This document provides an overview of writing principles including the components of an effective paragraph and different types of essays. It discusses the key elements of paragraphs such as topic sentences, supporting details, and concluding sentences. It also outlines the major parts of essays including introductions, bodies, and conclusions. Finally, it describes four common types of essays: narrative, descriptive, expository, and argumentative.

1. UNDERSTANDING
THE PRINCIPLES OF
WRITING
Continues…

2. LET’S DO THE
RECAP!

3. 1. COMPONENTS OF
EFFECTIVE PARAGRAPH

4. A. TOPIC SENTENCE
B. SUPPORTING SENTENCES
C. COHESIVE DEVICES
D. CONCLUDING SENTENCES

5. Eating is a process that combines many
procedures. First, you identify what food you want to eat in
front of you. Second, if you decide what food you are going to
eat, your brain commands your muscle to pick the food in front
of you and send it to your mouth. Third, your mouth breaks
down the food into small pieces and blends the food with saliva.
Fourth, you swallow the food roll into the stomach through
esophagus. Lastly, your stomach digests the food to absorb its
energy.

6. 4 Qualities of an
Effective
Paragraph

7. 4 Qualities of an Effective
Paragraph
UNITY

8. There are many types of pets in an average household.
People will often even choose pets according to their
personalities. Some people like small dogs that are easy
to take care of and do not demand a lot of attention.
Some owners prefer strong or vicious dogs, like
bulldogs for example. Other people might like cats
because they are independent and really need no
attention at all. Birds provide people with a lot of
company, if you like bird songs, but their cages need a
lot of cleaning. A fish tank is great to look at but the
tanks must be cleaned often as well. Some people even
treat their plants like pets and talk to them. In a zoo,
large animals, like polar bears, are left to themselves in
their cages.

9. WHAT CAUSES CONFUSION TO THE
READER IN UNITY?

10. 4 Qualities of an Effective
Paragraph
UNITY
COHERENCE

11. WHAT SHOULD BE THE
OBJECTIVES OF COHERENCE
IN SENTENCES?

12. 4 Qualities of an Effective
Paragraph
UNITY
COHERENCE
EMPHASIS

13. WHAT DOES THE EMPHASIS
DEAL WITH THE PROJECTION
AND THROUGH THE
PARAGRAPH?

14. 4 Qualities of an Effective
Paragraph
UNITY
COHERENCE
EMPHASIS
ORDER

15. WHAT DOES THE
PARAGRAPH OF ORDER
GIVE TO THE READER?

17. PARAGRAPH
VS
ESSAY

18. PARAGRAPH ESSAY
•ORGANIZED WITH
TOPIC SENTENCE
• BODY REFERS TO THE
SUPPORTING SENTENCES
• USES INTRODUCTORY
SENTENCE
•USES CONCLUDING
SENTENCE
•ORGANIZED WITH A
THESIS STATEMENT
•USES INTRODUCTORY
PARAGRAPH
• BODY REFERS TO THE
PARAGRAPHS
• USES CONCLUDING
PARAGRAPH

19. ESSAY
ORGANIZED PIECE OF WRITING THAT CENTERS
AROUND A CENTRAL IDEA.

20. THERE ARE THREE MAJOR PARTS OF
THE ESSAY
•INTRODUCTION
•BODY
•CONCLUSION

21. ESSAY
HAS 4 GENERAL TYPES

22. THERE ARE FOUR TYPES OF ESSAY
•NARRATIVE
•DESCRIPTIVE
•EXPOSITORY
•ARGUMENTATIVE

23. •TELLS A STORY
NARRATIVE
CHRONOLOGICAL AND
PROCEDURAL ORDER

24. •STATIC DESCRIPTION
DESCRIPTIVE
•PROCESS DESCRIPTION
SPATIAL ORDER

25. ARGUMENTATIVE
•ATTEMPTS TO CONVINCE THE READER
OF THE IMPORTANCE OF AN ASSERTION
CAUSE AND EFFECT ORDER
COMPARISON AND CONTRAST

26. EXPOSITORY•EXPLAINS A CONCEPT OR AN IDEA
LISTING
CLASSIFICATION AND
DIVISION
DEFINITION
EXEMPLIFICATION

29. IT’S YOUR TURN.

31. GUIDED PRACTICE (WE DO)
PAIR # 1 (Reference 1, p.136) (Comprehension Check items 11-20)
• Directions: Work in pair. Write T if the statement is true and F if it is false.
• PAIR # 2 (Reference 1, p. 136-137) (Part I.)
• Directions: Read the following sentences very carefully. Then, arrange the sentences
their correct sequence. Use paragraph form when rewriting the text.
• PAIR # 3 (Reference 1, p. 137) (Part II.A)
• Directions: Using the following information, write a unified, coherent, and emphatic
paragraph. You may add the details according to your knowledge and experiences.
• PAIR # 4 (Reference 1, p. 138) (Part II.B)
• Directions: Using the following information, write a unified, coherent, and emphatic
paragraph. You may add the details according to your knowledge and experiences.
• PAIR # 5 (Reference 1, p.138) (Part III.A)
• Directions: Using the following information, write a unified, coherent, and emphatic
paragraph. You may add the details according to your knowledge and experiences.
a separate sheet for your answers.