It include different type of genitourinary disease and it's nursing management

1. DIAGNOSTIC
TESTS FOR
GENITO URINARY
DISEASES AND
ITS NURSING
MANAGEMENT

2. INTRODUCTION
• Diagnostic tests and procedures are used to confirm the data
obtained by history and physical assessment .
• Some test are easy to interpret ,but others must be interpreted
by expert clinicians .
• All test should be explained to the patient . Some necessitate
special preparation before they are performed and special
monitoring by nurse after procedure.

3. GENITO URINARY SYSTEM
• Genitourinary system are the organs of reproductive
system and urinary system .
• Disorders of genito-urinary system includes a range of
disorders from those that are asymptomatic to those that
manifest an array of signs and symptoms.
• Causes for these disorders include congenital anomalics,
infectious diseases ,trauma or conditions that secondarily
involve the urinary structure.

4. GENITO-URINARY DISEASES
STIs / RTIs including – gonorrhoea ,
syphilis, chlamydia etc.
Acute renal failure
Kidney stones
Prostate cancer
Renal cancer
Urinary tract infections
Cervical cancer
Cervical cancer
Urinary incontinence
Ureteritis
Cystitis
BPH
Breast cancer
To diagnose UTIs

5. DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
• They are of two types –
• Invasive tests and non invasive tests
• Invasive tests are done by cutting or entering a body
part using medical instruments
• Non invasive tests do not require breaking the skin or
entering the body.

6. INVASIVE TESTS INCLUDE -
FOR MALES
• Cytoscopy
• Prostate biopsy
• Prostate specific antigen test
• Renal angiography
• colposcopy
FOR FEMALES
• Cytoscopy
• Cervical biopsy
• Colposcopy
• Laparoscopy
• hysterosalpingography

7. CYTOSCOPY (SAME IN BOTH MALES AND FEMALES)
• Purpose – it is used by doctor to diagnose and treat Urinary tract
problems including bladder cancer, bladder control issues , enlarged
prostates and UTIs .
• Nursing responsibilities-
• Patient preparation-
 obtain informed consent and assess patients understanding of procedure.
Tell the pt to drink and eat as normal before cytoscopy
Ask the pt to pee in a container so that it can be checked for any infection.
The procedure may be delayed if any infection is found.
• After care –
Monitor and record vitals.
Ask the pt to drink at least 8 glass of fluid every day for few days.
Tell the pt he may feel burning sensation when urinate for next 2-3 days.
Assess pt.s ability to void after procedure at least 24 hours.

8. PROSTATE BIOPSY
• Purposes- to detect prostate cancer
• Nursing responsibilities-
• Patient preparation-
 educate the patient about the procedure and take informed consent.
 Instruct pt to take only light meals on the day of examination
 Use an enema before attending biopsy
 Insturct pt to stop taking blood thinners such as aspirin, 7-10 days prior.
• After care –
 Instruct pt to do only light activities for 24 to 48 hours after biopsy.
 Give antibiotics for a few days.
 Tell pt it is normal to have blood in urine or stool for 2-3 days
 Asses him for any complications

9. PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN TEST
• Purpose- blood test used primarily to screen for prostate cancer.
• Normal psa level – 4.0mg/ml and lower.
• Nursing responsibility-
• Patient preparation-
Instruct pt to Avoid physical activities which apply pressure on genitals
No need for fasting before PSA test .
Instruct avoid ejaculation at least 24 hours before sample collection.
After care-
After your blood is drawn elastic band is removed and site of blood drawn is bandaged.
No special precautions recommended .

10. RENAL ANGIOGRAPHY
• Purposes- this checks the blood vessels in your kidneys to find problems like bulging and
narrowing of blood vessels.
• Nursing responsibility –
• Patient preparation-
It is necessary to explain the procedure to the patient.
Ask the pt to sign the consent form before procedure. Tell the pt to not eat or drink before
procedure
ask for any sign of allergy to contrast dye or iodine. Ask for any bleeding disorders
After care-
Instruct pt to lie flat in bed for several hours after test.
Pain medications should be given to ease pain.
Ask pt to drink plenty of fluid to help contrast dye leave your body
Instruct pt to visit hospital if any problem occur.

11. IN FEMALES –
CERVICAL BIOPSY
• Purposes- to test for abnormal or pre cancerous conditioms or cervical cancer.
• Nursing responsibility-
• Patient preparation-
Schedule cervical biopsy after periods .
Explain procedure to the pt and take sign on consent form.
Stop eating 8hrs atleast before procedure.
Instruct pt to stop eating blood thinner medications such as aspirin.
Instruct pt to avoid using tampons or medicated vaginal creams for at least 24 hrs before the
procedure.
After care-
Same as we discussed earlier.

