" Basic Anatomy
! Biological Organization
! Blood Vessels
! Bone, Ligament, Tendon, Cartilage, Fascia, Muscle
! Skin, hair and nails
General Outline

!
Day 2
" Back
! Spine
! Spinal Cord
! Upper and Lower Back
" Thorax
General Outline

!
Day 3
" Head and Neck
! Skull
! Scalp
! Neck
" Abdomen
General Outline

!
Day 4
" Upper Extremity
! Arm, Forearm, Hand, Joints
" Face
! Periorbital Area, Nose, Mouth, Ears
General Outline

!
Day 5
" Lower Extremity
! Thigh, Leg, Foot, Joints
" Special topics
General Outline

!
Day 6
" Integration
General Outline

!
Morning Topics
" Course Introduction
! Brief History of Anatomy
! Anatomy and TCM
! Relevance of Anatomy in Acupuncture
" Anatomical Positions
! Anterior, posterior, medial, etc.
Outline

!
Morning Topics
" Anatomical Terms of Motion
! Flexion, extension, rotation, etc
" Basic Anatomy
! Biological Organization (Cell, Tissue, etc)
" Recall Activity
Outline

!
Afternoon Topics
" Basic Anatomy
! Vessels (Artery, Vein, Nerve)
" Basic Physiology
" Relevance in Acupuncture
! Bone, Ligament, Tendon, Cartilage, Fascia, Muscle
! Skin, hair and nails
" TCM principles
! Recall Activity
Outline

!
Pretest!
A. Clavicle
B. Sternum
C. Scapula
D. Pelvis

!
Pretest!
A. Humerus
B. Ulna
C. Tibia
D. Femur

!
Pretest!
A. Tarsal bones
B. Carpal bones
C. Patella
D. Sacrum

!
Pretest!
A. Gluteus Muscles
B. Gastrocnemius
C. Trapezius
D. Sternocleidomastoid

!
Pretest!
A. Axillary fossa
B. Popliteal fossa
C. Antecubital fossa

!
Egypt (16000 BC)
" Basic Dissections
" Heart, liver, spleen, hypothalamus, and bladder
" Heart is the center of blood supply
History of Ancient Anatomy

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Birth of Biology (5th-4th
Century BC)
" Coined by a Greek
naturalist
" Bios (life) logos (word)

!
Alcameon (5th century BC)
" First man to make a
significant contribution
to anatomy
" Search for the seat of
intelligence

!
Aristotle (4th century BC)
" Animal Dissections
" Comparative Anatomy
" “Heart is the seat of
intelligence”

!
Alexandria (3rd – 2nd century BC)
" First recorded school of anatomy
" Ptolemy I Soter

!
Human Vivisection (300 BC)
" Vivisection – “the practice of performing operations on
live animals for the purpose of experimentation or scientific
research”

!
" Herophilus and Erasistratus

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Errors of Galen (2nd Century AD)
" Galen
! Chief Physician to
Gladiators

!
Early Modern Anatomy
Mondino de Luzzi
(1275-1326)
" First systemic human
cadaver dissections

!
Leonardi Da Vinci (1489)
" Anatomical drawings

!
Andreas Vesalius (16th
Century)
" First to challenge the
Galenic Doctrine
" anatomy became an
actual discipline

!
Anatomical Theaters (16th Century)
" University of Padua
" Italy: Center for Vivisection

!
" Human dissections
seldom done
! Confucius: “Our body
with skin and hair comes
from our parents. We must
not mutilate it”
Anatomy in TCM

!
" Emperor Wang Mang
! Ordered dissection of the body of a rebel named Wang
Sun-Ching
Anatomy in TCM

!
" Ancient China (Shang Dynasty, 17th-11th century BC)
! Magical/Supernatural/Demons cause all the diseases
! Demons cause swellings, relieved by insertion of stone
lancets
Anatomy in TCM

!
" Early Chinese Dynasties
! Soldiers wounded by arrows in battles was suddenly
relieved from symptoms that bothered them for years
Anatomy in TCM

!
" Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine
! University of Western Sidney
" Masters program 1 of 4 years
! Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
" Traditional Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Tuina
Massage (1 of 5 years)
! Yosan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
" Masters program (1 of 4 years)
! Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
" Short courses: 2 weeks
Anatomy in TCM

!
Terms of Position and Direction

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Ipsilateral: A & B
C & D
Contralateral: B & D
A & C

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a. Superior
b. Inferior
c. Ipsilateral
d. Contralateral

!
a. Medial
b. Lateral
c. Proximal
d. Distal

!
a. Anterior
b. Posterior
c. Dorsal
d. Ventral

!
Extension and Flexion
" Flexion – a decrease in the angle of the joint
" Extension – an increase in the angle of the joint

!
" Dorsiflexion
! bending the foot/hand towards the dorsal side
" Plantar Flexion
! bending the foot towards the plantar side
" Palmar Flexion
! Bending the hand towards the palmar side
Dorsi/Plantar/Palmar Flexion

!
Dorsi/Plantar/Palmar Flexion

!
" Abduction
! Movement away from the midline of the body
" Adduction
! Movement towards the midline of the body
Abduction and Adduction

!
Abduction and Adduction
A
B
C
D

!
" Medial Rotation
! Movement around a longitudinal axis toward the
midline of the body
" Lateral Rotation
! Movement around a longitudinal axis away from the
midline of he body
Rotation

!
" Circumduction
! Circular movement of a
limb
Circumduction

!
" Elevation
! Upward movement
" Depression
! Downward movement
Elevation and Depression

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" Protraction
! Forward movement
" Retraction
! Backward movement
Protraction and Retraction

!
Protraction and Retraction
Protraction
Retraction

!
" Supination
! Movement of forearm in which the palm is turned
anteriorly
" Pronation
! Movement of forearm in which the palm is turned
posteriorly
Supination and Pronation

!
Inversion and Eversion
" Inversion
! Movement of the soles inward so they face each other
" Eversion
! Movement of the soles outward so they face away from
each other

!
Recall!
A B
C
Supination
Pronation
Flexion
Extension
Depression
Elevation
Protraction
Retraction
Inversion
Eversion
Rotation
Circumduction
Abduction
Adduction
Dorsiflexion
Plantar Flexion
Palmar Flexion

!
Recall!
Supination
Pronation
Flexion
Extension
Depression
Elevation
Protraction
Retraction
Inversion
Eversion
Rotation
Circumduction
Abduction
Adduction
Dorsiflexion
Plantar Flexion
Palmar Flexion

!
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" Ryan Dalman

Introduction to anatomy 1

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