Study of Sociology and its theories and relation to education.

1. SOCIOLOGY

2. Theory and its Importance
 A theory is a statement of how and why
processes work or the world operates.
 Within sociology, theories attempt to explain why
groups of people choose to perform certain
actions and how societies function or change in a
certain way.
 It's important for social sciences, like psychology,
economics, and sociology, to follow theoretical
perspectives as a framework for understanding
phenomena, such as the ways people form
groups.
 Theories help us see overall themes across many
specific types of behaviors or decisions in the

3. FOUR MAJOR
THEORIES IN
SOCIOLOGY

4. Structural-Functional Theory
 This approach views society as a complex, but
interconnected system, where each part works
together as a functional whole.
 In sociology, you can probably think of the
government, businesses, schools, and
families. We need all of these systems to work
together for a fully-functioning society.
 Structural-functional theory studies how each
part of the larger social world works together

5. Social Conflict Theory
 This theory views society as a system of
groups that are not equal, and therefore
consistently generate conflict and change.
 Social conflict theory emphasizes how social
conflict motivates people and societies to
evolve over time.

6. Feminism
 Feminism is often misunderstood as coming
from a group of angry women who are trying to
dominate men.
 Understood correctly, feminism is a
perspective that views society as traditionally
unequal between men and women and strives
for equality between the sexes.

7. Symbolic Interactionism
 Symbolic interactionism is a school of thought
in sociology that explains social behavior in
terms of how people interact with each other
via symbols; in this view, social structures are
best understood in terms of such individual
interactions.
 Believed that one's self develops through
social interactions.

8. Human Resource Theories
 Organizational behavior refers to how
individuals and groups behave within an
organizational setting.
 Human resource theories help explain how
management behaviors and structures can
positively or negatively influence employee
behavior.

9. SOCIOLOGY IN
EDUCATION

10.  Sociological theory and research have helped
people to understand the reasons for various
issues arising in formal education.
 At the level of higher education, our discussion
highlighted the fact that social inequality in the
larger society also plays out in colleges and
universities.
 The inequality that exists in society finds its way
into primary and secondary schools, and
inequality in the schools in turn contributes to
inequality in the larger society.

11. SOCIOLOGY IN
EDUCATION

12. FACTORS THAT AFFFECT LOW
ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT
Environment
Romantic Relationships
Clubs and Organizations
Student Cults

13. SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION
 The sociology of education is the study of how
social institutions and individual experiences
affects education and its outcome.
 Education as a process and an idea exists
within a societal context.
 Education is organized in the society by
individuals who are members of a particular
group, community, states and nation.

14.  It is relatively a new branch and two great
sociologist Émile Durkheim and Max Weber
were the father of sociology of education.
 Émile Durkheim's work on moral education as
a basis for social solidarity is considered the
beginning of sociology of education.
 The sociology of education is the study of how
social institutions and forces affect educational
processes and outcomes, and vice versa.

15. Relation between sociology and
education
 The relation between sociology and education
has always been a subject of debate.
 One concept says education is meant to
overcome the inequalities of society whereas
the other says the prime function of education
is to promote the equilibrium status of the
society it tries to maintains equality/inequality
whatever state is prevalent in the society.

16. Social Reproduction
 Society has its institutions through which it
reproduce itself Family, Economy,
Government, Religion, Education. All
institutions are meant to socialize its member.
 Education is one of the most powerful social
institution as it has access to the children.
Right from the beginning in their life education
institutions has great control. Education
institutions decides the future perspective of
the children.

17. ISSUES IN
SOCIOLOGY
OF
EDUCATION

18.  Educational institution is a good sample of
society.It is a miniature form of
 The environment of educational institution is a
complex one and various issues like gender,
Social background, language, technology,
ideology interplay in a complex social milieu at
micro (within institution) and macro (broad
perspective).

19. Language
 language is a set of visual, auditory,
symbols(gesture a
 We know that learning is a process resulting
from the communication (interaction) between
learner and teacher.So you can understand
what importance language have in education.
 In a single language society where one
language is used there is no concern of
language of education at local level. But in a
bigger social sphere(global) again language
issue comes of communication.

20. GENDER
 Gender differs from sex. Sex is a biological state
that defines being male or female. Gender is the
social difference a person face due to his sex.
 We have some of the indexes which indicates the
social biases in all sphere of education like
language and literature of texts, male female ratio
of learners,teachers.
 You can find the status of gender issue in your
institution by calculating these indexes.As well
you can decide these indexes by including these
issues at policy making stage.

21. Technology
 Technology is the use of science.We read in
the earlier subsection that learning is a
process resulting from interaction between
learner and teacher.
 The access to these technologies is not equal
in the society. Very few percentage of people
in some countries like India, have access to
these technological advancement.
 Various teaching strategies needs electronics
gadgets, electricity.

22. Family Structure
 The concept of nuclear Family is prevalent
now days in India. The concept of combined
family is loosing its identity.
 The percent of family having both parents
working is getting higher. They also work in
shifts. Parents have very little time for their
children. In this case the self study at home is
not done well.
 As a teacher you can identify the family
structure of the learner and plan learning
activities accordingly.

23. Cultural Diversity
 Recently we have seen lot of turmoil on the
issue of text books having matters hurting
some section of society. I am not judging the
issue. What I want to say is that we must think
every action for its social consequences.
 Dress code (veil, skirts,saaries), ornaments
(bindi,ear rings,nose rings,mehndi) etc may be
the concerns of cultural diversity in educational
institutions.Best practice should be to hurt no
one.