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International Project
1. Introduction.....................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.1 Background context............................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.2 What is Hyper Loop?.......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.3 Objectives..................................................................................................................3
1.4 Why The Need? .......................................................................................................3
2. Scope and Project Charter..........................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
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2.4 Hyper loop One .................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.5 Routes overall the world ........................................................................................5
2.6 Hyper loop Transportation Technologies ............................................................5
2.7 Engineering Milestones .........................................................................................5
2.8 Project Charter ........................................................................................................6
3. Stakeholders of the Project ......................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
4. Cost and scheduling ...................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
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4.2 Scheduling........................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
5. Risk management.........................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Conclusion
National Project
1. Introduction....................................................................................................................10
1.1 Background context...............................................................................................10
1.2 What is Engro coal power? ..................................................................................10
1.3 Objectives of Engro coal power...........................................................................10
1.4 Why The Need Engro coal power in Thar? .......................................................10
2. Scope and Project Charter........................................1Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.1 Scope..................................................................1Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2 Working Phases ..............................................1Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3 Constructions ....................................................1Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4 Public Private Partnership ..............................1Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.8 Project Charter ................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3. Stakeholders of the Project ......................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
4. Cost and scheduling ...................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
5. Risk management.........................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Conclusion
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1.Introduction
Hyper loop offers a potential revolution in transport. It could transform how we perceive
distance by enabling aircraft speeds at ground level in an on-demand point-to-point transport
system.
Hyper loop refers to the concept described by Elon Musk in his paper, Hyper loop Alpha1, which
is a new, very high speed, transportation mode, published in 2013 and involves either passenger
carrying vehicles that operate inside tubes with air free to create a low-pressure environment.
The reduced air resistance resulting enable the vehicles to reach very high speeds; 2-3 times
faster than high speed rail. owners also claim that the system can enable direct, on-demand travel
rather than a scheduled service as provided by other forms of public transport, could be more
environmentally friendly than other modes and could be cheaper than high-speed rail.
1.1 Background Context
The idea of a mass transport system that involves propelling vehicles along low pressure tubes
was discussed as long ago as the late 17th century following the invention of the world’s first
artificial vacuum. Many subsequent configurations have been attempted for transporting both
small parcels and messages, and even passengers, such as the following experimental system
erected at the American Institute in New York (as shown in figure).
1.2 What is Hyper Loop?
Three years later, Elon Musk published his proposal for the Hyper loop in a 57-page white paper.
According to his design, sealed pods containing 28 people each would whisk through tubes. A
trip from NYC to DC would take 29 minutes, he tweeted in 2017 (as shown in figure).
1.3 Objectives
The purpose of hyper loop are reducing construction, great distance in short amount of
time, travel at high speed and maintained costs of the rail, compared to the alternatives, it should
ideally be:
1. Safer
2. Faster
3. Lower cost
4. More suitable
5. protected to weather
6. Sustainably self powering
7. Resistant to earthquakes
8. Controllability
1.4 Why The Need?
Conventional means of transportation (road, water, air, and rail) tend to be some mix of
expensive, slow, and environmentally harmful. Road travel is particularly problematic, given
carbon emissions and the fluctuating price of oil. As the environmental dangers of energy
consumption continue to worsen. Rail travel is relatively energy efficient and offers the most
environmentally friendly option, but is too slow and expensive to be particularly adopted. Given
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these issues, the Hyper loop aims to make a cost-effective, high speed transportation system for
use at reasonable distances. As an example of the right type of distance, Musk uses the route
from San Francisco to L.A. (a route the high-speed rail system will also cover).
2. Scope and Project Charter
2.1 Scope
Hyper loop is expected to be the fifth mode of transport in the future. At present, hyper
loop is in a development stage, and a number of companies have started testing this technology.
The scope of the study covers segmentation by system type and by carriage type. The system
type segmentation includes capsule, tube, propulsion system and other systems while the carriage
type includes passenger and cargo/freight.
