Market Research India - Cold Chains Market in India 2009

Cold Chains Market – India
Cold Chains Market India
September 2009

Executive Summary

 Total market for cold chains in India is valued at INR 100 bn in 2008; Estimated to reach INR 400 bn
in 2015
 Market comprises of two segments ‐ surface storage and refrigerated transport
Market  Majority of cold storages are located in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Maharashtra &
West Bengal
 Majority of existing cold storages cater to potato storage

Drivers: Challenges:
Ch ll
– Growth in Organized Retail – Lack of Logistical Support
Drivers & – Shift Towards Horticultural Crops – Uneven Distribution of Cold chains
Challenges – Growth in Processed Food Sector – Cost Structure
– Government Initiatives – Power Supply
Power Supply
– Demand from Pharmaceutical sector
 Cold Chains based on Public Private Partnership (PPP) model
 Rail Based Reefers
Trends  Cold Chain Facilities at Airports
p
 Backward Integration
 Private players dominate the market though state owned players are also present
 Surface Storage comprises of players like Fresh and Healthy Enterprise, Radha Krishna Foodland
Competition
p R f i
Refrigerated transport comprises of players like Snowman, Gati‐ K
d i f l lik S G i Kausar and XPS Cold Chain
d XPS C ld Ch i
 At least 50 companies are offering refrigerated transport services in India

COLD CHAINS MARKET – INDIA.PPT 2

•Introduction
•Market Overview
•Drivers & Challenges
•Trends
•Competition
•Key Developments
•Key Developments


Cold chains as used to preserve products by maintaining the
surrounding temperature
Supply / Procurement Transport Storage Transport End‐customer

Retail /
Terminal/
Manufacturers /
Manufacturers / Refrigerated Markets /
Refrigerated
Farms Cold Storage
Transport Transport Factory /
Port /
Airport

A cold chain is a temperature‐controlled supply chain, it consists of storage and distribution
Cold Chain activities which maintains a product at a given temperature range

Refrigerated Transport Surface Storage

Segments It uses refrigerator trucks, cars, van, rail,
It consists of refrigerated warehouses for
containers and ships for transporting
storage of essential products
perishable products
perishable products

Transportation Procurement
Key It includes all activities related to Involves activities such as aggregation,
Activities transportation of produce to the market grading , sorting , pre‐cooling, packaging
from farms or manufacturing location from farms or manufacturers


•Introduction
•Market Overview
•Trends
•Competition
•Key Developments
•Key Developments


Favorable government policies and rise in organized retailing has
lead to a growing market
Market Overview Market Size and Growth
•Cold chains market in India is at a nascent
INR bn
stage 400
400
 Cold storage facilities in India is available for only +22%
10% of agricultural ‐ produce 300

•Private players dominate the market though 200
state owned players are also present
p y p 100
100

•Current state of cold chains market is dismal:
0
 Fragmented and unorganized 2008 2015
 Inefficient capacity utilization
Segment Wise Break‐Up
 Lack of logistical support
Lack of logistical support
 High operating and capital costs Refrigerated Transport
•Market can be divided into two segments: 12%
 Surface Storage :
– It consists of refrigerated warehouses for storage
 Refrigerated Transport :
– Involves usage of refrigerated transport vehicles for
transportation
88%
Surface Storage


Majority of the cold storage facilities are utilized for potato
storage.. Surface Storage

Market Overview : Surface Storage Market Size and Growth
•India has 5386 cold storages with a capacity of INR bn
23.7 mn metric tonnes 400 352
+22%
•More than 56 % of current capacity is being 300
utilized for potato storage, while the rest is 200
used for preserving other commodities 88
100
•Facilities are not fully utilized or completely
0
unused for most of the year 2008 2015
 The gap for stationary cold storage infrastructure
is over 60% Cold Storages India
•Leading players in this segment include: Number of Cold Storages
 Fresh and Healthy Enterprise Capacity in mn tonnes
 Radha Krishna Foodland mn Tonnes
6,000
6 000 5,101
5 101 5,386
5 386 40
21.7 23.7
3,000 20

0 0
2006 2008


.. and are located in states of Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal,
Maharashtra & West Bengal Surface Storage

