E1405_2022.03.16.DIT.Water.Sanitation.MP.Engineering.Studies_v1.pptx

ENGINEERING PROCESS FOR PREPARATION OF
WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION MASTER PLAN
FOR SUAI , MUNICIPAL CAPITAL OF COVALIMA
DIT WORKSHOP
16 March 2023

1. INTRODUCTION
2. FIELDWORK & MEETINGS
3. STAKEHOLDERS AND DATA COLLECTION
4. DATA COLLECTION
5. WORK PLAN, ACTIVITIES, DELIVERABLES AND DEADLINES
6. TEAM – HUMAN RESOURCES & MAIN TASKS
7. SUAI EXISTING SITUATION
8. SUAI OPTIONS ANALYSIS
9. SUAI PROPOSED SOLUTION
10. WATER CYCLE
11. WATER SOURCES PROTECTION
12. SANITATION
13. NEXT STEPS
14. COMMENTS, SUGGESTIONS, CONCLUSIONS
2
ENGINEERING PROCESS FOR PREPARATION OF WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION
MASTER PLAN FOR SUAI , MUNICIPAL CAPITAL OF COVALIMA
TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION
• A strategic plan answers the question “where do we want to
go?”
• A master plan provides a road map that shows how we can
get there. It is a blueprint for the future of an organization
and must be directly tied to goals and planning. It identifies
economic, social, technical, environmental factors, such as
infrastructure development, planning, acquisition and
sustainability.
• The elaboration and development of a Master Plan have:
-activities to get information (primary &secondary
data);
-options analysis and proposed solution;
-institutional arrangements and legal framework; and
-implementation plan.
ENGINEERING PROCESS FOR PREPARATION OF WATER SUPPLY AND
SANITATION MASTER PLAN FOR SUAI , MUNICIPAL CAPITAL OF COVALIMA 3

4
SANITATION MASTER PLAN FOR SUAI , MUNICIPAL CAPITAL OF COVALIMA
1. INTRODUCTION
This presentation concerns to the project for “Engineering Process for
Preparation of Water Supply and Sanitation Master Plan for Suai , Municipal
Capital of Covalima”. First step, team mobilization (stage 0), compilation of
stakeholders contacts, documents and baseline information.
Stage 0 includes Inception Report, it’s presentation, discussion and delivery,
the project scope consists of three main stages:
• Stage I - Assessment of Existing Water and Sanitation Situation;
• Stage II - Water Supply and Sanitation Options Analysis;
• Stage III - Feasibility Assessment of Priority Water Supply and Sanitation
Investments.

5
Field work developed: Suai, (Covalima), water sources, boreholes, water
tanks, network operating valves, schools, hospitals, existent fecal sludge
treatment plant built by UN in 2001;
2. FIELD WORK &
MEETINGS
Findings: the payment for water supply service is a strategic matter, also
to ensure a rational water consumption and to achieve financial
sustainability for the service. Other way, clients closer to water tanks
easily access water, other clients hardly will.
Water quality monitoring and control is very
important regarding public health, and limestone,
frequently a big problem in Timor-Leste.

6
2. FIELD WORK & MEETINGS
Suai Borehole, not working Américo Spring chamber, Suai,
rehabilitation works needed
Existent FSTP built by UN, 2001, Suai
Rehabilitated in 2011, but never worked
Booster pump, Suai
Santa Rosa reservoir (#3 cells), Suai,
rehabilitation works are needed

7
Water Sources:
- A campaign to know flow in dry season, water quality, availability;
- Water supply infrastructures need rehabilitation;
Sanitation:
- There is no information about desludging procedures of existing septic
septic tanks;
- There are no desludging trucks or faecal sludge treatment plants
(FSTP) in the studied area;
- The existing public toilets are not working properly, don’t have tap
water, and no operation and maintenance;
- Septic tanks are broken, leaking into the ground and infiltrate. Often,
when septic tanks are full, a new septic tank is built, and the existent
one is abandoned (sealed);
2. FIELD WORK &
MEETINGS

8
2. FIELD WORK & MEETINGS
Miguel Armada, Suai Prison’s
Vice Administrator
Suco’s leader Dato and
secretary, Suai
Arakat and Village Leader,
Suai
Village leader meeting, Suai Water supply system at Suai
Airport
Suai’s vice-administrator