2.2 How does the hyper loop work?
The speed of conventional trains and all land based transport is limited by friction, both against the
air ahead and the ground below. Hyper loop significantly reduces friction in both of these areas.
First, the tunnels through which it operates have most of their air removed. They are not complete
vacuums, but much less air means reduced friction and less energy is required to reach a higher speed.
Secondly, Musk's design saw the hyper loop pods, each containing a handful of passengers, held above
the ground by a layer of air. The Hyper loop tubes would have solar panels installed on the roof,
allowing for a clean and self-powering system.
Musk suggested that the power required to remove air from the tunnels and propel the pods along
would come from solar panels of the tunnel.
2.3 Who is building the hyper loop?
Musk, early lead in making his hyper loop dreams a reality was fought between Hyper loop One
and Hyper loop Transportation Technologies (HTT), both based in the US but with plans to build
hyper loop is started from enter countries.
2.4 Hyper loop One
Hyper loop after investment from Richard Branson's company in late-2017. Pods are driven
along a track which is essentially an electromagnetic motor unwound and laid flat along the floor
of the tunnel. When a current is fed through the track, the pods move forwards, accelerating until
they reach a speed where they lift up and are guided by magnets. A series of vacuum pumps
remove much of the tunnel's air to the point where the atmosphere is similar to being 200,000
feet above sea level. Naturally, the pods will be pressurized like an airplane cabin.
Hyper loop One says its 670mph system will be "automated by the most advanced systems in the
world, allowing a safe and efficient journey that is never delayed or overbooked."
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2.5 Routes overall the world
The company has been the most forthcoming in regard to planned hyper loop locations. These
include several proposed routes across the US, UK, Europe and the Middle East, although none
have yet been given the green light for construction to begin. Given its wealth, open space and
interest in innovative technologies, the United Arab Emirates is a strong candidate for the first
hyper loop, which is expected to operate between Dubai and Abu Dhabi early next decade.
Other routes considered by Hyper loop One include connecting London with Edinburgh, Los
Angeles with San Diego, Miami with Orlando, FL, Reno, NV with Las Vegas, and Chicago with
Columbus, OH and Pittsburgh, PA.
2.6 Hyper loop Transportation Technologies
Hyper loop Transportation Technologies (HTT) also launched soon after Musk published his
white paper, and although based in the US it has so far made the most progress in Eastern
Europe, India and South Korea, where feasibility studies are taking place.
The company's R&D centre in Toulouse, France was working on the first full-scale hyper loop
passenger capsule, that was unveil in early 2018. Much larger than those designed by Musk, each
HTT capsule will be 98.5 feet long, 9 feet in diameter, weigh 20 tons and carry between 28 and
40 passengers at up to 760mph.
HTT will place rows of magnets along the track and on the underside of each capsule. Repelling each
other, the magnets force the capsule to levitate once it is driven forward by an electric motor.
Once the capsule is levitating and traveling through a tunnel with its air removed, HTT claims
very little energy is required to sustain speeds of over 700mph.
2.8 Engineering Milestones
Time Works Time Works
Aug 2015 Big Tube Mar 2017 Hyper Structure Complete
May 2015 Open air Test May 2017 Full System Test
Aug 2015 Loop working start July 2017 Speed Test
Nov 2015 Technology Installed 2018 Production Preparation
2.7 Features:
Hyper loop pod is tipped to carry around 28-40 passengers. It will transfer 164,000 passengers
daily. Taking just 40 seconds to depart, customers won’t want to miss their slot. The Hyper loop
One tunnel will be 100 feet long and 2.7m in diameter. It’s set to launch in Dubai next year, but
will begin trials in the Nevada desert this year.
