Nursing theories in management including Florence Nightingale environmental theory, Virginia Henderson theory, Faye abdella theory.

1. Nursing theories

2. Introduction :
• The term “theory” is used in many ways. For example,
Nursing teachers and students are use the term “theory” to
refer to the content covered in classroom, as opposed to the
actual practice of performing nursing activities.
• Whatever the usages the term, “theory” almost always cannot
an abstraction or generalization.

3. Definition:
Theory is a systematic abstraction of reality that serves some
purpose.
( Chinn and Kramer 1991)
A set of concepts, definition, relationships and assumptions
that project a systematic view of a phenomenon.

4. Components of theory:
•Concepts :- Ideas and mental images that help to describe
phenomenon.
•Definitions :- Convey the general meaning of phenomenon
•Assumptions :- Statement that describe concepts
•Phenomenon :- Aspect of reality that can be consciously
sensed or experience

5. PURPOSES :
• The overall purpose of theory is to make scientific finding meaningful and
generalizable.
• Theories allow scientists to knit together observations and facts into an
orderly system.
• Theories provide a method of classifying ad organizing data in a logical
and meaningful manner.
• Theories are always changing at any given point of time. In a given area
of study, theories in all stages of development can be found.

6. Types :
PRESCRIPTIVE THEORIES
(Address nursing intervention
and predict their consequences)
GRAND THEORIES
(Broad and complex)
DESCRIPTIVE THEORIES
(First level of theory
development)
MIDDLE RANGE THEPRIES
(Address specific phenomenon
and reflect practice)

7. How do nurses use theory in every day practice:
• Organize, understand and analyze patient data
• Make decision about nursing intervention
• Plan patient care
• Predict outcomes of care
• Evaluate patient outcomes

8. Essential concepts in nursing theory:
•Man
•Health
•Environment
•Nursing

9. 1. Florence nightingale environmental theory:
•Often consider the first nurse theorist
•Define nursing as “ the act of utilizing the environment of
patient to assist him in his recovery.
•This theory is a integral part of nursing today

10. Five factor of nightangle theory:
•Pure or fresh air
•Pure water
•Efficient drainage
•Cleanliness
•Light

12. General concept of environmental sanitation:
• Proper ventilation
• Adequate lightning
• Cleanliness
• Adequate warmth
• Quite
• Diet

13. Four major concepts of theory :
Environment : physical component of environment include
ventilation, warming , health of houses, light, noise, bed and
bedding, cleanliness of rooms and walls, food.
Social and psychological environment includes advices and
observations of sick.

14. Person: Person is the individual who receives the nursing
care
Health: Health dose not mean be well only but to be able to
use power of individual.
Nursing : Means who are educated in the art and the science
of nursing. Able to apply nursing process.

15. Application of theory in nursing process:
Assess
ment
Nursing
diagnosis
Goal Plannin
g
Rationale Implement
-ation
Evaluation

16. Suggestions:
•Maintain adequate ventilation
•Promote adequate and appropriate nutrition
•Maintain normal homeostatic body temperature
•Observe basic hygiene
•Comfort measures including environmental sanitation

17. 2. Virginia Henderson's theory:

18. •Also known as fourteen fundamental need theory
•Born in 1897 in Kansas city in massorie
•Attended army school of nursing at Walter reed hospital and
completed diploma in 1921
•Completed her bachelors and masters degree in 1934 from
teachers college, Colombia university.
•She work as a instructor from 1924-1934, nursing faculty
member at Colombia university till 1948 then work as a
nursing research associate in 1954 at Yale university of
nursing
•Also known as morden day mother nursing.

19. 14 basics needs:
1. Breathing normally
2. Eating and drinking adequately
3. Eliminating body wastes
4. Moving and maintaining desirable position
5. sleeping and resting
6. Selecting suitable clothes

20. 7. Maintaining body temperature within normal range
8. Keeping the body clean and well groomed
9. Avoiding dangers in the environment
10. Communicating with others
11. Worship according to one’s faith
12. Working in such a way that one feels a sense of
accomplishment

21. 13. Playing/ participating various forms of recreation
14. Learning, discovering and satisfying the curiosity that
leads to normal development and health and using
available health facilities.

23. Major concepts :
• Environment : It involves patient family and avoiding
dangers in the environment.
• Person : Is an individual need helps to achieve health,
independent and peaceful death.

24. •Health : Balance in all realms of life or ability to
independently perform 14 basic needs
•Nursing : infinite need for knowledge of biological and social
sciences and skills based on them

25. Application in nursing process:

27. Faye abdella theory:
Problem solving approach to 21 nursing problems

28. •She was born on 13 march 1919 in New York city
•Dedicated her life to nursing as a educator and researcher
•First women to become a surgeon general as a nurse
•Graduate with master degree at Colombia university
•Bachelor degree in nursing 1945, master degree in
physiology 1947, doctorate in education 1955

29. •Focus on proper identification of problems, nursing diagnosis
•Nurse centered
•Nursing is a comprehensive service that based on art and
science. Its main aim is to help the people sick or well.

30. 21 nursing problems:
•To maintain good hygiene
•To promote optimal activity, exercise, rest and sleep
•To promote safety
•To maintain good body mechanics
•To facilitate the maintenance of a supply of oxygen
•To facilitate maintenance of nutrition

31. •To facilitate maintenance of elimination
• To facilitate the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance
• To recognize the psychological response of the body to
disease condition
• To facilitate the maintenance of regulatory mechanisms and
functions
• To facilitate the maintenance of sensory function

32. • To identify and accept positive and negative expressions, feelings
and reactions
• To identify and accept interrelatedness of emotions and illness
• To facilitate the maintenance of effective verbal and non-verbal
communications
• To promote the development of productive interpersonal
relationship
• To facilitate progress towards achievement of personal spiritual
goals

33. • To create and maintain a therapeutic environment
• To facilitate awareness of self as an individual with varying needs
• To accept the optimum possible goals
• To use community resources as an aid in resolving problems arising
from illness
• To understand the role of social problems as influencing factors

35. Major concepts: