Communicable diseases

1. ASCARIASIS

2. INTRODUCTION
 Ascariasis is an infection of the small intestine caused
by ascarias lumbricoids, a large round worm.
Ascariasis is found found globally. Infection occurs
with highest frequency in topical and subtopical
regions, and in any areas sanitation is poor. Around
10% of people in developing world is found to have
warm infection and a large portion of which is caused
by ascaris. Worldwide severe forms of ascaris are
causing about 60000 dates per year, in children.

3. DEFINITION
 Ascariasis also known as a roundworm, is an initial
infection caused by the parasitic one excuse lumbricoids,
and a part of family of parasites known as soil-
transmitted helminthes.

5. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRIAD

6. CAUSATIVE AGENT
• Ascaris lumbricoids causes ascariasis.
• Ascaris lumbricoids lives in small intestine of
infected individual.

7. HOST FACTORS
 Man is the only reservoir of infection.
 Children are infected more than adults.
 The most common age group affected in 3 to 8 years.
 The eggs are excreted in feces.
 Infected person is communicable until all fertile
females are destroyed and stools are negative.

8. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
Indiscriminate open air disfection is the main
reason for the spread of infection.
The eggs excreted in the feces become
embryonated in the external environment and
become infective within 2 to 3 weeks

9. MODE OF TRANSMISSION
 Fecle and oral root
INCUBATION PERIOD
* It is about two months.

10. CLINICAL SYMPTOMS OF ASCARIASIS
 Nausea
 Vomiting
 Abdominal pain
 Cough
 Constipation
 Intestinal obstruction

11. PREVENTION AND CONTROL
PRIMARY PREVENTION:
• Provision for safe drinking water.
• Proper disposal of excreta.
• Provision of latrines.

12. HEALTH EDUCATION
• Avoid contact with sail that mays be contaminated
with human feces.
• Wash hands with soap and water before, handling
food.
• Wash all raw vegetables and fruits before cooking
protect food from sail.
• Trim nails.
• Scrub hands tharoughly with soap and water before
eating feeding children.
• Wash hands with soop and water after visiting the
toilet.

13. SECONDARY PREVENTION:
Cases are diagnosed by stool examination.
Infected persons are treated with ----
*Piperazine: 75mg/kg body weight since 2 days with
maximum dose of 3.5 g for 2 days.
*Mebendazale: 100 mg BD since 3 days.
*Levamisale: 2.5 mg/kg body weight maximum dose of
150 mg.
*Pyrantel: 10 mg/kg body weight a single maximum
dose of 1g.

14. MASS TREATMENT
 Period deworming at intervals of 2 to 3
months is recommended to reduce the worm-
load in the community.

15. CONCLUSION
Sonography can be helpful in diagnosing
the presence of treatment. Early surgical
intervention in those with worm bolus,
peritonism, and valvulus may salvage
bowel and reduce mortality.