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PROJECT CHARTER
Project Name: Hyper loop Version Concept: Elon Musk, 2013
Project Manager:Simin Lin Client and Sponsor: Space X
Corporation and Tesla Motors
Date:
Start date April 4,2017
End date June 2019
Teammembers: Cameron Boyce ,
Mohammad Afaneh, Tai Dinah
1. PROJECT GOALS
Ensure safety of all on-board passengers
Minimize or eliminate damage
Maintain uninterrupted operation of unaffected pods
Minimize cost of system implementation
2. DELIVERABLES
The ground transportation technology envisions moving people (and, no doubt, cargo) between cities in
pods or capsules traveling on magnetized tracks in vacuum tubes running above or below ground. For
decades, hyper loop has been the stuff of science fiction. But advances in technology, and mounting
frustration with existing transit modes, means hyper loop has gone from fantasy to likely fruition. Getting
hyper loop on the fast track is a goal.
3. SCOPE DEFINITION
Conventional means of transportation (road, water, air, and rail) tend to be some mix of expensive, slow,
and environmentally harmful. Road travel is particularly problematic and Rail travel is relatively energy
efficient and offers the most environmentally friendly option, but is too slow and expensive. The Hyper
loop aims to make a cost-effective, high speed transportation system for use at moderate distances.
4. PROJECT MILESTONES
Project start : April 4, 2015
Engineering work start: August 2015
Production completion : 2018
7. Page # 7
5. ASSUMPTIONS, CONSTRAINTS, FEATURES andRISKS
Constraints: the vehicle floats above the track using magnetic levitation and glides at airline speeds for
long distances due to ultra-low aerodynamic drag. Virgin Hyper loop One systems will be built on
columns or tunneled below ground to avoid dangerous grade crossings and wildlife.
Assumptions: The Hyper loop is working in the ideal condition. People have been dreaming of high-
speed travel in tubes, including in vacuum, for more than a century. And many of the technologies
we’re combining have been around for a while: linear electric motors, vacuum pumps.
Risks and Dependencies: Pressure sensor failure, Natural disasters, Staff mismanagement.
6. Roles and Responsibilities
Project Manager
Help the team divide the tasks and resolve issues.
Liaison between clients and team members.
Allocate available resources to maximize group efficiency.
Ensure deliverables are completed by project deadline.
Motivate the team members to perform their tasks.
Budget Lead
Develop breakdown of component costs.
Appropriate budget for each component/subsystem
Communicate with Technical Leads to ensure subsystem design specifications are met within
financial resources.
Communicate with Project Manager to ensure the team is meeting the budget guidelines.
Technical Lead #1 (Design)
Develop component designs to satisfy objectives/constraints of project.
Plan and design subsystems of HTBC
Prioritize relative importance of components and communicate information with Budget Lead.
Communicate with Project Manager to ensure they are meeting project guidelines.
Technical Lead #2 (Testing & Implementation)
Perform calculations on components to satisfy the objectives / constraints of project.
Communicate with Technical Lead#1 by providing numerical details required for
implementation.
Perform simulation and software testing.
Communicate with Project Manager to ensure they are meeting project guidelines
3. Stakeholders of the Project
1. Top Management
(president, vice-presidents,
directors, division
managers).
Top management may include Jay Walder CEO, Josh
Giegel Co-founder & Chief Technology Officer,
Shervin Pishevar Co-Founder, Srikumaar Ganesan
Business Development Specialist, These people direct
the strategy and development of the organization.
8. Page # 8
2. Projectteam
(leadership, direction, and
support to team members
to complete tasks.)
The project team is made up of those people dedicated to
the project or borrowed on a part-time basis. Project team
include Jay Walder, Jim Messina, Josh Giegel, Sultan
Ahmed Sulayem. Project team members have low
powers. So, project manager will monitor them. Their
influence on project is high.
3. Government
(Municipal, Provincial,
Federal, to International).
Project managers of hyper loop are working in certain
heavily regulated environments (e.g., pharmaceutical,
banking, or military industries) will have to deal with
government regulators and departments. These can
include all or some levels of government from
4. Engineer Engineers are not just involved in the building of
technology. Their role is important in every stage of a
project. So, their impact on the project is high having
high powers, high interest in the project. HTT include
Patryk Oleniuk Lead Data Engineer, Sandhya Raghavan
Sr. Data Engineer, Sandhya Jetti Senior Electrical
Engineer.