9
3. STAKEHOLDERS
STAKEHOLDERS IDENTIFICATION
- National Level
● Bee Timor Leste, E.P.;
● ANAS, I.P.;
● DNPCC (road improvements);
● DNHPU (urban planning);
● Ministry of Health (water bourn diseases);
● Ministry of Public Works (MPW);
● Ministry of Agriculture (MAP);
● Ministry of Finance - AID Coordination;
● Ministry of State Administration (MSA);
● Ministry of Planning and Territory (MPT);
● ANPM; Timor GAP - Tasi Mane Project; IPG;
● ADN; ANLA; SGP/MPS;
FOCAL POINT – MPW / BTL.EP
- Local Level and Others
● Local Administration (Aldeia; Suco,
Municipio);
● Community Leaders (Leorai, Lia'nain,
Church, School Headmasters);
● Community Groups;
● Municipal BTL.EP delegations;
● Health officials;
● Agriculture office officials;
● Private sector;
● NGOs;
● PLAN International;
● WaterAid; CVTL; Care International;
● GMF;
● Steering Committee

10
3. STAKEHOLDERS
TECHNICAL
SUPPORT
ADMINISTRATIVE
SUPPORT
LOGISTIC
SUPPORT
CONSULTING TEAM
[MOP]
CONTRACTING
INSTITUTION
QUALITY CONTROL
COMMITTEE
STEERING
COMMITTEE
FOCAL POINT
AdP + ENGIDRO
STAKEHOLDERS:
MOP + MPO + BTL +
ANAS
Others Ministries, National &
Local Authorities and NGO’s
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE - COMMUNICATION FLOW

11
4. DATA COLLECTION
DATA COLLECTION
● Existing Studies, data, documents:
-water supply; sanitation;
-urban planning; land
use;
-socio demographics;
population projections;
census; dwelling;
-geotechnical and
geologic data;
-contour lines;
-water resources,
precipitation, watersheds
and their levels, rivers,
streams and their flow);
- water quality analysis,
along the year and
through time since it
started to be registered -
historical data;
● Field work (existing infrastructure, characteristics and status -
cadastre);
● Water sources Catchment Boundaries and Project Area;
● Schools, Hospitals, Restaurants and Hotels, Markets, Public buildings;
● Identification of water sources for each system, respective quality and
yield;
● Water quality analysis (Historical data);
● Unit costs;

12
ID DELIVERABLE NAME
SUBMISSION
DEADLINES
D1 INCEPTION REPORT 1 month
D2 ASSESSMENT REPORT 1.5 months
D3 OPTIONS ANALYSIS REPORT 2 months
D4 FEASIBILITY ASSESSMENT REPORT 2 months
D5 DRAFT MASTER PLAN 2 months
D6 FINAL MASTER PLAN 1 month
5. WORK PLAN - DELIVERABLES

13
DELIVERABLES:
D1 – Inception Report
STAGE I
Assessment of
Existing Water and
Sanitation Situation
STAGE II
Water Supply
and Sanitation
Options Analysis
STAGE III
Feasibility
Studies and
Master Plans
STAGE 0
Inception Report
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ANALYSIS/ CAPACITATION AND KNOWLEDGE
TRANSFER
5. WORK PLAN – STAGE 0
 Activity 1.i) Team Mobilization
 Activity 1.ii) Preliminary assessment of the Information to collect
 Activity 1.iii) Stakeholder Identification
 Activity 1.iv) Methodology and Work Plan Definition
 Activity 1.v) Preparation and Presentation of Findings – Kick-off Meeting
 Activity 1.vi) Preparation of D1 - Inception Report - Draft Report
 Activity 1.vii) Client Review
 Activity 1.viii) Incorporating comments and final edition of D1 - Inception Report

14
5. WORK PLAN – STAGE 0
No.
05-Oct
12-Oct
19-Oct
26-Oct
02-Nov
09-Nov
16-Nov
23-Nov
30-Nov
07-Dec
14-Dec
21-Dec
28-Dec
04-Jan
11-Jan
18-Jan
25-Jan
0. Stage 0 – InceptionReport 1.00
D1 - InceptionReport 1.00
Activity1.i) Team Mobilization 0.25
Activity1.ii) Preliminary assessment of theInformationto collect 0.50
Activity1.iii) Stakeholder Identification 0.50
Activity1.iv) Methodology and WorkPlanDefinition 0.50
Activity1.v) Preparationand Presentationof Findings - Kick-off Meeting 0.30
Activity1.vi) Preparationof D1 - InceptionReport - Draft Report 0.30
Activity1.vii) Client Review 0.25
Activity1.viii) Incorporating comments and final editionof D1 - InceptionReport 0.25
D1 - Inception Report
TOTAL
[months]
1 2 3 4
Deliverables/ PhasesandActivities
Months/Weeks
Inception
Report
Criticalactivity
CriticalPath
Meetingforreportpresentation/ discussion
DraftreportsandproductsoftheConsulting
FinalreportsandproductsoftheConsulting
Legend:
Consulting Phase / Deliverable
Consulting Activity
Client Review
Public Consultation and Validation Workshops

