genetic engineering in which you will be able to learn about different techniques of sequencing and culturing the genes.

1. GENETIC
ENGINEERING

2. TABLE OF
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
 Biotechnology
 Genetic engineering
2. TECHNIQUES OF GENETIC ENGINEERING
 Recombinant DNA technology
 PCR
 DNA Sequencing method
3. DNA ANALYSIS
 DNA fingerprinting
 Application of DNA analysis
4. HUMAN DISORDER THERAPY
 GENE THERAPY
5. GENETIC ENGINERING IN PLANTS
 TISSUE CULTURE
 MICRO PROPAGATION

3. 1. INTRODUCTION
• BIOTECNOLOGY
Biotechnology is a major field of biology which deals with the use of living organisms
systems or processes in manufacturing and service industries.
• GENETIC ENGINERRING
Genetic engineering (also called genetic modification) is a process that uses laboratory-
based technologies to alter the DNA makeup of an organism.
Genetic engineering aims to modify the genes to enhance the capabilities of the organism
beyond what is normal.

4. Favorite sport and team
 Enter his/her favorite sport here.
 Enter his/her team here.
2. TECHNIQUES OF GENETIC ENGINEERING
Recombinant DNA
technology:
Process:
1. Isolation of genetic material (DNA).
2. Molecular scissors for Cutting of DNA at specific locations.
3. Molecular carrier or vector.
4. Selection and screening of transformed cells.
5. Molecular glue.

5. A few of
(Enter student
name)’s
hobbies and
interests
 Enter his/her hobby here.  Enter his/her hobby here.
 Enter his/her hobby here.  Enter his/her hobby here.

6. PCR (Polymerase chain reaction)
Steps
in
PCR
• Step 1: Denaturation
• Step 2: Annealing
• Step 3: Extension
• Step 4: Cycle repeated
Thermocycler:
Thermocycler is an automatic
PCR machine which is being
used now a days for
polymerase chain reaction. It
is a routine piece of
equipment in any modern lab.

7.  (Enter student name) would like to be a ____________ when
they grow up because ____________________________.

8. PROCESS:
DNA sequencing
1. Generation of different sized DNA fragments
It involves the two method
 Sanger method.
 Maxam Gilbert Method.
2. Separation of DNA pieces
 Test tubes are prepared
 Addition of dideoxy ribonucleotides.
 Gel electrophoresis in four strips.

9. Favorite thing I
learned about
(Enter student
name)
 List something kind about your
partner.
 List something interesting about
your partner.

10. DNA ANALYSIS
Procedure
1. Collection of DNA samples.
2. Placement and separation of RFLP.
3. Denaturation of RFLP fragments.
4. Blotting.
5. Labelling of RFLP.
6. Autoradiography.

12. GENOME DISORDER THERAPY
Methods
of gene
therapy
Gene therapy:
Gene therapy is the treatment of genetic disorder by the insertion of normal genes
to human cells.
Methods
1. Ex vivo gene therapy
Normal gene is given to certain cells of patients outside the body
1. In vivo therapy
Patients are directly given the genes.

13. GENETIC ENGINEERING IN PLANTS
1. Tissue culture
 Growth tissue in an artificial liquid culture medium to produce many new identical plants.
2. Micro propagation
 Meristem Culture.
 Callus Culture.
 Suspension Culture.
 Embryo Culture.
 Protoplast Culture.