5. Companies TÜV SÜD and Munich Re presented the first insurance
framework for existing systems and licensing as part of
future commercial systems.
6. Resource Managers
Project managers are in the position of borrowing
resources, other managers control their resources. So
their relationships with people are especially important. If
we talking about hyper loop in which acquire the best
staff and the best equipment for their projects is very
important.
7. Sponsor A sponsor is the person or group who provides supplies
and support for the project and is liable for assisting
success. It includes Emily White, Peter Diamandis Board
Observer, David Murray-Hundley Advisor.
8. Customers and users Users of hyper loop are its passenger who will travel and
take its advantages directly.
9. Sellers Sellers, also known as vendors, are external companies
that enter into a contractual agreement to provide services
or resources necessary for the project.
10. Business partners They are external organizations that have a special
relationship or partnership with the enterprise.
11. Organizational
groups
Organizational groups are internal stakeholders who are
influenced by the actions of the project team. For
example, human resources, marketing, sales, legal,
finance, operations, manufacturing, etc.
12. Investors Caspian VC Partners
DP World Group(Sultan Ahmed Bin Sulayem).
Virgin Group(Richard Branson
9. Page # 9
4. Cost and scheduling
4.1 Cost
The total cost of the Hyper loop passenger transportation system as outlined is less than $6
billion USD. The passenger plus vehicle version of Hyper loop is including both passenger and
cargo capsules and the total cost is outlined as $7.5 billion USD. Hyper loop One has received
investment of $245M to date and hopes to begin construction of its first route in 2019, with
commercial services starting in 2021. And its founders also claimed that ticket prices for the Los
Angeles to San Francisco route would be as low as $50-80, and the journey would take just 35
minutes.
4.2 Scheduling
Project start : April 4, 2015
Engineering work start: August 2015
Production completion : 2018
5. Risk management
Although in theory it sounds fantastic, it is important to consider the several challenges hyper
loop faces in both construction and its impact on society. The biggest speed bump hyper loop
faces is the cost of the technology and elaborate tube system, estimated to cost millions of
dollars.
The vehicle is transported by electric propulsion1 through a low-pressure tube and floats above
the track using magnetic levitation. The long vacuum chamber manufacturing requires advanced
technical skills which are costly and also risky to maintain. High risk to life, limited space in the
train and land use rights are some other concerns and challenges that hyper loop will face, not to
mention the installation would require a large number of trees to be cut down, leading to
environmental loss.
6. Conclusion
The development of Hyper loop as the 5th mode of travel has the potential to provide a
revolutionary transportation alternative in the rapidly evolving modern world. Hyper loop has
many inherent safety and performance advantages over existing transportation methods, however
like all modes of transportation it has associated risks and hazards. This paper has discussed
some of the development efforts at HTT to identify those risks and hazards and mitigate them
through careful capsule design and operational procedures. These and other efforts will continue
through the design, verification and certification stages of this new transportation technology.
This process along with on-going development of new standards and regulatory activities will
result in Hyper loop installations that exceed the expectations for modern transportation systems.
10. Page # 10
National Project
1. INTRODUCTION
Coal accounts for around 40% of electricity production globally making it the most important
means of power generation in the world and is a major source of carbon dioxide emissions. It has
achieved its incomparability as a power station fuel because it is cheap and widely available. The
fuel has been used as a source of energy for over 4000 years but electricity production from coal
only began at the end of the nineteenth century. Initially it was based on steam engines but it
advanced with the development of the steam turbine to become the major means of generating
electricity during the twentieth century. Many nations have built their prosperity on coal. The
largest national users of coal for power generation are China, the USA and India.
1.1 Background Context
The burning of coal to generate electricity is a relative newcomer in the long history of this fossil
fuel. It was in the 1880s when coal was first used to generate electricity for homes and factories.
