2. Is eternal peace to be
found only when one is
buried in cemetery?
queried by Kant.
3. Certainly it must be possible for
men to live among each other in
peace. Consequently, he set out
to delineate the principles which
would make it possible for men
to live in peace without the fear
or threat of war and prior to
being laid to rest in a grave.
4. Civil Law
Even if people were not compelled by
internal discord to submit to the coercion of
public laws, war as an external influence
would affect this.
5. International Law
Peace is developed and secured
among powers by an equilibrium which is
brought forth and guaranteed through
their competition with each other.
6. Cosmopolotical Law
Nature unites nations because of
mutual interests. This is effected by
the commercial spirit, which cannot
exist along with war and which
sooner or later controls every people.
7. Discord between Morals and Politics in
Reference to Eternal Peace
Maxims of Political Sophistry
Seize the favourable opportunity for
taking your own possession what is either
right of the state over the people or over a
neighboring state.
8. Maxims of Political Moralist
“Act so that you can will your maxim
(opinion) shall become a universal law,
whatever may be its end.”
Fiat justitia, pereat mundus (Let
righteousness prevail through all the
knaves in the world should perish for it).
9. “All actions relating to the right of other men are
unjust if the maxims (opinions) on which they
are based are not compatible with publicity.”
--Immanuel Kant--
10. Philosophy of Law
Public Law offers certain guarantees,
particularly the right of restraining others
from interfering with one’s possessions by
guaranteeing property rights. And it is
granting anyone with lawless freedom.
13. United in a relation of equality with
each other, rule over all the others;
Aristocracy
14. All together rule over each and all
individually, including themselves.
Democracy
15. International Law
1. Law Prior to War
2. Law During War
3. Law during peace or
after the cessation of
hostilities
16. Law Prior to War
Is in effect a state of war
granting right to the stronger. In
the same manner that persons
engage in an original social
contract, nations must enter into
an alliance to protect themselves
from external aggression.
17. Law During War
A nation has the right to declare
war as the result of any overt act
of injury, including arbitrary
retaliation or act of reprisal.
18. Law during peace or after
the cessation of hostilities
The right of nations after war
commences with the signing of
the treaty of peace which must
not contain punitive articles.
19. Kant lists the rights of peace as:
• The right to be in peace when war is
in the neighborhood, or the right of
neutrality.
• The right to have peace secured so
that it may continue when it has been
concluded, that is, the right of
guaranty.
• The right of several States to enter
into a mutual alliance.