Overview Geographical Distribution of Cold Storages
•49 % of the cold storage facilities are located
in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal,
Maharashtra & West Bengal
•Majority of existing cold storage facilities cater
8%
to potato storage
5%
30%
2%

6%
Commodity Wise Distribution 7% 5% 10%

2%
2% 9%
4%
9% 3% Potatoes
Multipurpose 5%
Meat and Fish 3% Comprise 2 % of total
C i 2% f l
56% Milk and Milk Products cold storages
27%
Fruits and Veg
Others 3%
3%


Major demand for refrigerated transport comes from the export
market Refrigerated
Transport

Market Overview – Refrigerated Transport Market Size and Growth
•Key products that move through reefers
INR 100 bn
include 48
50
 Ice cream +22%
40
 Processed meat & poultry 30
 Marine products 20 12
 Preventive medicine (mainly vaccines) 10
 Chemicals 0
2008 2015
 Small quantities of fresh fruits and vegetables
•In terms of volume, current reefer Export – Domestic Market Split
transportation business is about 4 mn metric
transportation business is about 4 mn metric
tonnes and is expected to reach 14 mn metric
Domestic Consumption
tonnes within 5 years
•Key Players in this segment include:
37.5%
 XPS Cold Chain
 Gati ‐ Kausar 62.5%

Export Market


•Introduction
•Market Overview
•Trends
•Competition
•Key Developments
•Key Developments


Drivers & Challenges

Challenges
Drivers Lack of Logistical Support

Growth in Organized Retail
Uneven Distribution of Cold chains

Shift towards horticultural crops
Cost Structure

Growth in Processed Food Sector Power Supply

Government Initiatives

Demand from Pharmaceutical sector


Growth in organized retail and shift towards horticultural crops
has created a demand for cold chains in India
Growth in Organized Retail Impact
• Modern retail sector necessitates efficient supply between source and the end consumer
• According to estimates, nearly 40 % of fruits and vegetables are spoiled during transportation
• A number of players are thus investing in supply chains, including a warehouse and a cold chain
network to ensure the preservation of the produce

INR bn +26%
26%
1,090
1,000
350
0
2005 2010
Shift Towards Horticultural Crops Impact
• Due to increasing risks and investments in grain crops farmers are cultivating horticultural crops
• Horticultural crops need refrigerated storage, hence demand for cold chains is likely to increase
Shift towards horticultural crops
‘
192,210 202,678
202 678
200,000 182,817 30,000
150,000 20,000 Area (Thousand Hectares)
100,000
10,000 Production (Thousand Tonnes)
50,000
0 0
2006 2007 2008


Food processing sector is the key target segment for this
industry
Growth in Processed Food Sector Impact
• Changing consumer trend towards convenience and processed foods indicate a future for
greater storage capacities
• Government of India’s plans on setting up 30 mega food
 This is likely to propel demand for cold storage facilities
Fruit & Vegetables Dairy

INR bn INR bn
+27% 585.6
600 6,000 +14% 4,694.4
400 307.2 4,000 2,716.8
200 2,000 1,238.4
52.8
0 0
2004 2010 2014 2004 2010 2014
Snack & ready to eat foods Marine Products
INR bn INR bn
600 +34% 518.4 600
+18% 403.2
400 400
158.4 182.4
200 200 76.8
28.8
28 8
0 0
2004 2010 2014 2004 2010 2014


Government incentives are likely to attract more investments in
cold storage infrastructure
• 11th Plan, proposes a revamped Infrastructure Scheme for setting up of Mega Food Parks,
cold chain infrastructure, value added centers and packaging centers
Infrastructure
 Objective of the scheme is to provide backward and forward linkages as well develop reliable and
Development
p sustainable supply chain
sustainable supply chain
Initiatives
• GoI is initiating National Highway Development Program and is partnering with Indian
Railways to establish storage infrastructure
 Indian Railways is planning to invite private parties to run refrigerated container trains for transporting
agricultural products across the country

• As part of the 11th Plan, GoI would provide assistance to cold chain storage sector:
 Assistance for cold storages would be provided by the government agencies, such as the National
Government Horticulture Board, Agricultural Processing Food Products Development Authority, National Cooperative
Assistance Development Corporation and state governments, under their respective schemes
 Schemes have been planned to get financial support in the form of grants which for the general areas of
India would include 50% of the total cost of setting up plants and for North‐eastern areas of India would
include 75% of the cost

