Industrial Attachment Report- Visit to Entrepreneurs

Industrial Attachment Report
(2020-21)
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Institute of Agricultural Sciences (Siksha ‘O’ Anusandshan)
POULTRY FARM VISIT
Profile of Entrepreneur
Name: Priyabrata Jena
Age: 45
Eduation: M.Tech Engineering
Location: Brahampur, Post office- Khetrapara, Dist-Jajpur
Introduction about Farm
Establish year of the farm: 2017
Total farm area: 1.5 acre
Total bird strength: 8000
Number of farm building: 2 (each building strength 4000 birds)
Total investment: 30 lakhs (till now for farm purpose)
Different Activities of Poultry Farm:
Houses preparation:
Before arriving every batch feeder,
waterer, fan, door, windows, net should
washed following way 1st
detergent then
washing soda then disinfectant it should
be done by potassium permanganate and

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formalin.
Brooding management:
For 1000 chicks it should be 24 ft long and
12 ft width. Chicks place 7 days in brooding
chamber and during this time temperature
maintain by electric bulb.
Floor space:
First 2 week 0.5 sq. ft/chick should provide
and after 3 week in summer season 1.3 sq. ft
and winter 1 sq. ft place should be provided.
Preparation for chick arrival:
 Litter material should be spread evenly to a depth 7.5 to 10 cm
and then leveled properly.
 The necessary equipment must
be assembled in appropriate
configuration feeder 30 inch
long for 50 chicks and waterer
2 litre capacity for 50 chicks.
 Equipment in the house should
be arranged to allow chicks to
maintain body temperature without dehydration and to find
feed and water easily.

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After arrival:
For removing transportation stress 1st
provide lukewarm water for 2
to 3 hours, then provide following
solution –
 Glucose-50 gm / L
 Multivitamin -1gm /4L
 Electrolytes-1 gm/2 L
It provides instant energy and restores normal body function.
Feeder management:
 Feeder should keep neat and clean.
Treating with appropriate no of feeder
on basis of population.
 No of feeder 1 day: as libido, 2 to 12
days: 50 no for 1000 birds, 13 days to
marketing: 25 to 30 no for 1000 bird.
Feed:
3 types of feed mainly provided.
 Startar-1-7 days
 Developer-8 -18 days
 Finisher-19 -42 days

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Waterer:
Provide 24 hours pure water at daily
basis. Per day 4000 L water is required.
Sometimes medicines are applied mixing
with the water.
Litter management:
In summer season litter should be 2-3 inches and for winter season
4-5 inch depth. Daily spray with disinfectant. Moisture level should
be kept in minimum level.
Vaccination:
Age (In days) Vaccine Application
5-6 ND, ND+IB Eye
10-12 IBD Eye/ Water
16-18 IBD Water
22-23 ND Lassota strain Water

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Financial statement:
 Number of batch par year: 6
 Each batch strength: 8000
 Rate of chicks: Rs 40/-
 Cost per bird(day 1 to marketing): Rs 36/-
 Time require for 1 batch(45days+15days preparation for next
batch)= 60 days
 Total investment: 30 lakhs
Production cost per annum:
Season Strength
in number
Total cost
for chicks
(Rs 40/
chicks)
production
cost day 1
to
marketing
(Rs 36/
Bird)
Total cost of
production
(Chicks
price
+
Production
cost)
Winter (Oct,
Nov,
Dec, Jan)
8000+8000=
16000
16000x40=
640000
16000x36=
576000
640000+
576000=
1216000
Summer (Feb,
Mar,
Apr, May)
8000+8000=
16000
16000x40=
640000
16000x36=
576000
640000+
576000=
1216000
Rainy (Jun,
Jul, Aug, Sep)
8000+8000=
16000
16000x40=
640000
16000x36=
576000
640000+
576000=
1216000
Total- 3648000
Labour cost:
2 labours are required 365 days and labour cost Rs. 350/day
So labour cost (2 x 365 x 350) =Rs. 255500/-

