2. Why we need Areas?
• Human behavior is so varied, the number of subfields in
psychology is also constantly growing and evolving.
• Some of these subfields have been firmly established as
areas of interest, and many colleges and universities offer
courses and degree programs in these topics.
• Each field of psychology represents a specific area of study
focused on a particular topic.
• Psychologists specialize in one of these areas as a career.
For many of these specialty areas, working in that specific
area requires additional graduate study in that particular
field.
• The following are just some of the major Areas of
psychology.
3. Major Areas of Psychology
• Clinical Psychology
• Behavioral Psychology
• Bio-psychology
• Cognitive Psychology
• Abnormal Psychology
• Counseling Psychology
• Developmental Psy
• Educational Psychology
• I-O Psychology
• Cross Cultural Psychology
• Social Psychology
• Environmental Psychology
• Gender Psychology
• Forensic Psychology
• Health Psychology
• Islamic Psychology
4. Clinical Psychology
• Clinical psychology is the branch of psychology
concerned with the assessment and treatment of
mental illness, abnormal behavior, and psychiatric
disorders.
• Clinicians often work in private practices, but
many also work in community centers or at
universities and colleges.
• Others work in hospital settings or mental health
clinics as part of a collaborative team that may
include physicians, psychiatrists, and other
mental health professionals.
5. Behavioral Psychology
• Behavioral psychology, also known as behaviorism, is
a theory of learning based on the idea that all
behaviors are acquired through conditioning.
• While this branch of psychology dominated the field
during the first part of the twentieth century, it
became less prominent during the 1950s.
• However, behavioral techniques remain a mainstay in
therapy, education, and many other areas.
• People often utilize behavioral strategies such as
classical conditioning and operant conditioning to
teach or modify behaviors.
6. Biopsychology
• Biopsychology is a branch of psychology is focused on
how the brain, neurons, and nervous system influence
thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
• This field draws on many different disciplines including
basic psychology, experimental psychology, biology,
physiology, cognitive psychology, and neuroscience.
• People who work in this field often study how brain
injuries and brain diseases impact human behavior.
Biopsychology is also sometimes referred to as
physiological psychology, behavioral neuroscience, or
psychobiology.
7. Cognitive Psychology
• Cognitive psychology is the branch of
psychology that focuses on internal mental
states.
• This area of psychology has continued to grow
since it emerged in the 1960s.
• This area of psychology is centered on the
science of how people think, learn, and
remember.
8. Abnormal Psychology
• Abnormal psychology is the area that looks at
psychopathology and abnormal behavior.
Mental health professionals help assess,
diagnose, and treat a wide variety of
psychological disorders including anxiety and
depression.
• Counselors, clinical psychologists, and
psychotherapists often work directly in this
field.
9. Counseling Psychology
• Counseling psychology is one of the largest
individual subfields within psychology.
• It is centered on treating clients experiencing
mental distress and a wide variety of
psychological symptoms.
• The Society of Counseling Psychology describes
the field as an area that can improve
interpersonal functioning throughout life by
improving social and emotional health as well as
addressing concerns about health, work, family,
marriage, and more.
10. Developmental Psychology
• Developmental psychology focuses on how
people change and grow throughout the entire
lifespan.
• The scientific study of human development seeks
to understand and explain how and why people
change throughout life.
• Developmental psychologists often study things
such as physical growth, intellectual
development, emotional changes, social growth,
and perceptual changes that occur over the
course of the lifespan.
11. Educational Psychology
• Educational psychology is the branch of psychology
concerned with schools, teaching psychology,
educational issues and student concerns.
• Educational psychologists often study how students
learn or work directly with students, parents, teachers,
and administrators to improve student outcomes.
• They might study how different variables influence
individual student outcomes.
• They also study topics such as learning disabilities,
giftedness, the instructional process, and individual
differences.
12. Industrial-Organizational Psychology
• Industrial-organizational psychology is a branch that
applies psychological principles to research on
workplace issues such as productivity and behavior.
• This field of psychology, often referred to as I/O
psychology, works to improve productivity and
efficiency in the workplace while also maximizing the
well-being of employees.
• It seeks to solve real-world problems. I-O psychologists
study topics such as worker attitudes, employee
behaviors, organizational processes, and leadership.
13. Cross-Cultural Psychology
• Cross-cultural psychology is a branch of
psychology that looks at how cultural factors
influence human behavior.
• The International Association of Cross-Cultural
Psychology (IACCP) was established in 1972, and
this branch of psychology has continued to grow
and develop since that time.
• Today, increasing numbers of psychologists
investigate how behavior differs among various
cultures throughout the world.
14. Social Psychology
• Social psychology seeks to explain and understand social
behavior and looks at diverse topics including group
behavior, social interactions, leadership, nonverbal
communication, and social influences on decision-making.
• This field of psychology is focused on the study of topics
such as group behavior, social perception, nonverbal
behavior, conformity, aggression, and prejudice.
• Social influences on behavior are a major interest in social
psychology, but social psychologists are also focused on how
people perceive and interact with others.
15. Environmental psychology
• Environmental psychology is an
interdisciplinary field that focuses on the
interplay between individuals and their
surroundings.
• The field defines the term environment
broadly, encompassing natural environments,
social settings, built environments, learning
environments, and informational
environments.
16. Gender Psychology
• Gender is generally conceived as a set of characteristics
that are associated with a certain biological sex.
• In non-western countries, gender is not always
conceived as binary, or strictly linked to biological sex.
• As a result, in some cultures there are third, fourth,
fifth or "some" genders
• The exploration of the concepts of masculinity and
femininity across cultures and the influence of those
concepts on behavior, health, interpersonal
relationships, and psychological processes.
17. Forensic Psychology
• Forensic psychology is a specialty area that deals with
issues related to psychology and the law. Those who
work in this field of psychology apply psychological
principles to legal issues.
• This may involve studying criminal behavior and
treatments or working directly in the court system.
• Forensic psychologists perform a wide variety of duties,
including providing testimony in court cases, assessing
children in suspected child abuse cases, preparing
children to give testimony and evaluating the mental
competence of criminal suspects.
18. Health Psychology
• Health psychology is a specialty area that focuses on
how biology, psychology, behavior and social factors
influence health and illness.
• Health psychologists are interested in improving health
across a wide variety of domains.
• These professionals not only promote healthy
behaviors, but they also work on the prevention and
treatment of illness and disease.
• Health psychologists often deal with health-related
issues such as weight management, smoking cessation,
stress management, and nutrition.
19. Islamic psychology
• Islamic psychology or ʿilm al-nafs,
• the science of the nafs, is the medical and
philosophical study of the psyche
• Islamic perspective and addresses topics in
psychology, neuroscience, philosophy of mind,
and psychiatry as well as psychosomatic
medicine.
• Basic motives of LOVE and FEAR in the people as
a Drive to keep them away from Evil.
• Win the hearts of people for pleasure
