Routing refers to the process of transferring information across networks using devices called routers. Several routing algorithms exist, including the shortest path algorithm, distance vector routing, and link state routing, with protocols such as RIP, OSPF, and BGP governing these processes. OSPF is an interior gateway protocol used within networks, while BGP is used between different autonomous systems.

2. What is routing
Routing is the act of moving information across an
internetwork from a source to a destination.

3. Router
When one network is connected to another, a device called a
router connects both networks and passes data between them

4. Routing Algorithms
Shortest Path Algorithm: he idea is to build a graph of the network,
with each node of the graph representing a router and each edge of
the graph representing a communication line, or link.

5. Distance Vector Routing: A distance vector routing algorithm operates by
having each router maintain a table (i.e., a vector) giving the best known
distance to each destination and which link to use to get there.
Link State Routing: Distance vector routing was used in the ARPANET until
1979, when it was replaced by link state routing.
Distance vector
Link state

6. Routing Protocols
Routing Information Protocol: The Routing Information Protocol, or RIP,
as it is more commonly called, is one of the most enduring of all routing
protocols.
OSPF— An Interior Gateway Routing Protocol: The Internet is made up
of a large number of independent networks or Ases (Autonomous
Systems) that are operated by different organizations. Inside of its own
network, an organization can use its own algorithm for internal routing,
or intradomain routing, an intradomain routing protocol is also called an
interior gateway protocol. OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), became a
standard in 1990.
BGP—The Exterior Gateway Routing Protocol: Within a single AS,
OSPF and IS-IS are the protocols that are commonly used. Between ASes,
a different protocol, called BGP (Border Gateway Protocol), is used.

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