15
DELIVERABLES:
D2 – Assessment of
Existing Situation
Report
STAGE I
Assessment of
Existing Water and
STAGE II
Water Supply
and Sanitation
Options Analysis
STAGE III
Feasibility
Studies and
Master Plans
STAGE 0
Inception Report
TRANSFER
5. WORK PLAN – STAGE I
 Activity 2.i) Institutional, Policy and Regulatory Framework Review
 Activity 2.ii) Delineation of Project Area
 Activity 2.iii) Review of Previous and On-going Activities
 Activity 2.iv) Data collection and Review
 Activity 2.v) Field Investigations and Consultations
 Activity 2.vi) Identification and Assessment of existing Infrastructures and Services
 Activity 2.vii) Assessment of Key Environmental Conditions and Hydrological
Resources
 Activity 2.viii) Demography, Land-use and Socio-economic Profiling
 Activity 2.ix) Assessment of the Performance of the Existing Institutional,
Management, Service Delivery and Financing Arrangements

16
D2 – Assessment of
Existing Situation
Report (cont.)
STAGE I
Assessment of
Existing Water and
STAGE II
Water Supply
and Sanitation
Options Analysis
STAGE III
Feasibility
Studies and
Master Plans
STAGE 0
Inception Report
TRANSFER
 Activity 2.x) Review on-site sanitation and faecal sludge management practices
 Activity 2.xi) GIS Analysis and Mapping
 Activity 2.xii) Identification and Characterization of Key Issues, Challenges and
Constraints
 Activity 2.xiii) Preparation and Presentation of Findings
 Activity 2.xiv) Preparation of the D2 - Assessment Report of Water Supply and
Sanitation (draft report)
 Activity 2. xv) Client Review
 Activity 2.xvi) Incorporating comments and final edition of the D2 - Assessment
Report of Water Supply and Sanitation

17
No.
05-Oct
12-Oct
19-Oct
26-Oct
02-Nov
09-Nov
16-Nov
23-Nov
30-Nov
07-Dec
14-Dec
21-Dec
28-Dec
04-Jan
11-Jan
18-Jan
25-Jan
1. Stage I – A
ssessment of E
xisting Water and Sanitation Situation 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 3.00
D2 – A
ssessment Report of Water Supply and Sanitation 0.00
A
ctivity 2.i) Institutional, Policy and Regulatory Framework Review 0.75
A
ctivity 2.ii) Delineation of C
atchment Boundaries and Project Area 0.30
A
ctivity 2.iii) Review of Previous and O
n-going Activities 0.50
A
ctivity iv) Data collection and Review 1.00
A
ctivity 2.v) Field Investigations and C
onsultations 0.75
A
ctivity 2.vi) Identification and Assessment of existing Infrastructures and Services 0.70
A
ctivity 2.vii) Assessment of Key E
nvironmental C
onditions and Hydrological Resources 0.30
A
ctivity 2.viii) Demography, Land-use and Socio-economic Profiling 0.70
A
ctivity 2.ix) Assessment of the Performance of the E
xisting Institutional, Management, Service
Delivery and Financing Arrangements
1.00
A
ctivity 2.x) Review on-site sanitation and faecal sludge management practices 0.30
A
ctivity 2.xi) G
IS Analysis and Mapping 1.25
A
ctivity 2.xii) Identification and C
haracterization of Key Issues, C
hallenges and C
onstraints 0.75
A
ctivity 2.xiii) Preparation and presentation of findings 0.40
A
ctivity 2.xiv) Preparation of the D2 - Assessment Report of Water Supply and Sanitation (draft
report)
0.40
A
ctivity 2. xv) C
lient Review 0.40
A
ctivity 2.xvi) Incorporating comments and final edition of the D2 - Assessment Report of Water
Supply and Sanitation
0.25
D2 – A
ssessment R
eport of Water Supply and Sanitation
Months /Weeks
TO
TA
L
[months]
3 4
Deliverables / Phases and A
ctivities
1 2
Assessment Report of Water
Supply and Sanitation

18
DELIVERABLES:
D3 - Water Supply and
Sanitation Options
Analysis Report
STAGE I
Assessment of
Existing Water and
STAGE II
Water Supply
and Sanitation
Options Analysis
STAGE III
Feasibility
Studies and
Master Plans
STAGE 0
Inception Report
TRANSFER
5. WORK PLAN – STAGE II
 Activity 3.i) Identification of Potential Options and Solutions
 Activity 3.ii) Develop.Methodology for Screening Solutions, Options
Assessment
 Activity 3.iii) Collection of Additional Data Required for the Assessment
 Activity 3.iv) Determin.of Preliminary Cost Estimates and Potential Benefits
 Activity 3.v) Options Assessment
 Activity 3.vi) Solutions Rank.,Determin.of Short, Medium, Long-Term Priorities
 Activity 3.vii) Preparation and Presentation of Findings
 Activity 3.viii) Prep.of D3-Water Supply and Sanitation Options Analysis Rpt (draft
rpt)
 Activity 3.ix) Client Review
 Activity 3.x) Incorpor.comments, final ed. D3-Water Supply Sanitation Options