12. COLPOSCOPY
• Purposes- to examine cervix, vagina and vulva and to find precancerous cells in cervix.
• Nursing responsibilities-
• Patient preparation-
 explain the procedure to the pt and clear all doubts regarding procedure.
 Avoid scheduling colposcopy during periods.
 dont have vaginal intercourse for 2 days before colposcopy.
 Instruct pt to take pain reliever before going for colposcopy .
After care-
• Monitor vital signs of pt carefully
• After colposcopy, the nurse cleanse the cervix with cotton sponge.
• Tell her that she can take bath as usual after procedure.
• Instruct pt to use a pad to catch any blood or discharge.

13. LAPAROSCOPY
• Purposes-use to identify and diagnose the source of pelvic or abdominal pain and to diagnose
endometriosis, ovarian cysts, fibroids
• Nursing responsibility-
• Patient preparation-
Provide the information about procedure and how it will help to diagnose the disease.
Advise the pt to stop smoking as it can delay healing after surgery
Ask the pt to not to eat or drink anything for 6 -12 hours before procedure.
After care-
Nurse should monitor pt for a few hours .
Tell pt how to keep wound clean and when to return for follow up care or having stitches
removed.
Advise pt to take appropriate test.

14. HYSTEROSALPINGOGRAPHY
• Purposes- to view inside of uterus and fallopian tube for recurrent miscarriages, abnormal
vaginal bleeding
• Patient preparation-
Check for written physician order.
Tell pt about medication restrictions, if any.
Ensure that blood pregnancy test is done before 24-48 hrs of examination.
Encourage pt to eat light meal before examination.
After care-
Tell pt to use vaginal pads for 1-2 days
Instruct pt that after going home wash vagina with soap and water.
Tell the pt to stay in bed or sit until you are completely comfortable.
Medications should be given to relieve pain.

15. BRCA-1 AND BRCA-2 TEST
• Purposes- to determine if you have any changes in your dna that increase the risk of breast cancer.
• Nursing responsinility-
• Patient preparation-
You don’t need any special preparation for brca testing.
Explain the pt risk AND benefits of genetic testing and what diff results can mean.
After care-
After your blood is drawn , remove elastic band and site of blood drawn is bandaged

16. NON INVASIVE TESTS
FOR MALES
• Urine r/m
• Excretory urogram
• Pelvic ultrasound
• Digital rectal examination
• Semen analysis
• Ct scan
• MRI
FOR FEMALES
• Urine r/m
• Excretory urogram
• Mammography
• Pelvic ultrasound
• Pap smear
• Ct scan
• MRI

17. URINE R/M TEST (FOR BOTH MALES AND FEMALES)
• Purposes- to detect infection in urinary tract , to evaluate for kidney diseases, liver diseases, diabetes
• Normal urine r/m vaue- ph=4.5-8 , glucose- <130mg/dl, ketones- none, specific gravity- 1.005-
1.025
• Nursing responsibility-
• Patient preparation-
• Make sure that the pt is hydrated before giving sample
• Avoid strenuous exercise before test
• Genitals must be clean before giving sample.
• After care-
Ask pt to wash hands properly
Tell pt to cap the container
Nurse should take family history before taking any further action if findings are positive.

18. X- RAY (EXCRETORY UROGRAM) FOR BOTH MALES AND FEMALES.
• Purposes- it reveals position and dimension of kidneys, anatomic pecularitis of urinary
system such as horse shoe kidney, displacement of ureters , tumors etc.
• Nursing responsibility-
• Patient preparation-
Explain the procedure to the pt to relieve his anxiety and worries.
Ensure whether the client is sensitive to iodine compound.
 make sure that client takes no food or fluid after evening meal ,until examination is
completed.
After care-
Nurse should monitor client for any untoward rxn during and after procedure.
Nurse should be ready with emergency drugs and equipments to resuscitate the client.

19. PELVIC ULTRASOUND (TRANSRECTAL)
• Purposes-it is used to view the bladder, prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and for diagnosis of
bladder tumors or stones.
• Nursing responsibility-
• Patient preparation-
Identification of pt and informing them about the procedure.
Restrict food intake prior to the procedure.
Removal of jewelry or metallic element from the area to be analyzed.
Tell pt that bladder should be full.
Wear lose, comfortable clothes for exam.
Explain the procedure to the pt to relieve anxiety.
After care-
No special type of care is required after procedure.
After scan ,wipe out gel and pt is instructed by nurse to empty the bladder

20. CT SCAN
• Purpose= to examine the kidneys, ureters and bladder to see stones in urinary tract as well as infections, cysts and
tumors.
• Nursing responsibilities=
• Patient preparation-
 Client and family are given explanation of the test
 Obtain an informed consent.
 Fasting is not needed unless specifically told.
 Ask if pt has any allergy to iodine compounds.
 Tell pt it is normal to feel hot, flushed sensation and a metallic taste in mouth when dye is injected.
 Remove all metallic objects from the body part to be scanned.
After care-
 After the test, pt can resume normal activities.
 Rare complications such as local and systemic rxn ,spasm and bleeding at site injection site may occur . assess
affected extremity of colour, warmth, bleeding at the site.

