4. SOFTWARE
A set of instructions given to the computer to solve
a specific problem. It is intangible. Software can
not be executed without hardware.
5. WHAT IS SOFTWARE ENGINEERING?
Software engineers should adopt a systematic and
organised approach to their work and use
appropriate tools and techniques depending on the
problem to be solved, the development constraints
and the resources available.
6. CASE TOOLS
CASE stands for Computer Aided Software
Engineering. It means, development and maintenance
of software projects with help of various automated
software tools.
CASE tools are set of software application
programs, which are used to automate SDLC
activities.
7. COMPONENTS OF CASE TOOLS
• CASE tools can be broadly divided into the
following parts based on their use at a particular
SDLC stage:
8. Upper Case Tools:
Upper CASE tools are used in planning, analysis and design
stages of SDLC.
Lower Case Tools:
Lower CASE tools are used in implementation, testing
and maintenance.
Integrated Case Tools:
Integrated CASE tools are helpful in all the stages of
SDLC, from Requirement gathering to Testing and
documentation.
9. SOFTWARE ENGINEERING OBJECTIVES
• Understanding user conceptual models and
development of better specifications.
• Improvement in design languages and reusable
code.
• Participatory design and interactive debugging.
• Specification of interface and mock-up to confirm
specifications.
11. WHAT IS SDLC?
• SDLC stands for System Development Life Cycle. It
is a set of different steps that are performed to
develop a system. It is an organized way of
developing successful systems. It consist of
different phases. These phases are as follows.
13. • Preliminary Investigation:
Preliminary investigation is the first phase. In this
phase, the system is investigated. The objective of this
phase is to conduct an initial analysis and finding of
system as follows:
• System Identification:
This phase is used to identify the need for a new
system. It is very important step. Everything performed
in future depends on this phase.
• System scope:
The scope of the system is defined at this stage. The
scope of a system can be reduced due to financial and
political problems etc.
14. • Planning:
During this phase, a plan is developed that documents the
approach to be used. It includes a discussion of methods,
tools, tasks, resources, project schedules and user input.
• System Analysis:
In this phase, the current business system is studied in
detail to find out how it works and how to improve it. The
analyst conducts the following activities:
• Need analysis:
Need analysis is also called requirments analysis. It consists
all requirements of the sysytem from user and managers.
15. • Data analysis:
Data analysis is a process of analyzing the data to obtain
accutrate information. Many tools are used for this purpose
such as data flow diagram and flowchart etc,
• Design:
Design phase is used to design logical and physical model of
new system. The system design states how new system will
meet the requirement identified in analysis phase.
• TESTING:
Complete testing of the system is very important. A system
must be tested to detect and remove errors in it. The system is
tested by giving sample data
16. • Implementation:
Implementation consist of installing the hardware, software and
files. A system can be implemented after it has been tasted. It is
also called system conversion. It can be performed in any of the
following ways:
• Phased conversion:
A type of conversion in which individual components of new system
are implemented one by one is called phased conversion.
• Parallel conversion:
A type of conversion in which both new and old system operate
together for a period of time is called parallel conversion.
17. • Maintenance:
Maintenance is a process of checking the working of the
system. It is very important to ensure that the system is
fulfilling the objectives. Some measure may be taken to
improve the system. Maintenance includes the following
activites:
Correcting the problems in the system
Improving the work of the system.
Editor's Notes
Mock-up:
A full size structural model built to scale chiefly for study, testing, or display.
