Here All Database Slides.

1. © NCC Education LimitedV1.0
Databases
Topic 1:
Introduction to the Module and Database
Fundamentals

2. Introduction to the Module and Database Fundamentals Topic 1 - 1.2
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Scope and Coverage
This topic will cover:
• An outline of the module.
• Some introductory topics
– What are databases?
– Examples of databases in use
– Data and information

3. Introduction to the Module and Database Fundamentals Topic 1 - 1.3
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Learning Outcomes
By the end of this topic, students will be able to:
• Give a definition of what a database is
• Give examples of databases in use
• Distinguish between data and information

4. Introduction to the Module and Database Fundamentals Topic 1 - 1.4
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List of Topics
1 Introduction to the module and database fundamentals
2 Databases and Database Management Systems (DBMS)
3 Entity Relationship (ER) Modelling (1)
4 Entity Relationship (ER) Modelling (2)
5 The relational model (1)
6 The relational model (2)
7 SQL (1)
8 SQL (2)
9 Database Design
10 Supporting transactions
11 Database implementation
12 Summary

5. Introduction to the Module and Database Fundamentals Topic 1 - 1.5
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Pedagogic Approach
• Lectures - 2 hours
• Tutorials - 1 hour
• Workshops - Beginning with 1 hour and then
moving to 2 hours
• Private study - approximately 7 hours

6. Introduction to the Module and Database Fundamentals Topic 1 - 1.6
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Assessment
• Examination 75%
• Assignment 25%

7. Introduction to the Module and Database Fundamentals Topic 1 - 1.7
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The Importance of Databases
• Relatively new technology – beginning properly in
1970s
• One of the most important components of
Information Technology
• Databases are everywhere

8. Introduction to the Module and Database Fundamentals Topic 1 - 1.8
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Student Activity - Brainstorm
• What databases hold information about you?
• What databases have you interacted with?
– Take a few minutes to think about this and write
down your answers

9. Introduction to the Module and Database Fundamentals Topic 1 - 1.9
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Examples of Use
• Supermarket checkout
• Purchasing using a credit card
• Booking a holiday
• Using a library
• Taking out insurance
• Obtaining a passport or other official document
• Using the Internet
• Studying at college or university

10. Introduction to the Module and Database Fundamentals Topic 1 - 1.10
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Personal Data
Health
Age
Type of Holiday
Where? How long?
Type of Activities.
Type of Insurance
Required?
Personal
Data
Insurance
Data
Health Insurance - 1

11. Introduction to the Module and Database Fundamentals Topic 1 - 1.11
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Health Insurance - 2
• To match a person to the right insurance policy:
– Collate the relevant data about the person
– Store this data somewhere
– Match the data to data about types of insurance
– If searching from more than one company, then this
might be on multiple databases
– Matching people to insurance might use an Expert
System.

12. Introduction to the Module and Database Fundamentals Topic 1 - 1.12
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What is a database?
• “A database is a computerised record keeping
system”
Date, C.J. (2003). An Introduction to
Database Systems 8th
Edition. Pearson
Education

13. Introduction to the Module and Database Fundamentals Topic 1 - 1.13
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Record Keeping Systems
• File system on a computer
• Word document
• Excel Spreadsheet
• Access database
• Manual card index file
• Files on a USB stick
• Are these all databases?

14. Introduction to the Module and Database Fundamentals Topic 1 - 1.14
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Database Functions
• Databases should be able to:
– Store
– Manipulate
– Retrieve

15. Introduction to the Module and Database Fundamentals Topic 1 - 1.15
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Database Size - 1
• Databases range in size:
– Single user databases on a PC
– Small office database with everyone doing the
same sorts of tasks
– Medium size database system with core data but
people doing different tasks
– Corporate databases spread over many sites
– Very large databases and data-warehouses

16. Introduction to the Module and Database Fundamentals Topic 1 - 1.16
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Database Size - 2
• They can be very large:
– The Wal-Mart data warehouse was (as of 2004)
about 500 tera-bytes in size
– To put this into perspective: 1 tera-byte, if it was
just holding text, would be able to hold over 200
million pages of text!

