The document provides information about global climate change, including its causes, effects, and steps that can be taken to address it. It discusses how human activities that release greenhouse gases are the main driver of increased global temperatures. Effects of climate change mentioned include more frequent and intense heat waves, rising sea levels due to melting ice sheets and glaciers, and bleaching of coral reefs. Proxy data from tree rings, coral reefs, and ice cores can be analyzed to study past climate changes. Nations have adopted measures like the Kyoto Protocol to reduce emissions, while individuals can contribute through actions such as using renewable energy and reducing meat consumption.

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ABOUT
Rupali Shelar
An avid visual arts and book lover, a keen
student, a supposedly good and efficient
homemaker and a fiercely protective and fun-
loving mom to two difficult yet wonderful
teenagers. I strongly believe in the quote
"If you want the rainbow, you gotta put
up with the rain".
So here I am with my first video as part of our
college activity.
The closure of schools across the country is
requiring more and more educators and students
to go online with either videos or blogs for
sharing of knowledge and better learning
experiences.

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Dr D.Y.Patil College of Education, Pimpri, Pune
2020 -2021
B.Ed Course code 212: Entrepreneurship
Development
Inspiration: Dr. Rekha Pathak
Guidance: Prof. Shakuntala D. Bhosale
Roll no : 15
Subject: Geography
Topic: Global Climate Change

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GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE

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Global climate change, its effects and
steps to tackle it.

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Introduction
"We are living on this planet as if we have another one to go
to"
- Terry Swearingen
Climate change is a vast, interesting and also a common topic for all
higher secondary school students and so I hope this video helps you to
understand some concepts related to climatic changes. Climate change can
be explored in various disciplines in different ways. We will look at it
from the geographical perspective and how we can make use of this
knowledge in real life situations, as it is of paramount importance for
our planet, to make it more habitable and healthier.
Climaton the other hand refers to long term regional or even global
average of temperature, humidity and rainfall patterns over seasons, years
or decades.

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No challenge poses a greater threat to human
generations other than CLIMATE CHANGE

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Climate change
It is a long-term change in the average weather patterns that have come to define
the earth's local, regional and global climates.
History of climate change
Variability in climate occurs all the time. The nineties decade of the last century
witnessed extreme weather events. The 1990s recorded the warmest temperature of the
century and some of the worst floods around the world. During the 1930s, severe
drought occurred in southwestern Great Plains of the United States, described as
the dust bowl. From about 1885-1940 world temperature showed an upward trend. After
1940, the rate of increase in temperature slowed down.
When we talk about climate changes, we refer to the natural fluctuations in the
climate. The temperatures have been rising faster, due to human activities and
natural causes too. The world has been getting warmer day by day. We are adding to
the natural greenhouse effect, with harmful gases from the industries, agriculture,
explosions and many other factors and in turn trapping more energy and increasing
the temperature. This is known as global warming too, though the term "climate
change" refers to the broader range of changes that are occurring on earth other
than encompassing global warming.

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Causes of climate change
The causes for climate change are many. Some causes of climate change are listed below :
 Topography: This refers to the shape of the land. Latitudes and elevation ranges are one of the
factors that lead to fluctuation in surface temperatures. It can lead to local changes in climate.
 Sea level: One of the influential factors affecting a region’s climate is the distance from the sea
and nearby water bodies. The surface temperatures in sea have an effect on land temperatures. Coastal
areas are cooler and wetter than internal areas. This leads to cloud formation when warm air from
these interior areas meets cool air from the sea.
 Ocean currents: These can transfer heat energy from land to sea or vice versa, hence influencing the
temperature of the region.
 Prevailing winds: Winds scatter specific air masses. The climate of a region can be dependent on the
direction of the wind as the wind from the humid region brings cool air while that from the dry region
brings hot air.
 Milankovitch oscillations: Variations in the earth’s orbital characteristics around the sun and the
changes in the earth’s axial tilt affects the amount of isolation faced by earth and hence affects the
climate.
 Human activities: Deforestation, an increase in the human population, pollution caused by the burning
of fossil fuels, emission from vehicles and industries.

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IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND
PROXY DATA
Global warming, its effects and proxy data for studying climate change
“
EFFECTS OF CLIMATIC CHANGE

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Global warming
Global warming is the
effect of gases such as
carbon dioxide, methane
etc on the temperature of
the earth. It has led to
an increase in the heat
holding capacity of the
atmosphere which in turn
increases the
temperature..

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Effects of global warming
1) Heat Waves
2) Heat Islands
3) Increase in sea level
4)Organisms
5) Melting of glaciers
at high altitudes and
snow in polar areas

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1) Heat Waves
Increases the heat
holding capacity of the
atmosphere which in turn
increases the
temperature especially
during summers.

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2) Heat Islands
Global warming serves as a
base from which heat waves
become much worse
especially in big cities
where the heat island effect
comes into play. Urban areas
heat up more readily because
of paved surfaces and
concrete constructions.

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3) Increase in sea level
The global sea level rise is caused
due to the following :
1. Melting of land ice
2. Changes in the amount of water
stored on land.
3. Higher sea levels can lead to
deadlier cyclones and frequent
flooding of coastal areas. For
example, parts of Konkan coast,
southern Kerala and flooding of
cities and coastal communities
around Kutch in Gujarat.