In 1882 the world's first coal-fired public power station, the Edison Electric Light Station, was
built in London, a project of Thomas Edison organized by Edward Johnson. By 1961, coal had
become the major fuel used to generate electricity in the United States.
1.2 What is Engro coal power project:
Engro Coal power plants are defined as “the electrical power generating stations where coal is
the fuel to combust heat source”. Here, the heat (steam) obtained by coal combustion is
converted into electrical energy. These power plants are also called thermal power plants.
Engro power plant is a new coal-fired power station located in the Tharparkar district, Sindh,
Pakistan. It is Pakistan's first power plant to use local coal reserves of Thar.
1.3 Objective of Engro power plant Thar (EPTL)
The overall objective of developing (EPTL) is to generate electric power from in-
country coal resources, to reduce the country's dependence on imported coal, and to contribute
towards bridging the gap between electricity supply and demand.
1.4 Need of Engro power plant in Thar:
Pakistan was previously facing a serious energy crisis: the energy shortfall exceeds 6,000 MW.
The rapid increase in energy demand from growing demographic pressures and extreme
industrialization has contributed to the crisis. Coal plays a minor role in Pakistan’s energy mix,
although the Thar Desert having one of the largest undeveloped coal reserves in the world.
Pakistan’s annual demand for coal exceeds supply; therefore, Pakistan relies upon imported coal
to fulfill its requirements, particularly for industrial uses.
2. Project scope
In subsequent phases, chemical and fertilizer plants would be set-up as part of a Mega Petro-
Chemical Complex which would be supported by additional coal mining. Power transmission
11. Page # 11
line of 500 KV will be planned and constructed for 1000 mw power dispersal to power grid
network.
2.1 Working Phases:
Development of site for the Power Plant,
Construction of Power Plant (boiler, steam turbine, and generator)
Commissioning and operation of the Power Plant,
Storage of coal within power plant surrounding area,
Disposal of power plant waste, and
Decommissioning of Power Plant.
Electricity generated from the project will be connected to the national electricity grid at Matiari,
from where power can be directed to Karachi or towards northern Pakistan via the Matiari to
Lahore and Matiari to Faisalabad 660 kilovolt transmission lines.
2.3 Public Private Partnership
Joint Venture (JV) Company Structure:
40% Shares owned by the Government of Sindh (GoS)
60% Shares owned by Engro Power
PROJECT CHARTER
Project Name: Engro Coal
power plant
Version Concept: Elon Musk, 2013
Date:
Start date April ,2016
End date June 2019
Client and Sponsor: PPSukuk
1. PROJECT GOALS
To Overcome the energy crises in Pakistan,
to generate electric power from in-country coal resources,
to reduce the country's dependence on imported coal.
2. DELIVERABLES
Remove Energy crises from the country and give easy life with usage of internal resources.
3. SCOPE DEFINITION
To overcome the current energy crisis, Pakistan has no other alternative except development of
indigenous energy resources.
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4. PROJECT MILESTONES
Project start : 2015
Engineering work start: August 2016
Production completion : 2019
5. ASSUMPTIONS, CONSTRAINTS, FEATURES andRISKS
Constraints: stop load shading, build easy life.
Assumptions: Engro power plant work with ideal conditions with coal, estimated project cost is 2 billion
dollars.
Risks and Dependencies: Pressure sensor failure, Natural disasters, Staff mismanagement.
6. Roles and Responsibilities
Project Manager
Help the team divide the tasks and resolve issues.
Liaison between clients and team members.
Allocate available resources to maximize group efficiency.
Ensure deliverables are completed by project deadline.
Motivate the team members to perform their tasks.
Budget Lead
Develop breakdown of component costs.
Appropriate budget for each component/subsystem
Communicate with Technical Leads to ensure subsystem design specifications are met within financial
resources.
Communicate with Project Manager to ensure the team is meeting the budget guidelines.
