3 middle slides from Cappelens slideshow for ENS

1. 8. Empire
• 1500 Trading posts become
footholds for colonial expansion
• East India Company
• 1700s Britain wins rivalry with
France in North America
• Exploration leads to new
acquisitions – Australia and New
Zealand
• Slave trade – 11-15 million
slaves transported to New
World, most on British ships

2. 9. Industrialisation
• Technical innovation building on
new scientific practices (the
Enlightenment)
• Spinning Jenny, the steam
engine, improved transportation
• Free market economy
• Landless peasantry flock to cities
• 1800-1900 London’s population
increases over six-fold to 6 500
000

3. 9. Victorian Age 1837-1901• Dynamic economy and industrial
growth
• Vast resources, at home and
from empire
• Political stability at home
• Gradual improvement of living
conditions for the working class
• Military supremacy ensures Pax
Britannia
• 1877 Victoria crowned Empress
of India
• By 1900 increased competition
from neighbours and US