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1. The Early life and Career of
ERASMUS
Republic of the Philippines
DR. EMILIO B. ESPINOSA, SR. MEMORIAL STATE COLLEGE
OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
(Masbate State College)
GRADUATE SCHOOL (GS)
http://www.debesmscat.edu.ph
Cabitan, Mandaon, Masbate

2. Who was Erasmus?

3. Who was Erasmus?
✣ Full Name: DESIDERIUS ERASMUS
✣ Birthday: October 27, 1466
✣ Birthplace: Rotterdam, Holland
✣ Died: July 12, 1536
4

4. Who was Erasmus?
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A Dutch humanist who was the greatest scholar of
the Northern Renaissance, the first editor of the New
testament and also an important figure in Patristic and
classical literature.
A man of great intellect who rose from the meager
beginnings to become one of Europe’s greatest thinker, he
defined the humanist movement in Northern Europe.

5. Erasmus early life

6. Erasmus early life
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 His parents were not married as his father,
Roger Gerard, was a priest and his mother,
Margaret, the daughter of a physician.
 His education began at age 4, attending in
Gouda, a town near 9 Rotterdam. When he was
9 years old his father sent him to a prestigious
Latin grammar school, where he blossomed .

7. Erasmus early life
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 He went to school at an institution in Deventer
in the Netherlands run by the German
humanist Alexander Hegius.
 Since Erasmus’ inheritance was small, his
guardians persuaded him to enter the
monastery of the Augustinian Canons regular at
Steyn. He was ordained priest in 1492.

8. From steyn to cambrige
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 Erasmus entered the Augustinian monastery (
house of monks who have taken vows to
dedicated their lives regilion). At Steyn in 1487
and took and took monastic vows 1488
 His intellectual abilities offered the first step
out, when the bishop of Cambrai employed
Erasmus as his secretary in 1493 and rewarded
his work with a salary for study in Paris, France
in 1495.

9. From steyn to cambridge
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 Adagia and Colloquia writing that later became
the publications.
 Enchiridion militis Chritiani – the handbook of the
militant Christian published 1503, though begun
a decade before.
 Published Julius exxlusus (he never admitted
authorship) in which St. Peter ars Julius (Pope
Julius II) who was waging war with Bologna
 Encomium Moriae ( the Praise of Folly)

10. Erasmus early career and
works

11. Erasmus early career and works
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 His first works was De Contempu Mundi( On
disdaining the World, written 1490, publish
1521)
 Ostensibly a praise of monastic life, It began by
recommending seclusion and withdrawal from
the world but ended in a lament about the
decline of monasticism and warning to
postulants not to the vows rashly.

12. Erasmus early career and works
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 In 1495, he saw a chance to realize this goal
when bishop Hendrik of Bergen sent him to
College de Montaigu in Paris and promised him
financial support.
 It was in Paris that Erasmus became attached to
his first important patron, William Blount, Lord
Mountjoy, whom he accompanied to England as
tutor in 1499.

13. Erasmus early career and works
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 Erasmus returned to Paris in 1500, to publish
his first collection of proverbs, the Adagiorum
Collectanea , whose dedicatory epistle.
 1506 on a long awaited voyage in Italy. In
Vence, Erasmus worked with the humanist
printer Aldus Manutius to publish the first great
collection of Adages, the Adagiorum chiliades in
1508 .

14. Erasmus early career and works
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 From Italy, he went back to England where he
stayed long enough to compose the Praise of
folly (1511) and several educational writings
including the De ratione studii of 1511, a
preliminary version of his manual on letter
writing De conscribendis epistolis.
 Completed version De copia or On abundance in
style (1512)

15. Erasmus early career and works
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 Novum Instrumentum consisting of the Greek text
 Life of Jerome in nine volumes of Jerome’s
letters. Dedicated to William Warham.
 Paraphrases on The New testament, starting with
the Epistle to the Romans in 1517

16. Thanks!
17

17. Erasmus and his Notable Publications
1504 Enchiridion Militis Christiani (Handbook
of the Christian Soldiers
1508
Erasmus expanded his 1500 Adagiorum
Collectanea – annotated collection of
Greek and Latin adages.
1509 Started working on his edition of the New
Testament, as he studied Christian Church