19
5. WORK PLAN – STAGE II
No.
07-Jan
14-Jan
21-Jan
28-Jan
04-Feb
11-Feb
18-Feb
25-Feb
03-Mar
10-Mar
17-Mar
24-Mar
31-Mar
07-Apr
14-Apr
21-Apr
2. Stage II – Water SupplyandSanitationOptionsAnalysis 3.00
D3 - Water SupplyandSanitationOptionsAnalysisReport 3.00
Activity3.i) Identificationof Potential Options and Solutions 0.25 1.00
Activity3.ii) Development of theMethodology for Screening Solutions and Options Assessment 0.25 0.25 0.75
Activity3.iii) Collectionof Additional DataRequired for theAssessment 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.50
Activity3.iv) Determinationof Preliminary Cost Estimates and Potential Benefits 0.25 0.25 1.00
Activity3.v) Options Assessment 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 1.00
Activity3.vi) Solutions Ranking and Determinationof short, Medium and Long Term Priorities 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.40
Activity3.vii) Preparationand Presentationof Findings 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.75
Activity3.viii) Preparationof theD3 - Water Supply and SanitationOptions Analysis Report (draft
report)
0.25 0.25 1.00
Activity3.ix) Client Review 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.30
Activity3.x) Incorporating comments and final editionof theD3 - Water Supply and Sanitation
Options Analysis Report
0.25 0.25
D3.1 - Water Supply and Sanitation Options Analysis Report – Ainaro
D3.2 - Water Supply and Sanitation Options Analysis Report – Maliana
D3.3 - Water Supply and Sanitation Options Analysis Report – Suai
Months/Weeks
TOTAL
[months]
3 4 5 6
Water Supply and Sanitation
Options Analysis Report

20
DELIVERABLES:
D4 – Feasibility
Studies Report
STAGE I
Assessment of
Existing Water and
STAGE II
Water Supply
and Sanitation
Options Analysis
STAGE III
Feasibility
Studies and
Master Plans
STAGE 0
Inception Report
TRANSFER
5. WORK PLAN – STAGE III
 Activity 4.i) Prep.Preliminary Technical Designs for Agreed Project
Components
 Activity 4.ii) Develop.of ToR for Detailed Engineering Design,Preparation
Procurement Plan
 Activity 4.iii) Environmental and Social Assessments
 Activity 4.iv) Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA)
 Activity 4.v) Preparation and Presentation of Feasible Solutions
 Activity 4.vi) Prep.D4-Feasib.Assess.Rpt.-Prior.Water S.&Sanit.Invest.(draft rpt)
 Activity 4.vii) Client Review
 Activity 4.viii) Incorp.comments, final edition D4 –
Feasib.Assess.Rpt.Prior.W.S.&S.Invest.

21
No.
01-Feb
08-Feb
15-Feb
22-Feb
01-Mar
08-Mar
15-Mar
22-Mar
29-Mar
05-A
pr
12-A
pr
19-A
pr
26-A
pr
03-May
10-May
17-May
24-May
31-May
07-Jun
14-Jun
21-Jun
3. Stage III – FeasibilityStudiesandMaster Plans 3.00
D4 - FeasibilityAssessmentReportofPriorityWater SupplyandSanitationInvestment 3.00
Activity4.i) Preparationof Preliminary Technical Designs for theAgreed Project Components 0.75
Activity4.ii) Development of Terms of Referencefor theDetailed Engineering Designand
Preparationof aProcurement Plan
0.75
Activity4.iii) Environmental and Social Assessments 1.00
Activity4.iv) Economic and Financial Analysis 0.75
Activity4.v) Preparationand Presentationof FeasibleSolutions 0.50
Activity4.vi) Preparationof theD4 - Feasibility Assessment Report of Priority Water Supply and
SanitationInvestment (draft report)
0.85
Activity4.vii) Client Review 0.50
Activity4.viii) Incorporating comments and final editiontheD4 - Feasibility Assessment Report of
Priority Water Supply and SanitationInvestment
0.50
D4.1 - FeasibilityAssessment Report of PriorityWater SupplyandSanitationInvestment – Ainaro
D4.2 - FeasibilityAssessment Report of PriorityWater SupplyandSanitationInvestment – Maliana
D4.3 - FeasibilityAssessment Report of PriorityWater SupplyandSanitationInvestment – Suai
Months/Weeks
TOTAL
[months]
8 9
5 6 7
Feasibility Assessment Report of Priority
Water Supply and Sanitation Investment

