Solar Energy To Achieve Wa Goals For Built Environment
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Overview of solar energy in WA state
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Solar Energy To Achieve Wa Goals For Built Environment
- 1. Solar Energy to Achieve Washington’s Goals for the Built Environment JEFF COLLUM ROBIN ROGERS 17 March 2011 Robin Rogers, SolaripediaJeff Collum, Sound Power
- 2. Abstract Under present Washington law, public schools and state-funded agencies’ facilities greater than 25,000 square feet must meet stringent green standards and reduce energy use over prior years by at least 10 percent. Legislation also mandates that by 2031, all Washington homes and buildings must achieve zero fossil-fuel greenhouse gas emissions. On a national level, US DOE has a zero energy goal for all new commercial buildings by 2030, and by 2050 for all existing buildings. It is virtually impossible to achieve zero energy buildings without on-site power generation since the very definition of a zero energy building is that it must generate as much power as it consumes. Renewable energy, and in particular, solar energy, may be the most advantageous currently-available technology to make this happen. But no renewable technology is free, and most are not cheap. So how do we promote the use of these technologies?
- 3. What Does It Take? Overcoming barriers Incentives Regional manufacturers Availability of product Commitment Money Skilled workers Jobs
- 4. Reduction in Energy Use >Code WA State SB 5509 set green building requirements for new, major renovations Reduce energy by 10% min (plus vehicles) K-12 schools 10% energy use reduction Homes and buildings ZERO energy by 2031 Seattle Aquarium
- 5. WA Utilities & Renewables Required to provide 15% from renewables by 2020 (for serving >25,000 customers) Out of 62 utilities in WA 17 qualify with 84% of WA’s load
- 6. Washington State Unique performance-based 5101 á la German approach Earn 15 cents per kilowatt hour up to $5K Fixed over ten years Multipliers if equipment from WA state Solar = slow payoff but durable, long-lived technology This incentive considered low Ten years considered too short due to long solar payback Money not from ratepayers as most FITs
- 7. Washington Production Incentives Northwest Solar Center
- 8. Seattle Solar Easement Residential Solar Photovoltaic Systems in Seattle *2009 installation numbers are only through July of that year. Source: Seattle Net Metered Accounts, Seattle City Light, 2009
- 9. WA Sunlight Rights No guarantee for access to sunlight Voluntary agreement for solar easements HOAs cannot prohibit homeowners from installing solar panels Bullitt Foundation Headquarters, Living Building
- 10. “Living” Building Must produce as much energy as it uses Bertschi School, Seattle
- 11. Green Building Program Leverage? LEED, Green Globes Are these helping? Not really… Not usually embedded in project – solar is often an afterthought Architecturally, shading, conduit locations, power rooms, etc. need up-front attention Solar 4 R Schools – 1.1 K system grants Living Building, however…...
- 13. Annual credit for producing grid-tied solar power (‘til 2014)
- 14. If equipment manufactured in WA, qualify for accelerated kilowatt credit multiplier (.36/KwH up to $2000 a year)
- 15. Must re-apply each year with documentation of kWhs
- 16. Tenants (not owner) not eligible for the credit
- 18. Three WA Manufacturers Solar modules – Silicon Energy Inverters – Outback Power Systems & Silicon Energy Solar Cells and Modules - REC
- 19. Inverter Manufactured in WA
- 20. Overseas Manufacturers Manufacturing incentives usually help overseas companies – Asia & Europe China = 51% - coal used to manufacture, plus transport
- 21. Oregon’s Mandates Renewable Energy Standard 2007, requiring utilities to provide 25 percent from renewable sources of energy by 2025 Public entities required to spend 1.5% of their construction budgets for new or renovated buildings on on-site solar 2009 law requires 25 megawatts of new solar electric systems from homes and small-scale commercial systems within five years Two largest electric utilities must develop or purchase the equivalent of 20 megawatts of solar power annually within a decade
- 22. Oregon FIT Oregon power companies to buy solar power Funded by ratepayers Tariff locked in at 58.5 cents/hour for 15 years Re-sell same electricity at 8 cents per kWh Goes down 10% each time offered
- 25. Solarize Portland, Oregon http://www.solaripedia.com/files/
- 26. California About 85% of all solar installations in the country ~20% of their total energy mix comes from renewable sources – goal for 30% by 2020 Last fall, LA pubic utility voted to reduce solar incentives Governator on Sam’s Club Roof in California Photo: David McNew Getty Images
- 27. Germany Germany’s Renewable Energy Act of 2000 helped put the country at the top in the solar industry. Germany generates over half of the world's solar electricity Two-thirds of Germany is farther north than Seattle As of 2010 Germany was the world’s third-largest manufacturer of solar modules Its industry grew from 1,500 jobs in 1999 to 74,500 in 2008, according to data from Washington Solar Incentives but……
- 28. Impact of Solar Incentives Analysis finds strong participation response to incentives in many states after 2006 (when federal investment tax credit was reinstated for residential installations and was increased for non-residential installations) Recent participation correlates to combination of state and federal incentives Tax programs typically spent far less per participant than the cash incentives THE IMPACT OF SOLAR INCENTIVE PROGRAMS IN TEN STATES http://www.solaripedia.com/files/848
- 29. PVs Installed in US
- 31. Estimated PV Cost Projections DOE program and independent estimates for PV system costs.
- 32. Potential Available Rooftops Residential and commercial rooftop space in the U.S. could accommodate up to 710,000 MW of solar electric power (if all rooftops were fully utilized, taking into account proper orientation of buildings, shading from trees, HVAC equipment, and other solar access factors) For comparison, total electricity-generating capacity in the U.S. today is about 950,000 MW (2005)
- 33. Rooftop PV Potential in 2015(Independent of economics) Source: NREL 2008 www.nrel.gov/docs/fy08osti/42306.pdf
- 34. Washington Potential in MW www.nrel.gov/docs/fy08osti/42306.pdf
- 35. Transportation & Vehicles Impact on transportation of renewable energy V2G – vehicle to grid considerations LA is expected to encounter the largest growth in PHEVs over the next couple of years Projection: 119,069 EVs by 2019 LA’s power comes from coal 52%, natural gas 26%, nuclear 11% and hydro 6% - green ~5% Seattle – hydro 91%, nuclear 4% (WA ¾ hydro) Evs - the size of the environmental footprint depends on which sources of power are used to “fuel” the EV
- 36. Solar Jobs Market As of August 2010, U.S. solar industry employs estimated 93,000 solar workers - defined as workers who spend at least 50% of their time supporting solar-related activities Over the next 12 months, more than 50% of solar firms expect to add jobs, while only 2% expect to cut workers. http://bit.ly/jobscensus
- 37. Solar Jobs
- 39. Washington Green Jobs www.energy.wsu.edu/.../Green_Jobs_in_Washington_State_2010.pdf http://communityinnovation.berkeley.edu/reports/cci-ucb_innovating-green-econ-ca-regions_2010.pdf
- 40. Solar Jobs
- 44. Insulation, windows, air/vapor sealing, siding
- 45. Reduce energy consumption inside
- 46. Appliances, furnace, water heater, lightinghttp://apps1.eere.energy.gov/consumer/your_home/energy_audits/index.cfm/mytopic=11190
- 47. Critical considerations Site and orientation Shading Durability of installation – good quality Installer is familiar with 690 of electrical code – standardized thru new 2011 for solar PV – electrician and meteorologist/astronomer Installer to have electrical contractor license and card-carrying trainees under journeyman
- 51. Tani Creek Farm SOLAR - 29 kW system
- 52. Capitol Hill Home SOLAR - 3 kW
- 53. Mountlake Terrace Transit Center SOLAR - 5.5 kW
- 54. Frog Pond Farm SOLAR - 25.6 kW on three buildings
- 55. High Point Neighborhood SOLAR - 73.6 kW system
- 56. Wild Horse Wind & Solar Facility WIND - 273 megawatts (MW) of electricity SOLAR - 500 kilowatts (kW) of electricity from as much annual sunshine as Houston, Texas
- 57. Teanaway Solar Reserve House Bill 1365 allows to be eligible for double renewable energy credits Power purchase agreement with utility 75 MW on 477 acres, 400K panels 250 jobs for two years, 30 permanent jobs
- 58. Renewable @ 3 Percent What happens when sun doesn’t shine? Then what happens when renewables are at 30% of our power? Need storage – pumped hydro (uphill to existing dams)?
- 60. Federal tax credits for energy efficiency http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=products.pr_tax_credits
Editor's Notes
- Under present Washington law, public schools and state-funded agencies’ facilities greater than 25,000 square feet must meet stringent green standards and reduce energy use over prior years by at least 10 percent. Legislation also mandates that by 2031, all Washington homes and buildings must achieve zero fossil-fuel greenhouse gas emissions. On a national level, US DOE has a zero energy goal for all new commercial buildings by 2030, and by 2050 for all existing buildings. It is virtually impossible to achieve zero energy buildings without on-site power generation since the very definition of a zero energy building is that it must generate as much power as it consumes. Renewable energy, and in particular, solar energy, may be the most advantageous currently-available technology to make this happen. But no renewable technology is free, and most are not cheap. So how do we promote the use of these technologies?This presentation is a practical explanation and examination of Washington law and its regulatory scheme relating to renewable technologies. It will discuss property rights, and state and federal solar incentives and tax abatements, including the performance-based SB5101, analyzing what is working and how we can help move Washington towards its mandated energy goals for the built environment. It will also address the renewable energy jobs market.
- Issues – explain a little Facilitates, economics, barriers -
- Today’s world market for solar has an estimated value of $25 billion in annual salesindustry has grown by over 25 percent annually for the past 20 years.
- In May 2005, Washington enacted Senate Bill 5101, establishing production incentives of $0.12 to $0.54 per kilowatt-hour (kWh), capped at 5,000 per year for individuals, businesses, and local governments that generate electricity from solar power, wind power or anaerobic digesters. The incentive amount paid to the producer starts at a base rate of $0.15/kWh 9 (0.30 for community solar) and is adjusted according to how the electricity was generated by multiplying the incentive by the following factors:•For electricity produced using solar modules manufactured in Washington state: 2.4 •For electricity produced using a solar or wind generator equipped with an inverter manufactured in Washington state: 1.2 •For electricity produced using an anaerobic digester, by other solar equipment, or using a wind generator equipped with blades manufactured in Washington state: 1.0 •For all other electricity produced by wind: 0.8Ownership of the renewable-energy credits (RECs) associated with generation remains with the customer-generator and does not transfer to the state or utility. The state's utilities will pay the incentives and earn a tax credit equal to the cost of those payments. The credit may not exceed the greater of $100,000 or 1% of a utility’s taxable power sales. The incentive amount may be uniformly reduced if requests for the incentive exceed the available funds. The Washington Department of Revenue (DOR) is responsible for submitting a report measuring the impacts of this legislation, including any change in the number of solar energy system manufacturing companies in Washington, and the effects on job creation, such as the number of jobs created for Washington residents. The incentives apply to power generated as of July 1, 2005, and remain in effect through June 30, 2020. A utility may not claim any tax credits for incentive payments after June 30, 2016.
- Maybe set a regional-based solar rights laws based on the growth management regions (the Puget Sound, Western Washington and Eastern Washington Growth Management Act Regions) need 14+ years of sunlight on PV system in Seattle to payback (14- 20 year payback estimated) United States has held that there is no common-law right to sunlight – so laws must be local 34+ states have solar easements/access lawsCity of Ashland, Oregon• Establishes a procedure for a obtaining a solar access permit to protect a solarenergy system from vegetation that would shade the collector.
- IRONY - Greenest building gets stopped by green regs….A potential 65 to 75 foot high, six-floor commercial building Essentially, the building will overshadow its neighbors, who say they have enjoyed sunny decks and downtown views for years. As designed, the building will hit the edge of the property line and neighbors will have as little as five feet of breathing room or a maximum of 10 feet of space from the large building. Plus, some said their sunny decks will be overshadowed by the building, which will be taller than any other in the area. One concerned neighbor called it a "solar rights issue.“As of February, this project was undergoing administrative appeals for EIS and SEPA - State Environmental Policy Act
- One hundred percent of the project’s energy needs must be supplied by on-site renewable energy on a net annual basis.
- Must achieve LEED Silver for example, but LEED does not include renewablesrqmtsUp to 3 points out of 100 point available for renewable energyGreen Globes 45 points for renewable energyout of 360 in energy on 1000 point scaleSchools must meet LEED or WA state schools protocol, but no rqmts for solar5854 sets goal for zero fossil fuel greenhouse gas emission homes and buildings by 2031 – can’t get there without renewables….
- the annual $2,000 cap on payments per year in Washington seems low. Started with 75 systems – now 2,000 + so seems to be workingIn comparison to other progressive state’s energy policies, Washington does little to offer much in terms of an across the board rebate or tax break for those installing solar systems. Maybe the gradual rebate of up to $2000 per year supports long term energy efficiency instead of just getting solar panels on roofs?Businesses are required therefore to make upfront financial investment necessary to justify the cost without such a rebate. So prohibitive to initially go solar Oregon - a $70,000 installation cap for businesses provided through the Oregon Energy Trust (their rates are lower for power, tho). Uniqueness of performance-based 5101 etc. a la German approach - Aachen Is a fair and hopefully more effective and efficient system of inducement
- Spawned some other businesses and orgs:Tangerine Power – buy shares in a sort of cooperative arrangement Solarize Seattle – after the Portland program – bulk purchasing – tends to lock out smaller suppliers who can’t compete at the same pricesSolarize Queen Anne
- REC – in second place behind China for mfg - Norway’s REC took second place with 1,090 megawatts of manufacturing capacity expected to be added by year’s end. 2010Chinese companies are expected to account for nearly 72 percent of new photovoltaic manufacturing capacityChinese companies held seven of the top 10 positions on iSuppli’s list, representing 6,445 megawatts of manufacturing capacity.
- PV Power in Oregon – good inverter productOregon soliciting more solar companies…Originally they were for marine appsa/cWe had several companiesNow outback only – best for off-grid appsBattery-basedEasier to use now -
- A total of 30 new projects and 17 expansions of solar product manufacturing facilities were recorded by Conway Data in 2009. These projects resulted in $4.6 billion in investment and creation approximately 8,000 new jobs.Top solar wafer producing countries:ChinaGermanyUSAIndiaItalySpain
- WA lost Sanyo to Oregon – Lost opportunities in washington –Lost sanyo – competitive tax advantage – went to another state – Oregon…Solar manufacturer oregon – two plants recently = check it outBecause of budget shortfalls, A 2,000-watt solar system that once cost a homeowner about $650, after credits and a rebate, will now cost about $3,325 in oregonThe state’s strategy is to establish an integrated “cluster” of solar manufacturing in Oregon, creating an economic base with more than $3 billion in annual gross sales by 2015, mostly as exports.Oregon has made good progress toward its goal. The state has attracted SolarWorld, its first “anchor” business. The current output of the Hillsboro facility (100 MW/yr) is equal to 15 percent of total U.S. production, with expansion plans to increase output to 450 MW by 2013. Other Oregon-based solar manufacturers include: PV Powered (Bend), Sol-Reliant (Portland), Solaicx (Portland), Peak Sun Silicon (Millersburg), Sanyo Solar (Salem) and potentially others. By 2015 gross revenues for these companies are expected to grow to $1.5 billion annually, providing new jobs for 2,000-4,000 Oregonians with average salaries of over $40,000 per year.Report 2009 to oregon legislature on global warming http://www.oregon.gov/ENERGY/GBLWRM/GWC/docs/09CommissionReport.pdf
- Pepsi Cola of Klamath Falls installed 172 KW of photovoltaic (PV) modules on 3 facilities in Lakeview and Klamath Falls in the Fall of 2004. The main facility has the largest roof integrated solar panel system in the Pacific Northwest totally 132 KW. 1,048 solar laminates are bonded to its standing seam metal roof. All 3 PV systems are designed to supply up to 100% of the buildings' loads on an annual basis. Oregon’s grid-connected photovoltaic capacity has grown exponentially from 2.8 MW in 2007 to 14 MW in 2009…that is an increase of 400% in two years.
- solar panel volume-purchasing programInterested neighbors come together to choose a contractor, purchase and install solar as a community, and save significant costs as a result of bulk purchasing of solar electric panels.In 2008, 38 homes had PVsWithin six months of starting their campaign, Solarize Southeast had signed up over 300 homes and installed solar on 120 homes. The 120 installations added 350 kilowatts of new PV capacity to Portland, and will produce an estimated 359,000 kWh of electricity per year. The project also helped provide 18 professional wage jobs for site assessors, engineers, project managers, journeyman electricians, and roofers. The neighborhood bulk purchase concept spread quickly. With support from their Solar America Cities grant, the City of Portland’s Bureau of Planning and Sustainability helped other neighborhood organizations to take Solarize Portland citywide, completing projects in Northeast and Southwest Portland and a second round in Southeast. Taken together, these follow-on projects produced another 400 Solarize installations in 2010, increasing total PV installations almost 400% over the previous year. In seattle, queen anne neighborsUnintended consequence of locking out smaller companies -
- Based on their success, LA voted to reduce solar incentives…. Go figure…California - utilities areNOT required to purchase excess power if you generate excess
- The Aachen Solar Tariff Model - performance-based plan that worked in Germany…..As of 2007by Paul GipeIn the early 1990s the city of Aachen (Aix-en-Chapelle) Germany set the world of solar energy on its ear. Until that time development of solar PV depended entirely on direct and substantial subsidies. Then in June, 1993 Aachen's city council approved the first solar PV tariff that paid a profitable price for solar generated electricity. Aachen calculated a tariff that would allow recovery of the "cost" of solar PV plus a modest profit called kostendeckendevergütung in German (literally a cost-covering remuneration). This principle is much like that used to determine the tariffs or electricity rates for regulated electric utilities. The city did not base it's tariff on the "value" of the solar electricity. This was--and is--revolutionary because solar PV is expensive and if rates are based on what it costs to install solar PV, the tariff will be much higher than that for other, cheaper, technologies. Aachen's city council took a bold move and said in effect, "we want solar and we're willing to pay what it takes". At the time, solar generated electricity in Germany was paid 90% of the retail rate under Germany's 1991 electricity feed law, the Stromeinspeisungsgesetz or the law on feeding in electricity. Aachen determined that in addition to the feed law tariff, it was necessary to pay a citywide solar tariff of 2 DM/kWh (US$1.28/kWh) for ten years. Shortly thereafter the Bavarian city of Freising followed suit. Between 1994 and 1997, 30 Bavarian villages implemented a similar program. Aachen and its sister cities established the principle of paying for the cost of generation for the generating technologies they desire - and not necessarily those that are the cheapest. The Aachen model became the foundation for Germany's successful EEG, the Renewable Energy Sources Act (also known as the Act on Granting Priority to Renewable Energy). Aachen's solar tariff and subsequent solar tariffs under Germany's EEG provided successful examples for the Ontario Sustainable Energy Association in proposing a solar tariff for Ontario.
- Small residential – Community solar another strategem forWe don’t have direct commercial incentive yet – look at pepsi plant we showed earlier… or govtbldgs – could be big bump
- The total value of U.S. solar market installations grew 67 percent from $3.6 billion in 2009 to $6.0 billion in 20102.6 gigawatts (GW) total generated enough to power more than half a million households – still renewables less than 3%
- Ontario study 2010A relationship across the region was found between total roof area and population of 70.0 m2/capita ± 6.2%. With appropriate roof tops covered with commercial solar cells, the potential PV peak power output from the region considered is 5.74 GW (157% of the region’s peak power demands) and the potential annual energy production is 6909 GWh (5% of Ontario’s total annual demand). This suggests that 30% of Ontario’s energy demand can be met with province-wide rooftop PV deployment. This new understanding of roof area distribution and potential PV outputs will guide energy policy formulation in Ontario and will inform future research in solar PV deployment and its geographical potential.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V9K-4YCGKM3-1&_user=10&_coverDate=02%2F12%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=a27b1d964573904a2b80420d33a21c38New York City study 2010 -
- As of august 2010 – Washington's grid-connected solar = 5.2 megawattsUSA market has grown from 168 MW in 2001 to about 1,111 MW by the end of 2008.
