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1. Towards post-modernism:
Geography in the 21st
Century,Future of Geography
Name Robiul Tarafdar
Roll No – GEO203006
DEPERTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY
ALIAH UNIVERSITY

2. POST MODERNISM
pre – modern - post
 1, Logical
 2, Rational
 3, Scientific
 4, Objective
 5, Grand Narratives( theories)
 6, Absulate Truth etc.
Postmodernism doesn’t follow modernism in a chronologic order, modernism and
postmodernism exists next to each other, but there is no conflict between the two
trends. You can say that postmodernism is the deconstruction of modernism.
It looks at the intersubjectivity instead of the objectivity, Which modernism is
focused on.

3. Introduction
There are three major pioneers of postmodernism in social Theory:
JEAN-FRANCOIS LYOTARD, MICHEL FOUCAULT, ZYGMUNT BAUMAN
1, In the late 1980’s the postmodernism became a trend in human geography.
2, Postmodernism is a theoretical approach to human geography.
3, The postmodernism rejects the theory of the modernism.
4, That means that the postmodernism doesn’t believe in the absolute truth and
that every person has it’s own truth.
5,This is for every person is different . Therefor nobody can be wrong about the
truth.
6, Everything is subjective truth.

4. CHARACTERISTICS
 There is no absolute truth
 Truth is related with the observer
 The end of reality
 Believes is knowledge power relationship
 Everything is a subjective truth
 Every person different life expriences
 No believe in unity
 Believes is multiculture

5. The postmodernism geographers outlined the
following main themes to be explored as:
 1, Moral philosophy, moral geographies and the geographer’s morality – stressing
the need to downplay the dominant economic focus of geography and to replace it
by the moral frameworks which form life.
 2, Processes of social differentiation – involving greter appreciation to
race,ethnicity, class, sexuality, age health,etc. Which have been taken for granted
in discussion of spatial differention;
 3, Constructions and boundaries of the self – How individuals define themselves
and relate to others within the context of various categories used within society
which involves interrogating psychoanalytic literature, something not previously
undertaken by geographers;
 4, Globality and territoriality – The location of individuals and group in space and
place and culture practices imvolved;
 5, Society, culture, and natural environment – Adderessing the social
construction of “nature” and “environment” their importance to approaches to
the resolution of environmental problems.

6. APPROACHES
 Historical Approaches
 Stylistic Approaches
 Theoretical Approaches

7. CRITICISMS OF POSTMODERNISM
 Rosenau(1993) identify seven contradictions in post modernism:
1) Its anti-theoretical position is essentially a theoretical stand
2) While postmodernism stresses the irrational, instruements of reason are
freely employed to advance its perspective.
3) The postmodernism focus on the marginal is itself an evaluative emphasis of
precisely the sort that it otherwise attacks.

8. The future of geography
What is geography in the 21st century?
 We could being by making the case that any individual without geography as a
significant and identifiable component of his or her education, would
probably lack expriences and opportunities that:
1) Satisfy and /or nature their curiosity about the world
2) Overly connect knowledge, to see the world as a whole develop a holistic
understanding.
3) That show links and interrelationships within and between the more physical
earth systems and human systemsdeepen spatial understanding deal with
complexity and uncertainty in real world contexts.