22
DELIVERABLES:
D5 – Draft Master Plan
D6 – Final Master Plan
STAGE I
Assessment of
Existing Water and
STAGE II
Water Supply
and Sanitation
Options Analysis
STAGE III
Feasibility
Studies and
Master Plans
STAGE 0
Inception Report
TRANSFER
 Activity 5.i) Compilation of Results of Previous Stages
 Activity 5.ii) Investments Planning and Recommendations
 Activity 5.iii) Preparation and Presentation of Findings
 Activity 5.iv) Preparation of the Draft Master Plan
 Activity 6.i) Client Review
 Activity 6.ii) Incorporating comments and final edition the D6 - Final Master
Plan
 Activity 6.iii) Preparation of the Final Master Plan
 Activity 6.vi) Presentation of the Final Master Plans at National Level

23
No.
01-Feb
08-Feb
15-Feb
22-Feb
01-Mar
08-Mar
15-Mar
22-Mar
29-Mar
05-Apr
12-Apr
19-Apr
26-Apr
03-May
10-May
17-May
24-May
31-May
07-Jun
14-Jun
21-Jun
3. Stage III – FeasibilityStudiesandMaster Plans 3.00
D5 - DraftMaster Plan 2.00
Activity5.i) Compilationof Results of Previous Stages 0.40
Activity5.ii) Investments Planning and Recommendations 1.50
Activity5.iii) Preparationand Presentationof Findings 0.50
Activity5.iv) Preparationof theD5 - Draft Master Plan 1.00
D5.1 - Draft Master Plan– Ainaro
D5.2 - Draft Master Plan– Maliana
D5.3 - Draft Master Plan– Suai
D6 - Final Master Plan 2.00
Activity6.i) Client Review 1.00
Activity6.ii) Incorporating comments and final editiontheD6 - Final Master Plan 1.50
Activity6.iii) Preparationand Presentationof theFinal Master Planat National Level 1.00
D6.1 - Final Master Plan– Ainaro
D6.2 - Final Master Plan– Maliana
D6.3 - Final Master Plan– Suai
Months/Weeks
TOTAL
[months]
8 9
5 6 7
Draft Master Plans
Final Master Plans

24
DELIVERABLES:
D6 – Final Master Plan
STAGE I
Assessment of
Existing Water and
STAGE II
Water Supply
and Sanitation
Options Analysis
STAGE III
Feasibility
Studies and
Master Plans
STAGE 0
Inception Report
TRANSFER
 Activity 6.i) Client Review
 Activity 6.ii) Incorporating comments and final edition the D6 - Final Master Plan
 Activity 6.iii) Preparation of the D6.1 - Final Master Plan of Ainaro
 Activity 6.iv) Preparation of the D6.2 - Final Master Plan of Maliana
 Activity 6.v) Preparation of the D6.3 - Final Master Plan of Suai
 Activity 6.vi) Presentation of the Final Master Plans at National Level

25
6. TEAM-HUMAN RESOURCES
Support Team
ST-1 Water Supply & Sanitation in Developing Countries
ST-2 Citywide Inclusive Sanitation
ST-3 Strategic Options and Planning; Asset Management
ST-4 Hydraulic Modelling; Water Safety
ST-5 Laboratory, Analyses and Water Quality
The Team positions
are presented in the
tables:
ID Position
Key Experts (International)
KEI-1 Water Supply & Sanitation Engineer / Team Leader
KEI-2
Social, Poverty and Gender Specialist
KEI-3 Water Resources Specialist
KEI-4 Water Quality & Water Treatment Specialist
KEI-5 Geographic Information System (GIS) / Computer-Aided Design (CAD)
KEI-6 Water and Sanitation Economics and Finance Specialist
KEI-7 Environmental and Climate Change Specialist
KEI-8 Social Safeguards Specialist
Key Experts (National)
KEN-1 Water Supply and Sanitation Engineer / Deputy Team Leader
KEN-2 Social Poverty and Gender Specialist
KEN-3 Water Resources Engineer
KEN-4 Water Quality Technician
KEN-5 Environmental Specialist
KEN-6 GPS/CAD Operator
KEN-7 Logistics and Support Assistant

• Chefes Suco interviews, February and March 2021;
• House hold Survey was held in August 2021;
• Hydraulic Modelling with EPANET;
• Water Flow Measurement (WFM), September 2021;
• Water Quality Analysis Campaign (WQA), September 2021;
• Focus Discussion Groups (FDG) for Gender, October 2021;
• The Preliminary Ressetlement Action Plan (PRAP), January 2022.
NATIONAL TEAM
Main Tasks
26
6. TEAM-MAIN TASKS

27
7. SUAI – EXISTING SITUATION
DWELLINGS AND
PUBLIC BUILDINGS

28
WATER SUPPLY
SYSTEMS AND
INFRASTRUCTURES

29
WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
PRESSURE ANALYSIS

30
ALTIMETRY SCHEME

31
HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT
DIAGRAMS

32
SANITATION
INFRASTRUCTURES

33
Existing Water Supply System and Service:
1. The poor state of the infrastructures, lack of knowledge of transmission
transmission lines and water distribution networks;
2. The existence of illegal connections;.
3. The installation of pipes not buried or shallow depth, without
knowledge about quality and hydraulic performance.
4. The low storage capacity of the water tanks and their location;
5. Need to improve water sources and water treatment plants (WTP);
The construction of new water supply systems will be the best option to
to achieve control and optimize operation and maintenance (O&M),
water losses, reasonable consumption, service working 24hours/day, 7
days/week.

