2. INTRODUCTION
•Latin words: de = apart/ broken, mentis = mind
•Progressive deterioration in cognitive function.
•Not a specific disease but group of symptoms that interfere
with daily functioning.
•Mainly affects people over 65yrs(1 in 14 over 65 have
dementia)
•World wide, an estimated 44.3 million people have dementia
as per 2013, expected to double every 20 years.
5. 1.Alzheimer's Disease:
Brain cells are surrounded by abnormal protein and their internal
structure is damaged. Chemical connections between brain cells are
lost and some cells die.
2.Vascular Dementia:
Narrowing or blockage of blood vessels leads to less O2 supply to
brain damaging the brain cells.
3.Lewy Body:
Tiny abnormal structures develop inside brain cell that disrupts brain
chemistry leading to death of brain cells.
CAUSES
6. 4.Frontotemporal Dementia:
The front and side part of brain are damaged when clumps
of abnormal protein form inside nerves cells, causing them
to die.
5.Mixed Dementia:
This is when someone has more than one type of dementia
like Alzheimer's and vascular dementia
6.Other causes:
Endocrine abnormalities, Nutritional deficiencies,
Reactions to medicines, Infections, Immune disorders,
Poisoning, etc.
Contd…
9. STAGES
Early stage (Mild Dementia):
•Losing or misplacing valuable objects
•Problem coming up with right word
•Trouble remembering names of new
people
•Forgetting what one has just read
•Difficulty performing tasks in social
setting
•Trouble with planning and organizing
10. Contd…
Middle stage(Moderate Dementia):
•Forget one’s own personal history
•Moody, withdrawn
•Confusion on day, time
•Trouble controlling bowels and
bladder
•Changes in sleep patterns
•Wandering and being lost
11. Late stage(Severe Dementia):
•Lose the ability to respond to their
environment
•Require full time assistance with daily
personal care
•Increasing difficulty to communicate
•Vulnerable to infections, especially
pneumonia
•Experience changes in physical activities like
ability to walk, sit and, eventually, swallow.
Contd…
12. DIAGNOSIS
• Current and past illness
• Medications taken
Medical History
• Pressure, temp., pulse
• Heart sound, diet
Physical Examination
• Reflexes, coordination, muscle tone, eye
movement, speech
Neurological
Examination
• Evaluate memory, ability to solve problems
and other thinking skillsMental Status
• Vitamin B-12 deficiency, under active
thyroid gland, increase in cholesterol, etc.Blood Tests
• CT or MRI to check stroke or bleeding or
tumor in brainBrain Scans
13. PREVENTION
1. Keep mind active
2. Be physically and
socially active
3. Quit smoking
4. Lower blood pressure
5. Pursue education
6. Maintain a healthy diet
14. LIFESTYLE AND HOME REMEDIES
Enhance Communication
Encourage participation in
games and thinking activity
