2. INTRODUCTION
โ Yellow fever is an acute viral disease transmitted by
infected mosquitoes
โ The โyellow โ in the name denotes the jaundice that
affects some patients
โ World wide there are about 200000 cases of yellow
fever with 30000 deaths every year and 90% occur in
Africa (WHO)
3. DEFINITION
Yellow fever is a mosquito-born viral disease that occurs
in tropical and subtropical areas. It can occur in males
and females of any age. Yellow fever belongs to the
flaviviridae family.
It affects principally monkeys and other vertebrates in
tropical America and Africa and is transmitted to man by
certain cullcine mosquitoes
4. CAUSATIVE AGENT
โ Flavivirus fibricus , a member of togavirus family
causes yellow fever
โ The reservoir of infection-forest - monkeys, forest
mosquitoes and man in urban areas
โ Man is infectious during first 3 to fourth day of
illness
5. HOST FACTORS
โ In absence of immunity both sexes are affected
โ Hunters, woodcutters and workers of the forests
6. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
โ Population mobility
โ Urbanisation
โ Favourable temperature of 24 degree Celsius for the
multiplication of virus in the mosquitoes
7. TRANSMISSION
โ Mosquito the primary vector carries of the virus
from one host to another , primarily between
monkeys,from monkeys to humans and from
person to person
โ There are different species of the Aedes and
haemogogus mosquitoes transmit the virus
9. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
The โacute โphase
The main symptoms are fever,shivering, muscle pain and
backache , headache , loss of appetite,and nausea or
vomiting.
Iโm most cases symptoms gets vanished within 3 to 4 days
and condition improves. Around 15%of patients face the
toxic phase within 24 hours of the initial remission
10. TOXIC PHASE
โ Patient again has high temperature and quite a
few body systems are affected
โ Appearance of jaundice
โ Has abdominal pain and vomiting
โ Bleeds through the orifices like
mouth,nose,eyes or stomach.following which
blood is found in the vomit and feces
11. โ Kidney function worsens
โ May get in to shock ,agitation,coma,stupor
โ 50% of patients in toxic phase may die within 10-
14 days , the others may appear without major
organ damage
12. PREVENTION AND CONTROL
VACCINATION
โ A single dose of live,attenuated vaccine 0.5mL is
given subcutaneously at the site of insertion of
deltoid muscle
โ The vaccine must be reconstituted immediately
before use with the sterile diluent provided (sodium
chloride injection)
13. โ the vaccine needs to be administered within 1 hour
of reconstitution.once reconstituted,a multi dose vial
should be maintained and the remaining doses
should be used or discarded within 1 hour
โ International health regulation(IHRS)requires re
vaccination at intervals of 10 years to boost
antibody titer