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Depression cost:
10% of total investment.
So depression cost is Rs. 300000
Cost of cultivation:
(3648000+255500+300000)= Rs. 4203500
Total selling price per annum:
Season Strength
in
Number
Market
Price
Body Weight in Kg
During Marketing
Total
Selling
Price
Winter (Oct,
Nov, Dec, Jan)
16000 Rs. 80/ kg 16000x2.7kg/bird
= 43200kg
3456000
Summer (Feb,
Mar, Apr, May)
16000 Rs. 110/ kg 16000x1.8kg/bird
= 28800kg
3168000
Rainy (Jun, Jul,
Aug, Sep)
16000 Rs. 80 /kg 16000x1.8 kg /bird
= 28800kg
2304000
Total Selling Spice 8928000
 Mortality loss 200/batch
 Total 6 batch so total mortality loss
 Winter season 2 batch = (400x2.7x80rs)= Rs 83400/-
 Summer season 2 batch = (400x1.8x110rs)= Rs 79200/-
 Rainy season 2 batch = (400 x 1.8 x 110)= Rs 79200/-
 Total mortality loss =(83400+79200+79200)= Rs 241800/-
Final selling price-(8928000-241800) = Rs 8686200/-
B: C ratio = (8928000/4203500) = 2.1

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Swot analysis:
Strength
 Skilled laborer.
 Year around water availability.
 Good working capital.
 Suitable climate.
Weakness
 Farms not fully mechanized.
 Depend on manual labor.
 High input price.
Threat
 If any viral disease (like Bird flu) occur in the farm its cause total
loss of production.
Opportunity
 Making fully automatic air conditioned poultry; it reduces
mortality loss during summer season and produces more bird in
same area of land.
Conclusion & Remarks
In overall view poultry farm is undoubtedly a good business and
Mr. Jena managing this business in a good manner. He has a
plan to organize the farm in fully mechanized way to reduce
labour involvement and manage the temperature and relative
humidity properly to increase the quality and quantity of
produce.

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Activity

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MUSHROOM FARM VISIT
Profile of Entrepreneur
Name: Pabitra Kumar Jena
Age: 37
Education: Diploma in Civil Engineering
Location of the farm: Badaghumri, GP- Badaghumuri, Block-
Badchana, Dist- Jajpur
Establishment: In year 2020
Farm area: 1 acre
Introduction
Mushrooms are a type of fungi, which are consumed as food.
Mushrooms are believed to have high protein content and
sometimes are known as ‘vegetable meat’. They have very low levels
of carbohydrate and fat. Mushrooms also contain polysaccharides,
vitamins, and minerals comparable to other fruits and vegetables.
Commonly cultivated mushroom species are-
i) Paddy straw mushroom (at 30o
-36o
C)
V. volvacea ; V. diplesia
ii) Oyster mushroom (at 20o
-30o
C), during cold climate
Pleurotus citrinopileatus ; Pleurotus sajoraju

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iii) European mushroom or Button mushroom (14o
-15o
C), this is not
cultivated in Jajpur district’s weather condition.
Type of Mushroom: Oyster mushroom
Favorable Weather condition: Cool, damp, dark, humid and shady
area.
Temperature: 15-25°C
Humidity: 15-25%
Market:
 Mr. Jena sells and delivers his mushroom to various places as
per the order.
 Generally, he sells dry mushroom to a private organization.
 He also involved in home delivery of raw mushroom.
Materials Required:
SL
NO.
Materials Amount
1. Proper place (cool, dark, damp, humid
atmosphere)
1
2. Shed 1
3. Spawn
4. Paddy straw
5. Medicine (Bavistin powder/ Paraxin
500, Bleeching powder, Blue Vitriol
(CuSO4,5H2O)
As per need.
6. Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2
7. Water Pump 1
8. Plus, Hammer, Sieve mesh, Rope As per need.

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Farm Activities
1. At first straw is cut into small chaffs with the help of rice straw
chaff cutter.
2. Then water soaking of chaff is done by normal water soaking
method or hot process.
3. In water soaking method the chaffs are soaked in water tank in
which Calcium hydroxide is mixed. For 50 kg straw, 2 kg calcium
hydroxide is required.
4. In hot process the straw chaff is left in a hot steam chamber for
2 hours. It is done in rainy days when relative humidity of the
air is more.

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5. After soaking the chaff in normal soaking method, the chaff is
dried in hot sun for 3-4 hours and turning over of the chaff is
done so that the chaff dry properly. But in case of hot steam
method 1 hours of drying is sufficient.
6. After proper drying the polythene bag of size 24” × 16” is filled
with the dried chaff. The weight of the bag should be 3-3.5 kg.
The bag is filled in such a way so that 3 layers of seed is present
in equal distance. 2 packets of seed is required for 3 bag.

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7. After filling the bag the some hole is made in the polythene bag
around the seed layer and it is kept in dark room for 15 days for
better germination of the seed.
8. After germination the bags are placed in a hanging place in
appropriate moisture and darkness condition, so that more
number of bags is placed in a small place.
9. After that proper moistening is done
with the help of a sprayer so that the
mushroom grows properly. The day
before harvest moistening is avoided.

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10. After that when the mushroom reaches
is maturity, it is harvested by rubbing it
clock wisely manner. The right shape
for picking can be judged by the shape
and size of the fruit body. The fruit
bodies should be harvested before
spore release, by twisting so that the
stubs are not left on the beds (straw). It
is advisable to pick all the mushrooms at
one time from a cube and the next flush will appear at one
time.
11. Thereafter mushrooms are dried for
avoiding spoilage in a short duration and to
increase its longevity for high distance
transportation.
Financial Statement
Total Investment = 5, 00, 000/-
Cost of production for one bag:
Element Cost
Polythene bag 2/-
Paddy Straw (Including
transportation) [3.5 kg/ bed]
6 × 3= 18/-
Ca(OH)2
2/-
Spawn [200gm / bed] 25/-
Labour 15/-
Other expenditure 5/-
Total 67/-
Dry Mushroom

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Gross return from one bag:
 After drying, 10 kg of wet mushroom is converted to 1 kg
of dry mushroom.
 Selling price of wet mushroom = Rs 120-150 / kg
 Selling price of dry mushroom = Rs 800/ kg
 From 1 bag, 2.5 kg of wet mushroom is produced. From
there 0.25 kg dry mushroom is produced.
 Gross return from 1 bag = (0.25 × 800) = 200/-
Net return from one bag = (200-67) = 133/-
 To get continuous return he usually adds 25 bags daily to the
production unit.
 So daily income from the mushroom unit = (133 × 25) = Rs
3325/-
For 1500 beds:
Expenditure Production Income Net
Profit
B: C
Ratio
100500 3750 kg
(Wet)
375 kg
(Dry)
300000 199500 2.98
SWOT Analysis
 Strength:
 Initial investment is high but later on it’s very cheap to
cultivate mushroom. For one bed around ₹ 60-70 is
needed (including labour cost).
 It takes less time (60days) to complete one life cycle.

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 It yields a lot amount from 1 bed.
 It has a huge demand in local market.
 Weakness:
 Initial cost is high.
 It is a perishable product. There is a huge chance of waste
of mushroom if yield is high.
 Lack of awareness, hygenity can affect badly to its
production.
 Daily checking and maintenance is mandatory.
 Opportunity:
 By using modern technology and harvesting technique he
can improve yield of mushroom.
 In his shed, he is expecting to grow more bed.
 Threat:
 Adverse weather condition, Scorching heat during
summer days badly affects the yield of mushroom.
 Bacterial attack, insect-pest attack can reduce the
mushroom production.
Conclusion & Remarks
In overall view mushroom production is undoubtedly a good
business and Mr. Jena managing this business in a good manner. He
has a plan to organize the farm in fully mechanized way to reduce
labour involvement and manage the temperature and relative
humidity properly to increase the quality and quantity of produce.

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Activity:

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Vermi-compost Unit Visit
Profile:
Name: Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Jajpur.
Address: Badachana, Odisha-754081
Established: During the year 2002.
The center is working as district level resource.
Introduction:
Vermicomposting is a mesophilic process utilizing microorganisms
and earthworms. Earthworms feeds the organic waste materials and
passes it through their digestive system and gives out in a granular
form (cocoons) which is known as vermicompost, which have high
market value and it is a very profitable business.
Activities:
Selection of site:
 The site selected for the pit should be easily approachable for
inspection.
 Pit should be at a comparatively higher level so that neither
rain water gets into nor the water table rises and causes water
stagnation in the pit during monsoon.
 It should be near the cattle shed and the source of water
supply.
 Compost pit should be located at a distance from the road or
else compost containing toxic metal lead contaminates even
food grain, affecting health of animals & human beings.

