Soil Conservation

1. Dr. ASMA HASSAN

2. Soil Conservation
The preventing of soil loss from erosion or
reduced fertility caused by
• over usage
• acidification
• salinization
• Water logging
• chemical soil contamination.

3. Over Grazed Soil

4. Acidic Soil

5. Water Logged Soil

7. Contaminated Soil

8. Importance of soil
conservation

12. A tree will not be a tree without soil. While there are some plants that can live in water
or air, most plants need to be rooted to the ground.
It is the soil that provides nutrition to this plant life. It is through this vegetation that
nourishes the humankind and the animal kingdom. Plants are important resource of
food and fuel and of wood and other by-products that make our other life functions
possible.
99% of the world's food supply comes ultimately from land-based production with
about 50-70% of the land devoted to agriculture.
1. The soil is literally the foundation of plant
life.

13. 2. The soil additionally supports the animal
kingdom.
Our agriculture also relies on soil, for its location
and for other functions to be derived from its
existence. It will be almost impossible to support
the animal and human life without land.
Biodiversity relies on soil at all times.

14. 3. The soil is necessary for water supply
• .
This is the magic of nature. The land is also necessary to ensure
the quality of water we derive from our earth. Soil and water
co-exist. So do we and soil co-exist? Taking good care of our
soil equates to taking care of our water supply.

16. Soil Erosion
• Soil erosion is a naturally occurring
process that affects all landforms.
• In agriculture, soil erosion
refers to the wearing away of
a field's topsoil by the natural
physical forces of water and
wind or through forces
associated with farming
activities such as tillage.

19. The process of soil erosion is made up of three parts:
Detachment: This is when the topsoil is actually “detached” from the rest of the
ground.
Movement: This is when the topsoil is relocated to another area.
Deposition: Where the topsoil ends up after this process.

20. What is being done?
Pakistan became concerned with the issue of soil erosion in the 1970's.
They started a Mass Awareness campaign,
Pakistan has not passed any legislation to really solve the problem.
It is hard to keep the poor population from using the natural resources.
• Saline= 6.28 million ha of area
• Water eroded 13.05 million hectares
of area
• Wind eroded 6.17 million hectares
• water logged=1.5

22. TYPES OF SOIL EROSION
•Wind erosion: Wind erosion is the removal soil particles by the
force and kinetic energy of the wind. These soil particles are
transported and deposited when the wind energy drops.
•Water erosion: Water erosion is caused by the kinetic energy of
rain falling on the soil surface and by the mechanical force of runoff.
•Gravity erosion: Mass movement of soil occurs on steep slopes
under the influence of gravity. The process involves the transfer of
slope-forming materials from higher to lower grounds due to self
weight.

24. wind
water
deforestation
Over grazing
bad cultivation practices
extreme climatic effects

25. Lets start with water…
Even a single rain drop can dislodge soil, and start erosion

26. Example of gullies formed by erosion

27. As gullies increase, more erosion takes place by collapsing of the
walls, and sediment can be carried far away.

29. Note the color of the rive water….Why?

30. Now lets talk about wind

31. Severe dust storm. An example erosion by wind.

32. Dust storms can carry loose unprotected soil into cities, too.

33. What about animals?

34. Many animals graze….is this good or bad for the soil??

35. eventual desertification that
Overgrazing leads to the extinction of indigenous
plant and animal species, soil erosion, and
eventual desertification that renders once-fertile
land barren.

36. How do people effect soil erosion?

38. Residential construction effects on soil

39. Commercial construction

40. Traditional Plowing

42. Deforestation