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4) Organisms
i) Around the world the jellyfish seem
to be reproducing heavily and
congregating in places where they were
never seen before. This is happening
because of warmer waters and changes in
the acidity level of the oceans.
ii) Spread of insects in newer regions
: Global warming will apparently
increase the number of mosquitoes as
higher temperature and humid conditions
provide a perfect breeding ground.
iii) Coral reefs : When temperatures
change, corals throw out the algae
living in their tissues. These algae
are responsible for their color.
Increase in temperature leads to
bleaching of corals and if prolonged
the corals perish.

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5) Melting of glaciers and snow in
polar areas
The melting of ice is a very
natural process. But when
glaciers and icebergs melt at an
alarming rate, it becomes a cause
of concern. This phenomenon has
intensified in the 20th century
and will soon leave our planet
iceless. The main culprit is
human activity in the emission of
carbon dioxide and other
greenhouse gases. The earth's
retreating glaciers are evident
impacts as oceans and other water
bodies absorb more than 80% of
the earth's warmth, and glaciers
are mostly located near the poles
and higher altitudes. For example
the Gangotri glacier, one of the
largest in the Himalayas, has
retreated more than 850 meters
with a recession of 76 meters
from 1996 to 1999 alone.

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Proxy data for studying climate
change
Examples of proxy data
and how it helps to
analyse climate change
1)Coral reefs
2)Tree rings
3)Ice sheets

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Coral reefs
Coral reefs form skeletons
by extracting calcium
carbonate from the ocean and
are very sensitive to
temperature which results in
a change in their density in
different temperatures.
Because of this sensitivity
they form rings every season
and by observation
scientists determine the
temperature or water or the
season in which the growth
of the reef took place.

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Tree rings
Trees form different
widths of rings every
season and are heavily
affected by
environmental
conditions. By studying
the variation in these
rings scientists can
determine the climatic
conditions that were
present at that time.

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Ice cores
These are samples taken
from the inside of the
ice sheets and have a
different texture
depending on the
climatic conditions.
These sheets from
Antarctica or Greenland
give information about
the climate of each year
the sheets were formed.

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Climate change is the single biggest thing that humans have done to this planet.
The one thing that needs to be bigger is our movement to stop it.
-- Bill Mckibben“
STEPS TO TACKLE DRASTIC CLIMATE
CHANGES TO A CERTAIN EXTENT

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1.Power your home with renewable sources of energy : Set up solar panels on
the roofs of your house. Now since this might not be convenient for
everybody, start by observing your electricity bill and start reducing the
AC usage, start using LED lights which consume less power, reuse items in
your house and use less plastic.
2.Reduce water pollution : Surprisingly reducing water pollution also helps
to lower CO2 emissions. You must be wondering why..... that's because it
takes large amounts of energy to pump, heat and treat your water. Start
spending less time in your shower singing , close the tap while brushing
your teeth and switch off water appliances after their use has been served.
3.More trees please ....let's go green : Plant as many trees in your
neighborhood as possible but don't forget to also take care of them. It
won’t make a difference if you plant a sapling and forget all about it
later.
4.Dietary habits: Reduce meat intake or better still go vegan: By reducing
your consumption of animal protein by half, you can cut your diet's carbon
footprint by more than 40%. If its difficult to go vegan or turn
vegetarian, at least become a 'flexitarian' and reduce your red meat
intake.

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Measures opted by nations to tackle climate change
Other than the previously given measures, there are several measures adopted by
different countries to tackle climate change. For example, the Kyoto Protocol is
an international treaty that commits member countries to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions.
The Government of India has also taken important steps to combat climate change:
1.National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC), 2008
2.National Adaptation Fund for Climate Change, (NAFCC)
3.National Clean Energy Fund (NCEF)
To conclude this topic, I would like to reiterate the fact that its imperative to
understand the complexities of the climate change process, its causes, its
disastrous effects and what can be done to tackle this alarming issue. Let's not
take this lightly and try to be responsible for our actions on our planet and
strive for a better world, a greener and healthier version for the future
generations....

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When educating the minds of our youth we must not forget to educate their hearts.
-- Dalai Lama
“
STUDENT'S CORNER

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1.The problem and the solution
In this animated infographic we
dive into the science behind
human accelerated climate
change, how it is affecting our
planet, why we need to act on
this issue, and how you as an
individual can contribute to
the solution.

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2. A thorough explanation of the complicated issue
In this animated video
you would get a better
view of the issue and
the problems we face due
to it.

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Assess yourself
1. State the human activities which influence
climate change.
2. There is a possibility that we might not see
the coastal cities of a lot of countries.
State why.
3. What is bleaching of coral reefs? How do they
help in collecting proxy data?
4. How does latitude affect climate?
5. Why is there an increase in floods and
droughts?
6. What steps have been taken to tackle climate
change?
7. How do you think the climate change has
influenced India?
8. Have you noticed any changes in the climatic
conditions in the recent years? List down some
of the changes with examples.
9. What lifestyle changes can be adopted by us to
combat climate change?
10.Explain global warming and the greenhouse
effect in detail.
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“NOT A HOT PLANET BUT A BEAUTIFUL EARTH WITH CLEAR SKIES,
CLEAR WATER AND FRESH AIR IS OUR COMMITMENT TO THE
FUTURE GENERATIONS.
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THANK YOU