Its very use full for Eng....

1. Polymer Chemistry……………..
Dr. R.TAMILARASAN. M.Sc., Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
Department of Chemistry,
Vel Tech Multi Tech Dr Rangarajan Dr Sakunthala
Engineering College, Chennai - 62. Tamil Nadu , India 1

2. Outline of the chapters………
 Determination by differential scanning calorimetric
 Polymer processing and techniques
 Outline of moulding techniques compression,
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 injunction, extrusion and blow moulding,
Compounding techniques

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Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC)

4. Introduction…………
 Need to know about the calorimeter, it is one who measures
the heat in or out of the sample. and differential calorimeter
is one who measures the heat of the sample relative to the
reference.
 This technique is used to study what happens to
polymers/samples upon heating. It is used to study thermal
transitions of a polymer/sample (the changes that take place
on heating).
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 It is a technique in which the energy necessary to establish a
zero temperature difference between the sample & reference
material is measured as a function of temperature.
 The differential scanning calorimeter does all of the above
functions and heats the sample with the linear temperature.
Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the
same temperature throughout the experiment in DSC.

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 During heating two types of reactions can be take place
one is the endothermic and the other is the exothermic.
Endothermic reaction:
 Here, sample & reference material are heated by separate
heaters in such a way that their temp are kept equal while
these temp are increased or decreased linearly.
Exothermic reaction:
 If sample absorbs some amount of heat during phase
transition then reaction is said to be endothermic.
 In endothermic reaction more energy needed to maintain
zero temp difference between sample & reference.
 E.g. Melting, boiling, sublimation, vaporization
 if sample released some amount of heat during phase
transition, then reaction is said to be exothermic.
 In exothermic reaction, less energy needed to maintain
zero temp difference between sample & reference.
 E.g crystallization, degradation, polymerization.

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 There are two pans, In sample pan, polymer is added, while
the other, reference pan is left empty. Each pan sits on top
of heaters which are controlled by a computer
 The computer turns on heaters, and let them heat the two
pans at a specific rate. The computer makes absolutely sure
that the heating rate stays exactly the same throughout the
experiment.
 Why heaters don’t heat at the same rate?
 The simple reason is that the two pans are different. One has
polymer in it, and one doesn't. The polymer sample means
there is extra material in the sample pan.
 So the heater underneath the sample pan has to work harder
than the heater underneath the reference pan. It has to put
out more heat.
 Having extra material means that it will take more heat to
keep the temperature of the sample pan increasing at the
same rate as the reference pan.

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Glucose Biosensor…………
 A biosensor is an analytical device used for detecting the
chemical substance that combines the biological component
with a physiochemical detector.
 Glucose biosensor is a device that measures the
concentration of glucose in diabetic patients by means of a
sensitive protein glucose oxide.
 It is based on the that the immobilized glucose oxide
catalyses the oxidation of β-D-glucose by molecular oxygen
producing gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide.
 Glucose Biosensor is used for the testing of glucose in blood.
 It composed of glucose meter and test strips.
 On cooling it gets solidified. Then the mould is opened and
the article is removed.

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 A glucose meter is an electronic device used for measuring
the blood glucose. A small drop of blood is placed on a
disposable test strip which interfaces with digital meter.
 Within several seconds the level of blood glucose will be
shown on the digital display. H2O2 Oxidizes at Pt electrode.
The no of e-s transfers at electrode surface is directly
proportional to the number of glucose molecules present in
the blood.
Concerns of test strips:
 It has silver anode and Pt cathode
 The electrodes are immersed in electrolyte
 It is surrounded by Teflon membrane effect
 In between Teflon membrane and cellophane
membrane

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 High Speed
 Flexibility
 Low cost
 Application
 Manufacturing bottle caps, buckets, mugs, chairs etc…
 Advantages

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Polymers for LED(Light Emitting Diodes) or Poly Light Emitting
Diodes (P-LED) or Light EmittingPolymer (LEP) :
 In Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) polymers is used as the semi
conducting material.
 Polymers LEDs have number of inherent qualities. They are
enable to display full spectrum color. High brightness at low
voltages, Glares free viewing, long operating lifetimes.
 Thus it can be used for many applications such as flexible
displays, indoor lighting and medical technology
applications.
 Polymer LEDs are produced by sandwiching
electroluminescent polymers between a metal cathode and a
transparent anode.
 Polymer LEDs are produced by sandwiching
electroluminescent polymers between a metal cathode and a
transparent anode.

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 When the anode (Indium Tin Oxide) and cathodes (Aluminum)
are connected to the external voltage, electrical current
flows from the cathode to anode through the polymer layer.
 It passes e-s to emissive layer and removing e-s from the
conducting layer and recombine with e-s. As the e-s drop into
the holes they release their extra as light.

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 Advantages
 Very efficient
 Light weight
 Thin and flexible
 Smooth brightness
 Disadvantage
 Emitter part is sensation to oxidation and humidity
 P-LED have short lifetime at high temperature
 Application
 Used as display in mobile phones, Laptop, TVs
 Used in car bumpers.
 Used in e-news paper(future technology)

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Polymers for LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) or
Poly Liquid Crystal Display (P-LCD):

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 The liquid crystal are placed in between two polymers layers.
 The LCDs glass is coated with silicon dioxide to polarize the
light. The LCD glass is made up of borosilicate.
 Transparent electrode are made with a layer of ITO (Indium
Tin Oxide).
 When electric current is applied to the liquid crystal
molecules, the molecules tend to entrust.
 As a result the light is allowed to pass through the polarized
glass to a particular area of LCD.
 Thus the particular area becomes dark and the image
reflected on the glass display.

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53. THANK YOU….
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