18. Erasmus and his Notable Publications
1511 Moriae Encomium (Praise of Folly).
Erasmus sought on cleansing of the Church
1511 On the Method of Study
1512 On Copia

19. Erasmus and his Notable Publications
1522 - Paraphrases of the Four Gospels
1524
1524 De Libero Animo, famous essay on free
will

20. Erasmus and his Notable Publications
1529 De pueris instituerdis; the clearest
statement of Erasmus’ enormous fruits in
the power of education.

21. Educational Philosophy
1. expresses confidence in the potential of human
being for-self improvement
2. parents and teachers should ensure that
children fulfill their potential and of adults
to line up to it
3. accepted the classical doctrine of the
prerequisites of excellence — natural talent,
instruction, and practice

22. Educational Philosophy
4. recommend all-round education but emphasizes on
the study of history
5. Erasmus privileged ethics over logic and
promotion of character over factual knowledge
6. human being without education had no humanity

23. Educational Philosophy
7. appeal to student’s interest and praise for
their effort
8. Understanding and internalizing materials is
important
9. he emphasizes the importance of aptum et
decorum in compositions

24. LATER LIFE, DEATH
AND FINAL YEARS
DESIDERIUSERASMUS
Prepared by: Jaylyn A. Rodrigo
Educ-200

25. THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION ERUPTED WITH THE PUBLICATION OF MARTIN LUTHER'S NINETY-FIVE
THESES IN 1517. THOUGH ERASMUS SUPPORTED PROTESTANT IDEALS, HE WAS AGAINST THE RADICALISM
OF SOME OF ITS LEADERS, AND, IN 1523, HE CONDEMNED LUTHER'S METHODS IN HIS WORK DE LIBERO
ARBITRIO.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

26. IN 1529, WHEN PROTESTANT BASEL BANNED CATHOLIC WORSHIP
ALTOGETHER, ERASMUS AND SOME OF HIS HUMANIST FRIENDS MOVED
TO THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY TOWN OF FREIBURG IM BREISGAU.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

27. RETURNED TO BASEL TO SEE HIS MANUAL ON PREACHING
(ECCLESIASTES, 1535) THROUGH THE PRESS, HE LINGERED ON IN A
CITY HE FOUND CONGENIAL; IT WAS THERE HE DIED IN 1536.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

28. ON JULY 12, 1536, DURING PREPARATIONS FOR A MOVE TO THE NETHERLANDS,
ERASMUS FELL ILL AND DIED FROM AN ATTACK OF DYSENTERY.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

29. THOUGH HE REMAINED LOYAL TO THE CHURCH OF ROME, HE DID NOT RECEIVE LAST
RITES, AND THERE IS NO EVIDENCE THAT HE ASKED FOR A PRIEST. THIS SEEMS TO
REFLECT HIS VIEW THAT WHAT MATTERED MOST WAS A BELIEVER'S DIRECT
RELATIONSHIP WITH GOD.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under
CC BY-SA

30. ERASMUS’
LEGACIES
A Controversial Legacy
Humanist Legacy
Prepared by:
JEANY A. RODRIGO

31. A Controversial Legacy
❑ Canon Formation
- The publication history of his work, or what we might call the making of his canon.
- The first tome, includes everything that concerns literature and education including all his translations
from Lucian, Euripides, and Libanius.
-Tome two was reserved for the adages and tome three for his correspondence.
-Tome three for his correspondence.
-Volume four would be devoted to moral philosophy, including his various translations from
Plutarch’s Moralia, and his original works such as the Praise of Folly, the Education of a Christian
Prince, and the Complaint of Peace.
-Volume five was to handle works of religious instruction such as the Enchiridion, his psalm
commentaries, and all the prefaces to his New Testament.
-Volume six would consist of the New Testament and the Annotations, while volume seven was for
the Paraphrases.
-Volume eight was supposed, on a conservative estimate, to hold all the Apologies, or polemical
writings.
-Volume nine was for the Letters of St. Jerome.

