detail and complete study of cns stimulant drugs. the information is taken from the books and teachers for complete information

1. Ravish Yadav
CNS Stimulants Drugs

2. Nervous System
• The nervous system can be classified into
• The Central Nervous System (CNS) Brain and spinal cord
• The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS (The nervous system outside of
the brain and spinal cord

3. Peripheral Nervous System PNS
Can be divided into-
1- Sensory division(affrent)
Conducts impulses from receptors to the CNS and Informs the CNS of
the state of the body
2- Motor division(effrent)
Conducts impulses from CNS to effectors organs.

4. Motor Neurons
•The motor division is also divided into
•1- The somatic nervous system :
•VOLUNTARY (generally) Somatic nerve fibers that
conduct impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles
•2. The autonomic nervous system:
INVOLUNTARY (generally) Conducts impulses from
the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and
glands

5. Neurons
• They are the basic functional unit of the nervous system.
• They contain three major parts:
• 1.cell body.
• 2. dendrites.
• 3. axon.

6. Structure

7. Neurotransmitters CNS
• They can be classified into :
• 1. Exitatory:
• - Ach, glutamate, aspartate , serotonin and NE.
• 2. Inhibitory:-
• - GABA , glycin .

8. CNS Stimulants
• Defination
“Stimulants are a substance which
tends to increase behavioral activity
when administered”

9. Signs and symptoms:
• 1- Elevate Mood
• 2- Increase Motor Activity
• 3- Increase Alertness
• 4- Decrease need for Sleep
• In case of overdose lead to convulsion and death.

10. Neuronal Synapse

11. Neuronal Synapse

12. CNS Stimulants
• - They can be divided based on their site of action:
• 1.Cerebral stimulants (amphetamines)
• 2.Medullary stimulants (picrotoxin)
• 3.Spinal stimulants (strychnine)

14. MOA of CNS Stimulants
1- Block neurotransmitters reuptake (Most reuptake
inhibitors affect either NE or 5-HT(Serotonin) :
Cocaine
2- Promote neurotransmitters release : Amphetamine
3- Block Metabolism - MAO inhibitors (monoamine
oxidase): Phenelzine
4. antagonize the effect of inhibitory neurotransmitter:
Picrotoxin & Strychnine

15. Amphetamine
•MOAs :
• Block the reuptake of norepinephrine and
dopamine into the presynaptic neuron and increase
the release of these monoamines into the
extraneuronal space.
Clinical use:
•1. Narcolepsy (is a chronic neurological disorder involving the loss of the brain's ability to regulate
sleep-wake cycles normally)
•2. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

16. Adverse effects:
• - Cardiovascular: Hypertension (7% to 22%, pediatric )
• - Endocrine metabolic: Weight loss (4% to 9%, pediatric;
11%, adults )
• - Gastrointestinal: Abdominal pain (11% to 14%, pediatrics ),
Loss of appetite (22% to 36%), Xerostomia ((also termed dry mouth as a
symptom or dry mouth syndrome as a syndrome))(35% )
• - Neurologic: Headache (26% ), Insomnia (12% to 17%,
pediatric; 27%, adults )
• - Psychiatric: Feeling nervous (6% )
Amphetamine

17. • After injecting, the mice with amphetamine you will notice:
- Hair erection
• - Licking, gnawing (persistently worrying or distressing.).
• - Stereotype (a stereotype is a thought that can be adopted about specific types of individuals or certain ways of
doing things.)
• - Sniffing
Amphetamine

18. Picrotoxin
•MOA:
• Non-competitive antagonist of GABA receptors.
•After injecting the mice with picrotoxin you
will notice:
- Clonic convulsion characterized by :
•1. Asymmetric
•2. Intermittent
•3. Spontaneous
•4. Coordinated

19. Strychinine
•MOA:
•Competitive antagonist of the glycin receptors.
•After injecting the mice with Strychinine you will
•notice:
- Tonic convulsion characterized by :
•1. Symmetric
•2. Reflex in origin
•3. Continuous
•4. Uncoordinated.

20. COGNITION ENHANCERS
(Cerebroactive drugs)
Nootropics-Brain-Enhancers

21. • These are a heterogenous group of drugs developed for use in
dementia and other cerebral disorders.

22. HALLUCINOGENS
(Psychotomimetics, Psychedelics,
Psychodysleptics, Psychotogens)

23. • These are drugs which alter mood, behaviour, thought and perception in
a manner similar to that seen in psychosis. Many natural products
having hallucinogenic property have been discovered and used by man
since prehistoric times.

24. • INDOLE AMINES
• 1. Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
• 2. Lysergic acid amide
• 3. Psilocybin
• 4. Harmine
• 5. Bufotenin
• PHENYLALKYLAMINES
• Mescaline
• Ecstasy :Methylene dioxy methamphetamine (MDMA)
• ARYLCYCLOHEXYL AMINES
• Phencyclidine
• CANNABINOIDS