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Construction of Tanks:
 With the help of bricks cemented tanks are constructed on the
soil surface. Size of the tank should be 2m x1mx0.6m with 9”
inch thick brick wall.
 For circulation of air, proper holes of 7” inches (preferably) are
left on all the four sides of the tank wall.
 Plastering of inner-outer wall & floor of the tank should be
done by dung and mud mixture.
Materials required:
 Farm residues, refuses like weeds, grasses, leaves, sugarcane
trash, stubbles and all kind of wastes, stalks, roots, stems,
pruning, stalk of green manuring crops.
 Cattle dung, Water.
 Wastes from Agro-Industries, Bio-degradable portion of urban
and rural wastes.
Method of filling the tank:
 Before filling the tank, slurry made of cow dung and water
should be sprinkled on the floor and the wall.
 1st
layer- 2 inch high break pieces layer is spread over the
bottom portion of the tank.
 2nd
layer-2 inch high sand layer spread over the break layer.
 3rd layer- 6 to 8 inch high Bio-degradable waste layer spread
over the sand layer.
 4th
layer-2 days old raw cow dung spread over the waste
layer and after that thick cow dung slurry sprinkle over the
cow dung.

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 Then the 2nd
and 3rd
steps repeated 4 to 5 time until the tank
is full.
 Then after 15 days when then relies of ammonia gas is stop
then add earth worm and spraying water some days interval
to maintain optimum moisture level.
Maturity:
After feeding earthworm excrete on the top. After maturity its take
dark red colour and tea like dusty powdery shape.
Harvesting:
 Water supply stop 2 -3 days before harvest and after collecting
the vermicompost keep on the heap and daily harvest 5-6 inch
on the heap until the earthworm seen on the bottom.
 Then collected compost keep into shade and the small
earthworm remove by the help of sieve.

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Packaging:
Put the vermicompost into small pack for marketing and for long-
term collection put it into heap and cover by a gunny bag and
sprinkle cow urine 20 days interval.
Process of quality increase:
Addition of 1kg Azotobacter, 1 kg Azosperillum and 1 kg PSB in 25 kg
of vermicompost for enhance the quality of vermicompost.
Efficient Earthworm Species:
 Eisenia foetida
 Amyanthes differigens
 Eudrillus eugineae
Nutrient content of Vermicompost:
 Nitrogen : 1.5 - 2.5%
 Phosphorus : 0.9 - 1.7%
 Potash : 1.5 - 2.4%
 Calcium : 0.5 - 1.0%
 Magnesium : 0.2 - 0.3%
 Sulphur : 0.4 - 0.5%

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Financial statement:
Preparation of vermicompost by tank method (For 1 year)
[Plot size: (2m × 1m × 0.6m)]
Cost:
List Cost (Rs)
Preparation of Tank 1500
Cover of tank 500
Organic matter 500
Earthworm- 1 kg 500
other 100
TOTAL 3100
Return:
List Price(Rs)
Vermicompost- 500 kg/year
(50 kg per m2
of tank, 5 times in
a year)
[@ Rs 8/ kg]
4000
Earth worm- 4kg.
[@ Rs 500/kg]
2000
Total 6000
Profit:
Total cost for 8 tank- (3100 x 8) = Rs 24800/-
Total return from 8 tank- (6000 x 8) = Rs 48000/-
B: C Ratio = (48000/ 24800) =1.9

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SWOT Analysis:
Strength
 High market demand.
 High market value.
 Full organic.
 Good for crop health.
Weakness
 Collection of raw material is difficult.
 Lack of awareness to the farmer for varmicompost use.
 Good quality compost takes time for preparation.
Opportunity
 In future there will be a chance for high market demand of
vermicompost.
Threat
 If the moisture quality is not adequate, mortality of earthworm
increases.

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Activity:

Industrial Attachment Report- Visit to Entrepreneurs

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