34
8. OPTIONS ANALYSIS
A water supply and sanitation master plan after identification of
water sources, must be supported by a urban development plan,
where we can find answers for the following questions:
- How much water is needed;
- Where the water will be needed;
- When the water will be needed.
The urban development plans are under elaboration.
Engineering team needed to collect information and meet municipal
authorities to identify the future needs for municipal capital and find
the answer for the aforementioned three questions.

GENERAL LAYOUT_O1A1
35
8. OPTIONS ANALYSIS - 1

ALTIMETRY SCHEME_O1A1
36
8. OPTIONS ANALYSIS -1

ENERGY LINE-SUAI O1A1
37
1. Elevation Data (Nasa + Google Earth)
2. Tool : Global Mapper
3. Output: Digital Terrain Model (DTM)
4. QGIS + Civil 3D + Autocad ->
Longitudinal profiles
5. Hydraulic calculations - Excel

GENERAL LAYOUT_O1A2
38

ALTIMETRY SCHEME_O1A2
39

ENERGY LINE-SUAI O1A2
40

O1A2.Mountain, gravity flow, no pumping systems needed, is more reliable, less O&M;
The water sources are 26km far from Bereloik WTP.
O1A1.Road, two pumping systems, 81 mH2O and 94 mH2O.
This solution is the third with the lowest investment of the three, even if not considering
the energy cost of 1.88M$. The water sources are 30.7km far from Bereloik WTP.
O2A1.Aquifer, this solution relies on three existing boreholes and eight new boreholes,
three pumping stations, one for Tabacolot Water Tank, another to Santa Rosa Water Tank,
and the third to Bonuc Water Tank. From Santa Rosa Water Tank a pumping station to
Baulela Water Tank.
This solution depends on aquifer sustainability and energy. Energy cost estimation for 20
years is almost 5.15M$.
On the environmental factor, there are important impacts regarding the future
sustainability of this water resource, possible saline intrusion and hydrocarbon
contamination.
8. OPTIONS ANALYSIS

• The option O1A1.Road needs pumping stations, energy and more costs with
O&M procedures and teams to operate and maintain;
• Recommended option O1A2.Mountain, reliable, lowest investment considering
energy.
• O2A1.Aquifer is the option with lowest investment, but highly expensive in
energy and O&M. And low reliability for an option with 11 boreholes, 4 pumping
stations and a water source with the possibility of saline intrusion from the
ocean, hydrocarbon contamination and future sustainability.
• The increase of groundwater abstraction on the coast could lead to the
salinization of the boreholes. In-depth hydrogeology studies will have to be
carried out to define the wells' location and maximum flow rate.
• There is enough water, but it is not infinite. This applies to the aquifer with
particular sensitive. The challenge is to manage this scarce resource, so that
everyone has access, in quantity and quality accordingly to national standards.
42
8. OPTIONS ANALYSIS

WATER SOURCES, WATER FLOW MEASUREMENT, SEPTEMBER 2021
• Wemasei (Dato Rua), 60 , 43 Lps, 75% of total flow;
• Naes (Lactos), 40 Lps, 32 Lps, 78% of total flow;
• Wekbotuk (Dato Tolu), 35 Lps, 32 Lps, 89% of total flow;
Aquifer, three boreholes: Sukabi Laran I; Sukabi Laran II; Ladi, a total of 35 ;
Boreholes for backup and increase service resilience;
Water Quality and Treatment:
• Calgon injection (Naes - Lactos);
• Filtration, Chlorine injection (Bereloik);
Wemasei Spring, September 2021