Technical Lead #1 (Design)
Develop component designs to satisfy objectives/constraints of project.
Plan and design subsystems of ECPP.
Prioritize relative importance of components and communicate information with Budget Lead.
Communicate with Project Manager to ensure they are meeting project guidelines.
Technical Lead #2 (Testing & Implementation)
Perform calculations on components to satisfy the objectives / constraints of project.
Communicate with Technical Lead#1 by providing numerical details required for implementation.
Perform simulation and software testing.
Communicate with Project Manager to ensure they are meeting project guidelines
13. Page # 13
3. Stakeholders of the Project
There are both types of stakeholders internal as well as external.
1. Top Management
(president, vice-presidents,
directors, division
managers).
These people direct the strategy and development of the
organization, Engro Powergen Limited (EPL).
2. Projectteam
(leadership, direction, and
support to team members
to complete tasks.)
The project team is made up of those people dedicated to the
project or borrowed on a part-time basis. Project team
members have low powers. So, project manager will monitor
them. their influence on project is high.
3. Government
(Municipal, Provincial,
Federal, to International).
Project managers of ECPP are working in certain heavily
regulated environments (e.g., pharmaceutical, banking, or
military industries) will have to deal with government
regulators and departments. These can include all or some
levels of government from
4. Engineer Engineers are not just involved in the building of technology.
Their role is important in every stage of a project. So, their
impact on the project is high having high powers, high
interest in the project.
and China Machinery Engineering Company (CMEC) (35%)
5. Resource Managers
project managers are in the position of borrowing resources,
other managers control their resources. So their relationships
with people are especially important. If we talking about
ECPP in which acquire the best staff and the best equipment
for their projects is very important. EPTL's majority ordinary
shares are owned by Engro Powergen Limited (EPL) (50.1%)
6. Sponsor A sponsor is the person or group who provides supplies and
support for the project and is liable for assisting success.
owned by Habib Bank Limited (HBL) (9.5%) and Liberty
Mills Limited (LML) (5.4%). In addition to ordinary shares,
$85mln preference shares are all subscribed by CMEC
7. Customers and users Users of ECPP are whole Pakistani's who are suffer from
energy crises and take its advantages directly.
8. Sellers Sellers, also known as vendors, are external companies that
enter into a contractual agreement to provide services or
resources necessary for the project.
9. Business partners They are external organizations that have a special
relationship or partnership with the enterprise.
10. Organizational
groups
Organizational groups are internal stakeholders who are
influenced by the actions of the project team. For example,
human resources, marketing, sales, legal, finance, operations,
manufacturing, etc.
14. Page # 14
4. Costs and schedule of project
Construction begun 2014
Commission date April 10 2019
Completed date 10 July, 2019
Construction cost 1.13 billion USD
5. Risks identifications of project
RISKS Details
Construction Delays Government changes,
Technical advancement,
Coverage though insurance of property damage or delayed in the
event of machinery break down, floods, earth quakes etc.
Imported Coal Risk :
(Imported Coal Cheaper
than Local Coal)
Economic model should ensure that the price of coal is competitive with
imported coal and if required may ask for import tax protection in initial
years.
Payment Risks Long term contracts, with take or pay agreement for off take of Coal incase
it is with a public company it will be backed.
Conclusions
It is to be noted that Thar coalfields contain the world’s 7th largest coal reserves – estimated at
175 Billion Tons, capable to produce 100,000 MW for the next 200 years. Thar lignite is
indigenous, abundantly available, and ideally suited to produce electricity giving it distinct
advantage over imported coal. Price of Thar Coal is set on a “cost plus” basis and is not linked to
international energy price movements, thereby, insulating the end consumer of electricity in
Pakistan from the vagaries of international coal price movements. Thar coal also has the
advantage of economies of scale, which will result in a progressively lower coal price and
predictable electricity price as the mining operation scales up and more power plants are added.
Most importantly, utilization of Thar coal for power generation will result in huge foreign
exchange savings versus any other imported energy resource.
