1. Towards post-modernism :
Geography in the 21st century, Future of Geography
NAME – MD SAMSUJJAMAN
ROLL NO – GEO203045
DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY
ALIAH UNIVERSITY
3. INTRODUCTION
The terms "postmodern "and post modernism first of all referred to new
departures in the arts, in literature, and in architecture that had their
origins back in the late 1950s, and is probably still continuing.
- Implies a relation to the modernism
-Postmodernism broadly refers to a socio-cultural and literary theory, and
a shift in perspective that has manifested in a variety of disciplines
including the social sciences, art, architecture, literature, fashion,
communications, and technology.
Postmodernism give voice to the insecurities, disorientation, and
fragmentation.
4. POSTMODERNISM:
pre– modern – post
1. Logical
2. Rational
3. scientific
4. objective
5. narratives
6. absolute truth etc.
All these are used to define modernity. when we question the modernism ,so this is
where the idea of postmodernism comes to picture .
Postmodernism : its does not follow modernism in a choronologic order, modernism and
postmodernism exists next to each other , but there is no conflict between the two trends
. You can say that postmodernism is the deconstruction of modernism .
Basically postmodernism is the reaction of modernism.
5. ORIGIN OF POSTMODERNISM :
The term "post-modernism" was used in the Latin-American literary criticism and
in the Anglo-American literary debates in the 1930s and 1940s, the main analysis
of postmodernism got force mainly in the 1970s.
Post-modernism cannot be understood by ignoring modernism. Modernism
originated from the thought of “ European Enlightment " that roughly began in
the middle of the 18th century.
The term modernity is used to donate the type of society that arose in the West
during the Enlightment.
Modernism appreciates human intellect as the significant strength and identifies
this strength as the basis of a scientific mentality. Modernity can be
characterized as an era of scientific mentality.
In literature, modernism is an aesthetic movement that got popularity from
around 1910 to 1030. The main figures of high modernism include Virginia Woolf,
James Joyce, T.S. Eliot, Ezra Pound, Marcel Proust and Franz Kafka.
6. CHARACTERISTICS
1. There is no absolute truth
2. Truth is related with the observer
3. The end of reality
4 . Believes in multicultural
5. No believe in unity
6. Social identity is constructed
7. Believes is knowledge power relationship
8. Everything is a subjective truth
9. every person different life experiences
7. Issues and Problems of Post Modernism:
1. Many readers find post-modern literature is difficult to understand. Use of
difficult language, forms and difficult jargons and terms. Ambiguous way of
explanation makes post-modern literature almost unreachable to many readers
2. Postmodernism does not contain the flavour of anything obvious but in most
cases, it is something that rejects any format or simplicity. Whatever may be the
field, whether it is art, music, architecture, literature or sociological theory, lack
of format has become the identity of postmodernity.
3. Nonetheless, the multifaceted characteristic of post-modernity makes it
bizarre. In most cases, the post-modernists highlights the problem without
pointing any solution. Many people believe that post-modernism is just a theory
and not a fact.
8. Criticisms of Postmodernism:
• Rosenau (1993) identifies seven contradictions in
postmodernism:
1. Its anti-theoretical position is essentially a
theoretical stand.
2. While postmodernism stresses the irrational,
instruments of reason are freely employed to advance
its perspective.
3. The postmodern prescription to focus on the
marginal is itself an evaluative emphasis of precisely
the sort that it otherwise attacks.
9. The future of geography
What is geography in the 21st Century?→
'We could begin by making the case that any individual without
geography as a significant and identifiable component of his or her
education, would probably lack experiences and opportunities that:
#satisfy and/or nurture their curiosity about the world
#overtly connect knowledge, to see the world as a whole develop
a holistic understanding,
that shows links and interrelationships within and between the more
physical earth systems and
human systemsdeepen spatial understandingdeal with complexity and
uncertainty in real world contexts (David Lambert, 2007)