• 100% foreign direct investment is now permitted in the cold chain sector
100% foreign direct investment is now permitted in the cold chain sector
Excise Duty & • Union Budget 2008‐09 provided full excise duty exemption on cold chain refrigeration
FDI equipment (consisting of compressor, condenser units, evaporator) above 2 tonne
refrigeration (TR) utilizing power of 50 kW and above from excise duties
 It is effectively a 16% saving on the capital cost
y g p


Demand from Pharmaceutical sector is driving growth in this
sector
Demand from Pharmaceutical sector Impact
• Pharmaceutical sector depends on cold chain networks for storage of biotech drugs & vaccines
• Life‐saving drugs and products including vaccines are temperature sensitive
• The size of the Indian vaccine market is around INR 10 bn growing at 25‐30% annually
• There is a major shift taking place in the product portfolio of leading pharmaceutical companies
 Many of Pharma companies are bringing to the market products developed through advanced technology like
vaccines which requires maintenance of a proper cold chain right from the manufacturer’s premises till it
reaches the patients
reaches the patients
• Indian pharmaceutical companies are increasingly seeking opportunities to supply drugs to the
world market, thus cold‐chain management practices will be required to achieve this goal

Growth in Vaccine Market
Growth in Vaccine Market Growth of Pharma Industry
Growth of Pharma Industry

INR bn INR bn
+20% 960
50 45 1,000 +18%
40 800
31
30 600
20 400 302
10 200
0 0
2008 2010 2008 2015


Lack of logistical support and uneven distribution of cold chains
impede industry growth
Lack of Logistical Support Impact
• Fragmented cold chain industry has not encouraged the growth of cold logistics for
perishable horticulture produce
• Collection of fresh produce in small quantities from remote and scattered small farms
located at far off locations remains a logistic challenge
• Fresh produce are left on the road or fields till sufficient quantity is accumulated to make a
truck load for transportation to the local markets
•TTransportation of fresh harvested produce is generally in open body trucks
t ti ff hh t d d i ll i b d t k
• Standard Cold Stores and Refrigerated Transport Systems neither have the refrigeration
capacity nor the air circulation needed for pre‐cooling fresh horticulture produce at the
farm level or at the existing collection centers

Uneven Distribution of Cold chains / Capacity distribution
• Majority of the cold storages are located in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal,
Maharashtra, West Bengal, Punjab and Gujarat
• Cold storage facilities now available are mostly for single commodities like potato, orange, apple,
grapes, pomegranate and flowers, which result in poor capacity utilization
• This affects financial viability due to seasonal nature of such commodities
• The under‐utilized capacities, especially in the metros has depressed the pricing power


Higher operating costs make setting up cold storages difficult
and unviable
Cost Structure Impact
• Operating costs for Indian cold storage units are higher as compared to units in the US
Operating Cost per Cubic meter per year
Operating Cost per Cubic meter per year

INR
2,880
3,000
2,000 1,440
, 0
1,000
0
India US
• Energy expenses make up about 28% of the total expenses for Indian cold storages compared to
Energy expenses make up about 28% of the total expenses for Indian cold storages compared to
10% in the West
• These factors make setting up cold storages difficult, unviable and uneconomical
• About 30‐35% of the losses can be reduced by transporting the freshly harvested fruits and
g g g g p
vegetables in refrigerated containers thus closing this gap in the cold chain


Power shortage in India hampers industry growth

Power Supply Impact
• India’s power deficit is about 10%, with a peak deficit of 17% leading to chronic power shortage
• The power shortage in the country could lead to significant impacts on cold chain sector which is
dependant on electricity for refrigeration
• The purpose of setting up cold chains will be defeated if the power supply is erratic
 This would require investment in back‐up systems, which adds to the capital investment costs

Future Demand‐Supply Scenario Demand supply gap ~ 17%

Peak
P k 315
255 Energy (BU) Average Energy Demand
Base 197
147 800 Generation
120 101
197 600
173
71 75 107 112 400
200
Demand Supply Demand Supply Demand Supply
2007 2012 2017 0
VI VII VIII IX X