32. A Controversial Legacy
❑ As a practical measure, the works are now distributed in series, or ordines, rather
than individual volumes, and a few other modifications are introduced.
❑ The Paraphrases join the New Testament in ordo six to make room for all of
Erasmus’ translations of the Greek Fathers in ordo seven. The ninth series now
includes several Latin Fathers in addition to Jerome.
❑ New Testament and Paraphrases are separated into orders six and seven.
The Apologies occupy the ninth and final order.
❑ French Protestant refugee Jean Le Clerc adds a tenth volume to accommodate all
the Apologies. He also added Index Expurgatorius, or repertory of all the passages
in Erasmus’ work that were marked out for expurgation by the Spanish and the
Roman censors, keyed to the pagination of the Basel edition.

33. A Controversial Legacy
❑Censorship
- The history of the reception of Erasmus is largely a history of
censorship.
- In 1555 the Congregation of the Index promulgated the first
papal Index of Prohibited Books--the Annotations on the New
Testament, the Colloquies, the Praise of Folly, the Enchiridion, and
some writings on prayer and on celibacy.
- Then in 1559 the papacy promulgated a new index that inscribed
Erasmus among the first class of heretics whose works were banned in
entirety.

34. A Controversial Legacy
❑ Scholarship
- From 1906 to 1958, P. S. Allen and his collaborators published in twelve volumes, with the Oxford
University Press, the complete correspondence of Erasmus, the Opus epistolarum Desiderii Erasmi
Roterodami. It has completely superseded the third ordo of his Opera omnia.
- In 1933, Wallace Ferguson published, as a supplement to the LB, his Erasmi opuscula, including
Erasmus’ biography of St. Jerome.
- In 1969 an international committee based in the Netherlands began publishing the critical edition
of the complete works of Erasmus known as ASD.
- Finally, in 1974, the University of Toronto Press launched its complete works of Erasmus in
English translation known as CWE, for Collected Works of Erasmus.
-Erasmus of Rotterdam Society
- Margaret Mann Phillips Lecture is delivered in the Spring.
- Birthday Lecture in the Fall in the fall.

35. Humanist Legacy
❑ Humanism, a term coined in the 19th century for Renaissance thinkers
who advocated an education that focused on direct access to and
understanding of classical literature.
❑ Scholars prefer to state that thinkers like Erasmus were interested
in studia humanitatis- studies that concentrated on what it is to be
human, and more precisely, to consider what is a virtuous individual.
❑ Erasmus certainly did not always agree with some Renaissance
humanist thinkers; his Ciceronianus, published in 1528, was an attack on
those scholars who were too preoccupied with imitating
the Roman orator Cicero.
❑ There was a movement towards changing education and having it
focus more on classical texts. Within these texts could be found material
pertinent to the subjects of Latin grammar, poetry, rhetoric, history,
and moral philosophy.

36. Humanist Legacy
❑ (On the Method of Study, 1511)- guides for those wishing to
establish a school, examples of recommended syllabuses
❑On Copia (1512) -taught students how to argue, revise texts
and produce new ones.
❑ On Writing Letters (1521)- taught how to write letters.
❑ Greek New Testament- base for new translations by Martin
Luther (German, 1522), William Tyndale (English, 1526), and
by those scholars who produced the King James Version of
the Bible in 1611.
❑ Erasmus Programme- a student exchange programme that
today operates across European countries.

37. References
◦https://iep.utm.edu/erasmus/#H4
◦https://www.worldhistory.org/Desiderius_Erasmus
/

40. References:
• https://www.notablebiographies.com/Du-Fi/Erasmus-
Desiderius.html
• https://www.biography.com/scholar/erasmus
• https://iep.utm.edu/Erasmus/#H4
• https://www.worldhistory.org/DesideriusErasmus
• https://www.Britannica.com/biography/Erasmus-
dutch-humanist/The-Protestant-challenge

41. References:
-Erasmus -The Protestant
challenge | Britannica
-Erasmus of Rotterdam -
Quotes,Books & Facts -
Biography