WATER BALANCE-SUAI
Year Unit 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Urban Population persons 26,857 37,632 35,900 38,322 44,630
Population served by BTL % 37.8% 90.0% 95.0% 96.0% 97.0%
Population served by BTL persons 10,140 33,869 34,105 36,789 43,291
by House connection % 84.2% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
by House connection persons 8,537 33,869 34,105 36,789 43,291
by Public Taps % 15.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
by Public Taps persons 1,603 0 0 0 0
Per capita Consumption
House connection lcd 100 120 120 120 120
p/conn 6.9 6.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
Public Taps lcd 30 30 30 30 30
Custumers Projection Conn's 1,514 5,705 6,891 7,437 8,748
House connection Conn's 1,231 5,645 6,821 7,357 8,658
Public Taps Conn's 229 0 0 0 0
Other social incl govt Offices Conn's 22 25 30 35 40
General - Commercial Conn's 32 35 40 45 50
Total Demand (Daily Mean;MDD) m3pd 1,020 4,194 4,243 4,585 5,385
Domestic Demand m3pd 902 4,064 4,093 4,415 5,195
Non-domestic demand m3pd 118 130 150 170 190
Leakage Rate % 48.6% 25.0% 20.0% 20.0% 20.0%
Leakage m3pd 963 1,398 1,061 1,146 1,346
Leakage 11.1 16.2 12.3 13.3 15.6
Total Demand (Daily Max;PDD, f=1.2)
m3pd 2,379 6,711 6,364 6,877 8,077
27.5 77.7 73.7 79.6 93.5
Reservoir m3 877 6,800 6,400 6,900 8,100
Reservoir Construction Capacity m3 0 8,100 8,100 8,100 8,100
1 day 1 day 1 day 1 day
Total Production
m3pd 1,983 8,077 8,077 8,077 8,077
23.0 93.5 93.5 93.5 93.5
• Per capita 120 l/inhab./day;
• 26 857 inhab. year 2020;
• 44 630 inhab. year 2040;
• Leakage rate 49%, year 2020;
• Leakage rate 20%, year 2040;
• Water Tank capacity 8500m3;
• Average demand: 5385m3/day (62.3 );
• Productivity - Daily Max (+20%) and
leakage (93.5 +12.5=106 );
• Tasi Mane Project water needs
for SSB and NSC considered;

SUAI WATER SOURCES WATER CONSUMPTION ()
36.2
34.4
33.1
33.1
32.9
34.6
34.7
35.1
35.3
37.0
37.0
39.3
39.7
40.8
41.8
42.6
27.0
25.6
24.6
24.6
24.5
25.8
25.8
26.1
26.3
27.5
27.5
29.2
29.5
30.4
31.1
31.7
27.0
25.6
24.6
24.6
24.5
25.8
25.8
26.1
26.3
27.5
27.5
29.2
29.5
30.4
31.1
31.7
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
Suai Water Sources and Water Consumption ()
Wemasei (Dato Rua)
Naes (Lactos)
Wekbotuk (Dato Tolu)

GENERAL LAYOUT

PRESSURE ZONES

ALTIMETRY SCHEME

HYDRAULIC FLOW SCHEME
Water Distribution Network
Pressure Zone
Water Tank/BPT
Water Treatment Plant
Water Resources
(m3/day) ()
Wemasei 3715 (43) Elev.917m
Naes 2765 (32) Elev.935m
Wekbotuk 2765 (32) Elev.680m
Total 9245 m/day (107 )
(m3/day) ()
WTP Bereloik 9245 (107 )
Water Tank 2000 m3 Elev.211m
BPT Baulela Elev.150m
BackUp/Resilience
Aquifer, Boreholes Depth 80m
(m3/day) ()
BH Sukabi Laran 634 (11) Elev. 21m
BH Sukabi Laran II 691 (12) Elev. 15m
Ladi 691 (12) Elev. 26m
Total 2016 (35)
WT Sta.Rosa 2000m3 Elev.105m
WT Tabacolot 1000m3 Elev.75m
BPT Tabacolot Elev. 65m
WT Matai 500m3 Elev.65m
WT Bonuc 2000m3 Elev. 105m
WT Dais 1000m3 Elev.65m
Pressure Zone 1
Pressure Zone 4
Pressure Zone 5
Pressure Zone 2
Pressure Zone 3

RAW WATER TRANSMISSION, WATER
SOURCES-WTP
Material DN PN Length
(-) (mm) (bar) (m)
HPDE 250 12.5 12009
HPDE 250 16 2066
DIP 250 25 4612
HPDE 315 12.5 6457
HPDE 315 20 662
DIP 300 25 1750
DIP 300 30 760
Total 28316
DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
HDPE.PN12.5 AINARO
DN (mm) Length (m)
63 48485
110 13326
125 4754
160 19177
200 8047
250 5031
315 26
Total 98846
WATER TANKS CAPACITY
(m3)
Water Tank Bereloik 2000
Water Tank St. Rosa 2000
Water Tank Tabacolot 1000
Water Tank Bonuc 2000
Water Tank Matai 500
Water Tank Dais 1000
Total 8500
BPTs 6
Service Connections Quantity (un.)
Domestic, Institutional,
Commercial and Industrial 8748
TRANSMISSION MAINS
HDPE.PN12.5 Length
DN (mm) (m)
160 28725
200 5319
225 4408
250 2766
315 3646
400 3480
Total 48345
area (km2)
Current Water supply area 11.1
Proposed Solution área 54.1
Increased area 390%

