1. Computer Networking
Group & Topic
4 MuhammadAshfaqRaza
MuhammadRashid
Aliza Rafi
What are UNICAST Routing protocol and
Multicast
Discuss Multicast Protocols types i.e.
DISTANCE VECTOR MULTICAST ROUTING
PROTOCOL (DVMRP)
CORE BASED TREES (CBT)
PROTOCOL INDEPENDENT MULTICAST_
SPARSE MODE (PIM-SM
Do
Diffrence between Unicast, Broadcast & Multicast
Data is transported over a network by three simple methods
i.e. Unicast, Broadcast, and Multicast. So let’s begin to
summarize the difference between these three:
Unicast: from one source to one destination i.e. One-
to-One
Broadcast: from one source to all possible
destinations i.e. One-to-All
Multicast: from one source to multiple destinations
stating an interest in receiving the traffic i.e. One-to-
Many.
2. So let’s Dig Deeper into this subject
Unicast: traffic, many streams of IP packets that move across networks
flow from a single point, such as a website server, to a single endpoint
such as a client PC. This is the most common form of information
transference on networks.
Broadcast: Here, traffic streams from a single point to all possible
endpoints within reach on the network, which is generally a LAN. This is
the easiest technique to ensure traffic reaches to its destinations.
This mode is mainly utilized by television networks for video and audio
distribution. Even if the television network is a cable television (CATV)
system, the source signal reaches to all possible destinations, which is the
key reason that some channels’ content is scrambled
Multicast: In this method traffic recline between the boundaries of
unicast (one point to one destination) and broadcast (one point to all
destinations). And multicast is a “one source to many destinations” way
of traffic distribution, means that only the destinations that openly point
to their requisite to accept the data from a specific source to receive the
traffic stream.
3. Unicastrouting Protocol
unicast routing protocols. introduction. an internet is a combination of networks
connected by routers. when a datagram goes from a source to a destination, it will
probably pass through many routers until it reaches the router attached to the
destination network.
intra- and inter-domain routing
today, an internet can be so large that one routing protocolcannot handle the task
of updating the routing tables of all routers. for this reason, an internet is divided
into autonomous systems. an autonomous system (as) is a group of networks and
routers under the authority of a single administration. routing inside an
autonomous system is referred to as intra-domain routing. routing between
autonomous systems is referred to as inter-domain routing. each autonomous
system can chooseone or more intradomain routing protocols to handle routing
inside the autonomous system. however, only one interdomain routing protocol
handles routing between autonomous systems.
Multicast Routing Protocol
The routing Algorithm used multicast routing.
A single router in a network can be a part of
two or more different Groups.
Spanning Tree
Minimize the Number of edges and un necessary edges are
removed in network.
4. Example of Spanning Tree
Prunning the Spanning Tree
Seprate the group of multicasting the are router
contain…and make the individual network is called
pruning the spanning tree…
5. Techniques of Pruning the Spanning Tree
Algorithms used for pruning
Link State Routing
Protocol used for this technique is MOSPF
(Multicast Open shortest path first)
Distance Vector Routing
protocol used for this technique is DVMRP
(Distance vector Multicast routing protocol)
6. Distance Vector Multicast Routing
It’s a Adapted or Dynamic Algorithms.
Each router maintaintables called“vector”.
Each router is known best Distanceto reach
another router.
Table are Updatedor exchanging information
with neighbor's(router).
Also known as Bellman-fordalgorithms.
Distanceis basicallyconsiderby No’s of hops.
Or Delay etc…..
Example…
Step1