- Topping-up with electricity sourced from a mixture of atomic, coal-fired and hydroelectric power stations, as is usual in Europe, results in three times as much pollution as from the Lithium-ion battery alone. If the electricity is generated exclusively by coal-fired power stations, the ecobalance worsens by another 13 per cent. If, on the other hand, the power is purely hydroelectric, then this figure improves by no less than 40 per cent. Environmental Science and Technology Journal, FIND CITESolar modules over parking lots, powering vehicles below
- Overall expected 12-month growth rate for the entire U.S. economy is only about 2%
- Along with the number of projects, the number of jobs created by the industry has also increased dramatically over the last seven years. While there were just four projects creating 635 jobs in 2003 in the country, in 2009 there were 47 projects creating around 8,000 jobs. The chart below shows the progression of jobs created by the solar industry in the U.S.While the Southwestern and Western United States had the highest growth in solar installations over the past few years, states like Pennsylvania and Michigan are now taking the bulk of the manufacturing projects in the country. In fact, Pennsylvania, with 11 projects in 2009, had the highest number of projects in the industry followed by Michigan with 8 projects. Below is a table of the Top 10 states in terms of projects in solar product manufacturing.
- WASHINGTON STATE - In 2009, the renewable energy industry supported 4,988 direct and indirect renewable energy jobs in Washington,-- 1,734 from solar energy-- 1,311 from bioenergy-- 1,329 from wind energy-- 613 from hydroelectric
- Report WSU - From Green Jobs Council Meeting January 2010Recommendations include:Invest in R&DSupport industry growthBuild skilled workforceCreate jobsExpand training & educationWA Population as of April 2010 = 6,733,250Employed =3,514,000 (from Bureau of Labor Statistics) – total civilian workforceIn 1999 - 10.6 percent of Washington residents lived below the poverty level
- The solar investment tax credit (ITC) provisions will:Extend for 8 years the 30-percent tax credit for both residential and commercial solar installations;Eliminate the $2,000 monetary cap for residential solar electric installations, creating a true 30-percent tax credit (effective for property placed in service after December 31, 2008);Eliminate the prohibition on utilities from benefiting from the credit;Allow Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) filers, both businesses and individuals, to take the credit;Authorize $800 million for clean energy bonds for renewable energy generating facilities, including solar.According to a Navigant Consulting report, extending the ITC is expected to create 440,000 jobs and encourage $325 billion of private investment in the solar industry.
- THIS IS THE “BUT” FROM EARLIER…..Spain study -- from King Juan Carlos UniversityGermany study -- commissioned by the Institute for Energy Research (IER)In 2008, wind power accounted for 11% of Spanish electricity production, compared to less than 1% for solar power.cut its subsidies to the solar power industries by 30%Read more: Spain & Solar Subsidy Cuts Meet the Grinch (YGE, LDK, JASO, FSLR) - 24/7 Wall St.http://247wallst.com/2010/12/27/spain-solar-subsidy-cuts-meet-the-grinch-yge-ldk-jaso-fslr/#ixzz1Ge2kr9fFIn 2008, Spain accounted for half the world's new solar-power installations in terms of wattage, thanks to government subsidies to promote clean energy.