51
10. WATER CYCLE

52
We, humans with numerous of our actions affect directly the water
cycle, and other human activities have indirect effects.
- Climate change is causing numerous changes to the water cycle. Sea
levels are rising in some areas and dropping in others, glaciers are
retreating and disappearing affecting rivers, more frequent droughts
and floods, coastlines some islands are disappearing, the polar ice cap
is melting, and so forth.
- Deforestation, for timber, coal or to clear land for agriculture or
development, increases runoff. And land sliding. Certain emissions
from industry cause acid rain .
- Chemicals used by humans pesticides, herbicides, and nitrogen for
farming runs off into rivers and streams and pollutes groundwater.
10. WATER CYCLE

53
10. WATER CYCLE

54
10. WATER CYCLE
Land use is a main issue for water resources, the trees (forests) avoid
erosion, promote infiltration and ensure water sources productivity.
Deforestation promotes erosion as it can be seen in the pictures.
Reforestation is complex, difficult. If possible, prevent deforestation.

11. WATER SOURCES PROTECTION
• What: Watershed reforestation and Aquifers;
• Why: Minimizing landslide, promoting water infiltration and therefore
future sustainability for the water sources, including aquifers;
• Who: Min.Agriculture(operation), Min.Education(schools-education),
Church’s, NGO’s, ANAS, local communities;
• How: Involvement and commitment of local communities;
• Where: Wemasei, Naes, Wekbotuk catchment areas;
Boreholes survey and water consumption control in Covalima;
• Coordination & supervision: BTL Engineer & infrastructures Department;

SANITATION MAIN STRATEGY LINES:
-> A faecal sludge treatment plant (FSTP);
-> Desludging truck with skilled operation team;
-> a septic tank desludging WorkPlan, at least each septic tank once a year;
-> "Public Toilets“, in markets, bus terminals, and good conditions for public use
(O&M);
-> Technical guidelines and technical support for construction of (communal) septic
septic tanks to avoid contamination, sewage household connections, a first step for
a possible centralized sewage system (WWTP);
-> Education, Information, Communication (EIC), Action Plan;
-> A “symbolic” sanitation tariff is very important, the proposed fix tariff 2$ per month;
12. SANITATION

12. SANITATION
• Who: Municipal Delegation of BTL supported by BTL engineering department, together with
municipal authorities and local authorities (chefe posto administrativo, chefe suco, chefe
aldeia,focalpoint);
• How: BTL will design solutions and technical drawings. Will provide construction materials
for (communal) septic tanks and pipes for household connections;
• What: Desludging truck for Septic Tanks and Plan. Team of 2 O&M operators for the
desludging truck and FSTP operation. FSTP (faecal sludge treatment plant). Public Toilets
in the urban area, strategic places, like markets, churches and for rural areas, one per village
/ local community. O&M by local communities with Focal Point / BTL supervision;
• Coordination & supervision: BTL Sanitation Department & BTL Engineering Department;
• Remarks: O&M by local communities with Focal Point/ BTL coordination, orientation,
supervision.
• - The desludge team will be responsible for septic tanks survey, identification of
areas which need infrastructures improvement;

12. SANITATION
FAECAL SLUDGE TREATMENT PLANT (FSTP) – STANDARD DRAWING
Legend:
A. Inlet Structure
B. Primary (Sludge)
Facultative Lagoon
C. Flow Distribution
Chamber
D. Secondary Aerobic
Lagoon
E. Treated Efluent /
Irrigation Storage
F. Irrigation / Tree
Cropping Area
G. Control Room

12. SANITATION
PUBLIC TOILET– STANDARD DRAWING
Front Elevation
Layout Plan
Segregated Toilets for Man,
Women and elderly and people
with reduced mobility

13. NEXT STEPS
SUPERVISION, REPORT, “GUIDANCE” AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT
a) Tendering process DED Consultant Selection (6 months)
b) DED (12 months)
• Review the project Lifetime from 2040 to 2050;
• Review hydraulic sizing/pressure zones according to the latest Urban Development
Plans;
• Water resources investigation, ground water (including drilling) & Surface water,
Water quality monitoring & Water flow measurements;
• Topographic Survey (Classical and Drone);
• Geotechnical investigation;
• Environment Assessment and Licensing and Social Safeguards;
c) Tendering process for Building Contractor Selection (6 months)
d) BUILDING,CONSTRUCTION PHASE & COMMISSIONING
Construction and Commissioning (O&M), 3 years;

14. COMMENTS, SUGGESTIONS,
CONCLUSIONS
Time for Comments,
Suggestions and
Conclusions

HAMUTUK ITA BELE
OBRIGADU BARAK

E1405_2022.03.16.DIT.Water.Sanitation.MP.Engineering.Studies_v1.pptx

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