•Introduction
•Market Overview
•Trends
•Competition
•Key Developments
•Key Developments


Cold Chain based on Public
Backward Integration
Private Partnership (PPP) Model

Trends

Cold Chains Facilities at Airport
Rail based Reefers


PPP model is likely to drive demand in cold chain sector

Cold Chains based on Public Private Partnership (PPP) model
• Karnataka State Agricultural Produce Processing and Export Corporation Limited (Kappec),
PPP model
engaged in the promotion of exports of agricultural and horticultural produce, is setting up the
providing new
providing new
state’s first cold chain project under the public private participation (PPP) model at Hubli. opportunities for
• Kappec has partnered Hubli‐based Ken Agritech Pvt Ltd to form the new joint venture private sector
company, Tropicool Foods Pvt Ltd, to set up its first individually quick frozen (IQF) freezing unit
for processing mango and vegetables at Hubli
• Indian Railways is planning cold chain and warehousing facilities in PPP model for farm produce
at 7,000 railway stations
• Maharashtra State Agricultural and Marketing Board is planning to establish Terminal Markets
in major cities via PPP model
 These markets will be linked to the production areas by means of collection centers
 Terminal markets would have pre‐cooling, cold storage, ripening chambers, grading  and packaging facilities
• Tamil Nadu Govt. has established a central processing unit in PPP mode for cut flowers with
cold storage facilities and infrastructure for sorting, grading, packaging and export, at Hosur
 At Hosur similar infrastructure is being built for tomatoes
• India is planning a cold storage facilities in PPP model for its fishing harbor being planned  at
Rajakamangalam Thurai in Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu


Rail based reefers and cold chains at Airports are emerging as
new growth segments for this industry
Rail Based Reefers
• Concor provides rail based reefer services between Delhi and Mumbai
New
• APL and Gateway Distriparks  also provides rail based reefer services in India opportunities in
opportunities in
• Indian Railways is planning to introduce special trains for carrying perishable products rail based
• Railways is planning to  encourage creation of facilities of setting up cold storage and reefers
temperature controlled perishable cargo centers and its transportation through PPP mode

Cold Chain Facilities at Airports
• Cochin International Airport, Mumbai International Airport, Delhi International Airport and
Greenfield international airport projects such as Bangalore and Hyderabad are also setting up Likely to boost
refrigerated warehouses for perishable cargoes next to the airports trade in
 The Mumbai International Airport Private Ltd. has already installed four new cold rooms for pharmaceuticals perishable cargo
and has trained handling staff to ensure adherence to standard operating procedures
• Organization of Pharmaceutical Producers of India (OPPI) has tied up with Delhi International
( )
Airport Limited (DIAL) to overhaul and add to the existing cold chain facility in the Capital
 Under the project, DIAL  is planning to construct  4,000 square metres of additional cold room capacity
compared with the present cold room capacity of 400 square meters available in Delhi


Backward integration by large retail firms is likely to benefit from
this sector
Backward Integration
• Future Group has integrated backward—from food retailing to storage and transportation
with the launch of Future Logistics Retailers
 Future Logistics focuses on verticals like courier service, road transportation, freight forwarding, cold developing cold
chain infrastructure chains
• Reliance Retail started creating cold chains for their business in India
 Reliance Retail Limited (RRL) is investing INR 250 bn for its ‘farm to fork’ strategy. Its supply chains
would trade in the open market as well as serve its Reliance Fresh outlets
ld d i h k ll i R li F h l
• Cold Chain is a part of McDonalds supply chain in India


•Introduction
•Market Overview
•Trends
•Competition
•Key Developments
•Key Developments


The market is dominated by the private sector companies

Overview Sector Wise Split – Surface Storage
• Current cold chain capacity in the organized sector is
Co-operative Sector Public Sector
around 60,000 tonnes and is estimated to reach 40 %
by 2010 7%
2%
• It is a highly capital‐intensive industry
 A large‐size cold chain has a payback period of ~ 5 years
• Traditional networks of traders in fruits and
Traditional networks of traders in fruits and
vegetables are strong
91%
 Hence players are currently focusing on piecemeal
operations rather than creating a complete chain right from Private Sector
farm to retail Perishable Cargo transport India
• Distribution offers the largest margins in cold chain
Refrigerated transport vehicles
logistics
 At least 50 companies are offering refrigerated transport 20%
services in India
• Cold chain industry is likely to witness capacity
addition & investments in next 3 years
 Existing players that are expanding capacities & new 80%
players are planning to enter the market
Ordinary Vehicles