- NABCEP (North American Board of Certified Energy PractitionersSolar PV Installer CertificationRecently updated the training-related eligibility criteria a candidate must meet to sit for the Solar PV Installer Certification Exam. An applicant must satisfy one of the following qualifying categories:A. Experience installing PV systems occurring at some point in the two (2) years prior to submitting an application for the exam in addition to completion of a board-recognized training program (see definition in Sections 3.2.2 and 3.2.3 below); ORB. Be an existing licensed contractor in good standing in solar or electrical construction-related areas with experience installing PV systems occurring at some point in the two (2) years prior to submitting an application for the exam in addition to completion of a board-recognized training program (see definition in Sections 3.2.2 and 3.2.3 below); ORC. Four (4) years of electrical construction-related experience working for a licensed contractor, including experience installing PV systems occurring at some point in the two (2) years prior to submitting an application for the exam in addition to completion of a board-recognized training program (see definition in Sections 3.2.2 and 3.2.3 below); ORD. Three (3) years experience in a U.S. Dept. of Labor-approved electrical construction trade apprentice program, including experience installing PV systems occurring at some point in the two (2) years prior to submitting an application for the exam in addition to completion of a board-recognized training program (see definition in Sections 3.2.2 and 3.2.3 below); ORE. Two (2)-year electrical construction-related, or electrical engineering technology, or renewable energy technology/technician degree from an educational institution or four (4)-year construction-related or engineering degree from an educational institution, including experience installing PV systems occurring at some point in the two (2) years prior to submitting an application for the exam.
- complete energy retrofit could slice home's energy consumption in halfnew federal program - which is still being drafted and is not guaranteed to become law - would cap the government reimbursements at $12,000adding the insulation, caulking and lights might run an average homeowner $5,000 to $7,000could save about 30% of energy bill each month. if the government picks up half the cost, payback time is a few yearsSolar is part of a bigger picture … one element in metabolism of a building
- Solar panels - charge the battery in off-grid systems, or collect power to go to grid - output stated in wattsCharge Controller - monitors the battery's state-of-charge to insure that when the battery needs charge-current it gets it - insures the battery isn't over-chargedBattery - battery provides DC voltage to the inverter, and the inverter converts the DC voltage to normal AC voltage - size of the battery bank required will depend on the storage capacity requiredInverter - changes DC power stored in a battery to standard 120/240 VAC electricity (also referred to as 110/220) - most lighting, appliances, motors, etc., use ac power, so it takes an inverter to make the switch from battery-stored DC to standard power
- WINDSpace for 80-100’ towerTemps above –4 F5-15 kW systemUsually need ~one acreCost a factor? ROI if paying 10 cents kWhSOLARSouth-facing site/home Net meteringStructural strengthGEOTHERMALGood with radiant floor and baseboard radiatorLarge ducts neededCost 2-3X conventional
- Neighborhood House High Point CenterSystem SpecificationsType: Grid-Tied PV System ExpansionModules: (128) BP-SX-3195Inverter: Solectria PVI95KWSystem Size: 73.6 kW (24.96 kW Expansion)Roof Type: Standing Seam MetalLocation: Neighborhood House, West Seattle
- 149 wind turbine generators, spanning across 9,000 acres near Ellensburg, Washington.
- The 75 megawatt project, proposed by partners of Teanaway Solar Reserve LLC, is planned on 477 acres at a site four miles northeast of Cle Elum , Kittitas County on land leased from American Forest Land Co.TSR Project OverviewCreates approximately 225 construction jobs and 35 permanent jobsGenerates 75-MW of renewable energy from 400,000 solar photovoltaic panelsUtilizes 477 acres of the 982 project site, with the remainder set aside as open space and wildlife habitatSited on property that has been managed as timberland for last centuryAgreement with Washington's Department of Fish and Wildlife that mitigates for impacts to elk and other concerns by the agency, including a 2:1 replacement of elk habitatTSR has voluntarily committed to replacing three trees for every one removed during project construction
- Smart grid – whole country or continent – can use it all effectively – use sun where it is but can share where it isn’tShifting load use to dayEnergy secty Chu says use pumped hydro storage – pump water to existing dams using solar powerability to balance intermittent sources of electrical energy (such as wind and solar)more than 127,000 MW of pumped-storage capacity was operating worldwide in 2009