17. Introduction to the Module and Database Fundamentals Topic 1 - 1.17
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But databases aren’t like buckets!
• Database systems are not
just a mass of data
• It isn’t just about what they
can hold
• They are organised
• So we need a more precise
definition

18. Introduction to the Module and Database Fundamentals Topic 1 - 1.18
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More Detailed Definition
• “We define a database as an organised collection
of logically related data”.
Hoffer,J., Ramesh, V. and Toppi, H. (2010). Modern
Database Management, 10th
Edition. Pearson
Prentice Hall.

19. Introduction to the Module and Database Fundamentals Topic 1 - 1.19
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What does this mean?
• Organised
• Logically related
• Data

20. Introduction to the Module and Database Fundamentals Topic 1 - 1.20
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Organised
• Data is structured so as to be easily stored,
manipulated and retrieved by users.
• It is no good just having some data if we don’t
know how to get it in order to look at it and use it.

21. Introduction to the Module and Database Fundamentals Topic 1 - 1.21
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Related
• Pieces of data do not exist in isolation
• For example:
– In a salesperson’s database, it is natural for the
customer’s name and the customer’s address to be
stored together
– They are related
– Together, with other data about the customer, they
are part of a meaningful set

22. Introduction to the Module and Database Fundamentals Topic 1 - 1.22
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Student Activity: What is data?
• What qualities about you might be of interest to:
– College or university
– Social networking site

23. Introduction to the Module and Database Fundamentals Topic 1 - 1.23
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Types of Data 1: Traditional
• Text such as names, address etc.
• Numbers such as: how many children.
• Dates such as a date of birth

24. Introduction to the Module and Database Fundamentals Topic 1 - 1.24
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Types of Data 2: Multi-media
• Images
• Sounds
• Video
• Scans of documents

25. Introduction to the Module and Database Fundamentals Topic 1 - 1.25
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Data and Information
• Traditionally there has been a distinction made
between ‘data’ and ‘information’
• Data are ‘raw facts’
Baker, Kenneth 19.01.80 98778373
Bagum, Ammena 01.02.81 97327627
Ako, Sarah 08.08.81 98737373
Finkle, Clive 09.09.81 93838383
Mc Farren, Debra 01.01.80 98383837
Sinseros, Douglas 27.05.80 99344222

26. Introduction to the Module and Database Fundamentals Topic 1 - 1.26
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• Data that has been processed and given
meaning
Class list for Databases Module
Autumn Semester 2010
Student Name Student ID Date of Birth
Kenneth Baker 98778373 19th
Jan 1980
Ammena Bagum 97327627 1st
Feb 1981
Sarah Ako 98737373 8th
Aug 1981
Clive Finkle 93838383 9th
Sep 1981
Debra McFarren 98383837 1st
Jan 1981
Douglas Sinseros 99344222 27th
May 1980
Information

27. Introduction to the Module and Database Fundamentals Topic 1 - 1.27
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Information is Important
• Economically
• Politically
• Personally
• Databases are the key to information

28. Introduction to the Module and Database Fundamentals Topic 1 - 1.28
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Recap of Learning Outcomes
By the end of this topic, students will be able to:
• Give a definition of what a database is
• Give examples of databases in use
• Distinguish between data and information
• Have we met them?

29. Introduction to the Module and Database Fundamentals Topic 1 - 1.29
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References
• Chapter 1 of Connolly, T and Begg, C (2009). Database
Systems: A Practical Approach to Design, Implementation and
Management 5th
Edition. Addison Wesley
• Chapter 1 of Date, C.J. (2003). An Introduction to Database
Systems 8th
Edition. Pearson Education
• Chapter 1 of Hoffer,J., Ramesh, V. and Toppi, H. (2010).
Modern Database Management, 10th
Edition. Pearson Prentice
Hall.
• Schuman, E. (2004). At WalMart, World’s Largest Retail Data
Warehouse Gets Even Bigger. E-week.com 13/10/2004
[Available Online]
http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Enterprise-Applications/At-WalMart-W

30. Introduction to the Module and Database Fundamentals Topic 1 - 1.30
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Topic 1 – Introduction to the Module and
Database Fundamentals
Any Questions?