Major Players (1/7 )

Players Location Business Description
Acme Cold Chain • Gurgaon • Provides cold chain storage solutions
Solutions Pvt. Ltd.
Solutions Pvt. Ltd. g p j pp y
• It is working on a project to create farm to home supply chain
• It plans to install 2000 cold rooms and 5000 specially designed vendor
carts & cold boxes as a part of supply chain
• The company has planned an outlay of INR 10 bn for the same

Amar Cold Storage • Anand
d • It provides cold storage facilities for fruits & vegetables, packaging
d ld f l f f bl k
solutions and industrial refrigeration solutions

All India Frozen
All India Frozen • Thane • Offer refrigerated transportation services for the consignments
weighing between 15 MT to 20 MT
Food Carrier
• Undertakes transportation of frozen food consignments that weigh
between 9 MT to 13 MT

Bulaki Deep Freeze
Bulaki Deep Freeze • Delhi • Provides cold storage services at its facilities in Delhi
Provides cold storage services at its facilities in Delhi
• Undertakes the distribution of chilled & frozen products in refrigerated
vehicles to North India & within Delhi
• Provides C & F services on behalf of its clients

Note: This list is not exhaustive



Chaitanya • Bangalore • Storage & transportation services
Cold Storage • Key clients include Joy ice creams, Farm Suzanne, McCain Foods,
Dominoes, Pizza Hut, Vadilal Ice Cream
• Has 1 cold store and 10‐15 reefer trucks around Bangalore
Dev Bhumi Cold • Delhi • It provides cold storage for various commodities in Delhi
Chain • It has a capacity to store 3,000 tons of fresh fruit and vegetables, dairy
products, dry fruits, spices etc in Delhi
• It has 2,000 tons deep freeze facility for storage of frozen foods, milk
products, ice cream and sweet corn
• It has storage capacity of 1000 tons at its facility in Matiana which is
suitable for storing apples
Frick India • New Delhi and • Provides refrigeration equipment & storage services
Faridabad • Key customers include HLL, Allana, Al Kabeer
• Operates 2‐3 cold stores, centered around Delhi
• The company has milk‐chilling plants and cold storage facilities and
serves markets like Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra
Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh
• It set up capacity ranges from 500 tonnes to 5,000 tonnes




Fresh and Healthy • Delhi • A Wholly Owned Subsidiary of Container Corporation of India
Enterprises Ltd • Provide complete cold chain logistics solutions
(FHEL) • It is planning an INR 10 bn logistics expansion
• In 2007‐2008, FHEL procured, stored and marketed about 12,000 MT of
apples from Shimla & Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh
Financials:
•CCompany registered an operating turnover of INR 163 mn and a net loss
it d ti t f INR 163 d t l
of INR 181 mn in 2007‐08
Gati‐ Kausar • Delhi • Provides Refrigerated transportation of specialises in refrigerated
transportation of temperature‐sensitive products such as meat, dairy
p
products and pharmaceuticals
p
• Kausar India was acquired by Gati in 2007 for INR 143 mn
Financials:
• The company reported total income of INR 5.62 bn and a net profit of
INR 237.8 mn in FY’08




Gubba cold storage • Hyderabad • Services include Seed Cold Storage, cold Rooms for Pharma & Food
products and Pre‐Cooling of Fresh Produce
• H 3 6 illi C bi f t t
Has 3.6 million Cubic feet storage capacity
it
• Its clients include Advanta, Bayer bioscience, Vibha Agrotech, Cadbury,
Devgen Seeds, Indian Immunologial, Monsanto
Interavion • Bangalore • Provides cold chain solutions, packaging solutions and refrigerated
transport

MJ Logistics • Delhi • Provides Refrigerated transportation services
• Provides cold chain management services
Provides cold chain management services
• Its clients include Colgate Palmolive, Family Health International (FHI),
ITC Limited, RFCL Limited
• It has set up a logistics centre at Palwal (Delhi‐ Agra highway) in March
2009
OOCL Logistics (India) • Chennai, • Provides reefer logistic services
Private Limited Kolkata,
Mumbai,
Mundra,
Tuticorin, Delhi
Tuticorin, Delhi




