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Water conservation
- 1. Water Conservation 1/66 © Copyright Training 4 Today 2001 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC SUBMITTED BY PRACHI RAUT WATER CONSERVATION SHREE GURUNANAK JUNIOR COLLEGE OF SCIENCE & COMMERCE SUBMITTED TO SWETA VARMA
- 2. Water Conservation 2/66 © Copyright Training 4 Today 2001 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC INDEX • INTRODUCTION • OBJECTIVES • GOALS • BACKGROUND • OVERVIEW • WHAT IS A DROUGHT? • WHY CONSERVE WATER? • TYPES OF PRACTICES • MONITORING • SUBMETERING • WATER RECYCLING • CONCLUSION
- 3. Water Conservation 3/66 © Copyright Training 4 Today 2001 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC INTRODUCTION • Water conservation includes all the policies, strategies and activities to sustainably manage the natural resource of fresh water, to protect the hydrosphere, and to meet the current and future human demand. Population, household size, and growth and affluence all affect how much water is used. Factors such as climate change have increased pressures on natural water resources especially in manufacturing and agricultural irrigation.[1] Many US cities have already implemented policies aimed at water conservation, with much success.
- 4. Water Conservation 4/66 © Copyright Training 4 Today 2001 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC Discuss the Need for Water Conservation. Discuss the Need for Monitoring, Submetering, and Leak Detection. Explain How Water Pressure Relates to Water Conservation. Discuss Water Recycling and Water Reuse. Discuss Cooling Water Conservation. Discuss Industrial Water Conservation Measures. Discuss Bathroom Water Conservation Measures. Discuss Xeriscape Landscaping. Discuss Water Conservation Education and Employee Participation. OBJECTIVES
- 5. Water Conservation 5/66 © Copyright Training 4 Today 2001 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC GOALS Understand the Need for Water Conservation. Understand the Need for Monitoring, Submetering, and Leak Detection. Be Familiar With How Water Pressure Relates to Water Conservation. Understand the Principles of Water Recycling and Water Reuse. Be Familiar With Cooling Water Conservation. Be Familiar With Industrial Water Conservation Measures. Understand Bathroom Water Conservation Measures. Understand the Basic Principles of Xeriscape Landscaping. Understand the Importance of Water Conservation Education and Employee Participation.
- 6. Water Conservation 6/66 © Copyright Training 4 Today 2001 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC BACKGROUND Drought costs ranchers and farmers an estimated $6-8 billion a year, more than damages caused by floods or hurricanes. The Dust Bowl Drought from 1931-1938 affected 50 million acres of land and left thousands of farmers homeless. In 1999 drought caused 1,695 counties in 44 states to be declared agricultural disaster areas.
- 7. Water Conservation 7/66 © Copyright Training 4 Today 2001 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC OVERVIEW The goal of this course is to provide supervisors with the tools needed to help conserve water. It recommends practical, actions that can be carried out by facility management, maintenance personnel and building occupants. The course will help you to integrate good water conservation management activities into your existing organization and identify which of your staff have the necessary skills to carry out those activities.
- 8. Water Conservation 8/66 © Copyright Training 4 Today 2001 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC WHAT IS A DROUGHT? The National Weather Service defines a drought as “a period of abnormally dry weather that persists long enough to produce a serious hydrologic imbalance (for example crop damage, water supply shortage, etc.) The severity of the drought depends upon the degree of moisture deficiency, the duration and the size of the affected area.”
- 9. Water Conservation 9/66 © Copyright Training 4 Today 2001 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC WHY CONSERVE WATER? 1. It is a resource that is a benefit to everyone. 2. To save money. Lower consumption means lower water bills. 3. To keep rates low. Maximizing current water supplies helps defer the need to develop new, more expensive sources of water. 4. To prepare for a drought. Many areas of the country have experienced drought conditions in the past few years. Water conservation helps prepare for these worst of times. 5. To comply with regulations. Many states and local regulators have established efficient water use regulations.
- 10. Water Conservation 10/66 © Copyright Training 4 Today 2001 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC TWO TYPES OF PRACTICES 1. Engineering practices: practices based on modifications in plumbing, fixtures, or water supply operating procedures. 2. Behavioral practices: practices based on changing water use habits.
- 11. Water Conservation 11/66 © Copyright Training 4 Today 2001 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC MONITORING Provides baseline information on quantities of overall company water use, the seasonal and hourly patterns of water use, and the quantities and quality of water use in individual processes. Baseline information on water use can be used to set company goals and to develop specific water use efficiency measures. Monitoring also raises employee awareness. Records of meter readings can be used to identify changes in water use rates and possible problems in a system.