Prasad Motors • Mangalore • It provides temperature control transportation services in its
refrigerated trucks
•M j
Major products handled include confectionary products,
d t h dl d i l d f ti d t
pharmaceuticals, dietary products, beverages, healthcare and food
products
Radha • Thane • Customized distribution & logistics services encompassing entire supply
Krishna
Ki h chain, such as storage, handling and distributions
chain such as storage handling and distributions
Foodland • Key clients include McDonald’s, RKHS, Dominos, Pizza Hut, hotels &
restaurants
• Radhakrishna Foodland has entered into a partnership with 5,400
farmers of Sangli’s Nandini Cooperative to expand their market reach

Refcon Carriers • Delhi • The company is involved in transporting goods requiring refrigeration
• It transports dairy products, chocolates, ice‐creams, frozen meat and
vegetables and fresh fruits




Snowman Frozen • Bangalore • Offers storage and integrated logistics services
Foods Ltd • National player with 16 cold stores across India
• Snowman is a joint venture between Gateway Distriparks Ltd.of
Singapore, Nichirei Logistics Group Inc. of Japan and Mitsubishi Logistics
Corporation
• Refrigerated Transport division has a fleet size of over 100 trucks
ranging from 24 ft to 6ft employing a mix fleet of Tata and Eicher trucks
ranging from 24 ft to 6ft employing a mix fleet of Tata and Eicher trucks
• It  launched ‘Snowman Express’, a fixed schedule part cargo solution for
frozen or chilled product consignments of 500kg and in multiples of
500kg backed by a door pick‐up & delivery service
• Key customers include HLL, Amalgam, GCMMF, Mother Dairy, Baskin
y , g , , y,
Robins, Mars, etc
• In 2009, it established 3,00,000 CFT warehouse which can store frozen
products at Changodar near Ahmedabad
• The company is set to triple its capacity with an investment of INR  1bn
and expand into tier II& III towns
and expand into tier II& III towns
Financials:
• The company reported a total income of INR 274.3 mn and a loss after
tax of INR 47.7 mn in FY’07




UAPL Cold Storage • Surat • Specializes in the storage and preservation of all types of vegetarian
foods, fruits, dry fruits, spices, jaggery, ice cream, pharmaceuticals, and
floriculture products
fl i lt d t
• Possess 4300 metric tonnes of cold space divided into 4 chambers
• It has over 700 metric tonnes of deep freezer space
• It has 1000 metric tonnes of warehousing space

XPS Cold Chain • Gurgaon • It is a division of TCI
• Provides transportation services
y y, g , j
• Key clients include Cadbury, Indian Immunologicals, Gujarat Co‐
Operative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd. (Amul). Domino's Pizza, Sunil
Synchem Ltd., Bhagat Aromatics Ltd., Radhakrishna Impex Pvt. Ltd., Dr.
Reddy, Workhardt Ltd
Financials
• The company reported a total income of INR 2633mn and profit before
tax of INR 171 mn in FY’07



•Introduction
•Market Overview
•Trends
•Competition
•Key Developments
•Key Developments


Key Developments

Date Development
20‐Aug‐2009 Snowman Frozen Foods Ltd, is planning to triple its capacity with an investment of INR 1 bn
19‐Aug‐ 2009 LMJ International Ltd is investing INR 5 bn for building 46 new warehouses across 12 States. All
warehouses would have about 10,000 tonnes of cold storage facility
warehouses would have about 10 000 tonnes of cold storage facility
4‐Jul‐2009 Ministry of Railways is planning to set‐up facilities for cold storage and temperature controlled
perishable cargo centres through the public‐private partnership mode
7‐Feb‐2009 Amul is planning to increase the capacities of its dairy plants and add some new ones. It is planning to
connect milk‐producing villages with more cold storage facilities
connect milk producing villages with more cold storage facilities
3‐Nov‐2008 Bahu Cold Storage & Ice Factory Pvt Ltd intends to construct an agriculture warehouse in Jammu at a
cost of INR 160mn


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Market Research India - Cold Chains Market in India 2009

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