- 12. Water Conservation 12/66 © Copyright Training 4 Today 2001 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC SUBMETERING The practice of placing water meters throughout a facility is called submetering. Submetering helps account for water usage and can help in the process of leak detection. Areas to consider submetering are landscaped areas, cafeterias, laundries, and major industrial equipment that use water. Submetering makes water users more aware of how much water they use and its cost. By placing meters and monitoring those meters throughout a facility, experts estimate that a facility can help reduce water usage by 20 to 40 percent.
- 13. Water Conservation 13/66 © Copyright Training 4 Today 2001 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC WATER RECYCLING Water recycling is the reuse of water for the same application for which it was originally used. Factors that should be considered in a water recycling program include: - Identification of water reuse opportunities - Evaluation of the minimum water quality needed for a particular use - Evaluation of water quality degradation resulting from the use - Determination of the treatment steps.
- 14. Water Conservation 14/66 © Copyright Training 4 Today 2001 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC CONCLUSION I am so glad that you have been able to learn a little bit about how we can be a helping hand in the conservation of water in our world. Taking care of our planet is a big responsibility. We have only scratched the surface of conservation of water, but if we all work together, we can bring about change, not only with water, but with air, land, energy, waste, and others. Even though you have completed this task, do not stop here. I encourage you to try and find out the ways you can help your community to become active in conservation. Get involved and dig deeper for life!
- 15. Water Conservation 15/66 © Copyright Training 4 Today 2001 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC
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- The National Weather Service defines a drought as “a period of abnormally dry weather that persists long enough to produce a serious hydrologic imbalance (for example crop damage, water supply shortage, etc.) The severity of the drought depends upon the degree of moisture deficiency, the duration and the size of the affected area.”There are four different ways that drought can be defined: Meteorological - a measure of departure of precipitation from normal. Due to climatic differences what is considered a drought in one location may not be a drought in another location.Agricultural - refers to a situation when the amount of moisture in the soil no longer meets the needs of of a particular crop.Hydrological - occurs when surface and subsurface water supplies are below normal. Socioeconomic- refers to the situation that occurs when physical water shortage begins to affect people.
- Why Should We Conserve Water? It is a resource that is a benefit to everyone. To save money. Lower consumption means lower water bills. To keep rates low. Maximizing current water supplies helps defer the need to develop new, more expensive sources of water. To prepare for a drought. Many areas of the country have experienced drought conditions in the past few years. Water conservation helps prepare for these worst of times. To comply with regulations. Many states and local regulators have established efficient water use regulations.
- There are two types of practices that need to be addressed to have a successful water conservation program. The first is engineering practices. These include modifications in plumbing, fixtures, or water supply operating procedures. They may also require equipment modification or purchase. The second is behavior practices. Education is required to change the e water use habits of individuals.
- Monitoring the amount of water used by an industrial/commercial facility can provide baseline information on quantities of overall company water use, the seasonal and hourly patterns of water use, and the quantities and quality of water use in individual processes. Baseline information on water use can be used to set company goals and to develop specific water use efficiency measures. Monitoring can make employees more aware of water use rates and makes it easier to measure the results of conservation efforts. The use of meters on individual pieces of water-using equipment can provide direct information on the efficiency of water use. Records of meter readings can be used to identify changes in water use rates and possible problems in a system.
- The practice of placing water meters throughout a facility is called submetering. Submetering helps account for water usage and can help in the process of leak detection. Areas to consider submetering are landscaped areas, cafeterias, laundries, and major industrial equipment that use water. Submetering makes water users more aware of how much water they use and its cost. By placing meters and monitoring those meters throughout a facility, experts estimate that a facility can help reduce water usage by 20 to 40 percent.
- Water recycling is the reuse of water for the same application for which it was originally used. Recycled water might require treatment before it can be used again. Factors that should be considered in a water recycling program include: Identification of water reuse opportunities Evaluation of the minimum water quality needed for a particular use Evaluation of water quality degradation resulting from the use Determination of the treatment steps, if any, that might be required to prepare the water for recycling. If given the choice, water recycling is the best use of wastewater.
- It is critical to the success of your water conservation effort that your company’s facilities establish a plan. The water conservation plan should be written and distributed to everyone involved in the conservation effort. It should include these basic items: Company policy statement – this reflects the commitment of top management. This should be signed by the head of the company. Goals – a set reduction goal that are specific, measurable, and achievable. State the goal measurement – gallons, percentage, etc. when this goal will be achieved, in what area of your facility, and by what means. Action Plan – outline each specific task and support each action with a cost/benefit analysis where applicable. State immediate actions which are no-cost or low-cost, actions which require capital expenditure and actions which require water-use behavior modification. Make sure that you use current or proposed rates when determining costs and benefits. Assigned responsibilities for planned implementation – establish a water conservation committee with a responsible leader, or, in smaller facilities one employee who will develop and implement the plan. Procedures for implementation, evaluation, and revision – a viable plan is one that is flexible and evolving. It should be systematically reviewed and revised with the appropriate actions that need to be taken. The original plan should state at what intervals and how the plan will be revised.