21. PELVIC MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
• Purpose = in females- to find problems such as tumors in the ovaries ,uterus, rectum and anus
in males-to check man prostate and seminal vesicles and to examine prostate cancer, and
determine whether it has spread.
Nursing responsibilities=
Patient preparation-
Explanation to client and family about purpose of the test and sensations and sound the client will feel
and hear during the test.
Informed consent.
Remove all metallic objects.
No need for fasting
If contrast agent is used , clients allergy to the dye must be find out.
Supine position is given to the patient.
After care-
The client can resume previous activites, once test is over
If contrast agent is used, diuresis can occur.

22. DIGITAL RECTAL EXAMINATION-
• Purposes- in screening of prostate cancer, and diagnose rectal tumors.
• Nursing responsibilities-
• Patient preparation-
 Ask the patient to clear any doubts regarding procedure , if any
 Maintain privacy and dignity of pt all times.
 Ask pt to relax before gently inserting gloved and lubricated fingers into anus,
 `ask pt to lie on position in which he is more comfortable like lying on doctor side, lying on table wuth feet raised.
After care-
 Monitor vitals carefully.
 After this procedure , vasovagal response can occur , so monitor signs of faintness carefully
 Record outcomes by documenting- consent, findings,referral to appropriate speciality.
 If pt has hemorrhoids, a very small amount of bleeding is observed. Such pt should be taken care of.

23. SEMEN ANALYSIS
• Purposes- to determine whether a man might be infertile and it analyze health and viability of
sperm
• Normal findings- ejaculate findings- 1.5 -7 ml, sperm count- 60- 150 million/ml
• Nursing responsibility-
• Patient preparation-
Ask the pt to refrain from both intercourse and masturbation for at least 3-5 days
Ask pt to avoid alcohol and caffeine.
Ask pt to wash hands thoroughly before and after procedure.
After care-
Nurse should explain measures to take good semen sample eg- avoiding alcohol
Nurse should provide privacy to the pt and advise not to take stress
Nurse should advise to stop medications which can decrease sperm count or alter test results.

25. MAMMOGRAPHY
• Purpose- to check for breast cancer.
• Nursing responsibility-
• Patient preparation-
Explain pt about breast cancer and breast examination
Provide privacy to the pt
Avoid using deodrants, perfumes or lotions underarms or near breast.
Schedule the test after menstruation is over
After care-
No special care is needed after the procedure.
Pt may dress and resume daily activities.
Nurse provide pt emotional support to the pt during test.

26. PELVIC ULTRASOUND ( TRANSVAGINAL)
• Purposes- to view cervix, fallopian tubes,ovaries, vagina for abnormal findings such as
cyst,tumors, fibroid and abnormal vaginal bleeding.
• Nursing responsibilities-
• Patient preparation-
Ask pt to remove clothes from waist down and put on the gown.
Tell the pt acc to his condition , whether bladder needs to be empty or partially full.
If on menstrual cycle, remove tampons before ultrasound.
After care-
Same as discussed earlier.

28. PAP SMEAR
• Purpose- it looks for precancerous cells changes on the cervix that might become cervical
cancer.
• Nursing responsibilities-
• Patient preparation-
Explain procedure to the patient to relieve anxiety.
Nurse should obtain health history of pt
Tell pt to avoid intercourse or any vaginal medicines , creams 2 days before and after the
procedure.
Do not schedule pap smear in menstrual periods.
After care-
Ask pt to call doctor If any problem persists
Nurse should clean perineal area after the procedure.
Nurse play an imp role in creating awareness , encourage and motivate public in considering
health screening such as pap smear

29. HEALTH
EDUCATION
• .

34. RESEARCH FINDINGS
PUBLISHED ONLINE ON= 11TH DEC, 2012
AUTHOR=THODDOEUS ZOJOCK
TOPIC=GENITOURINARY TB
PLACE= WASHINGTON ,DC
• Abstract =
• The diagnosis of tb of urinary tract is based on case history, finding of polyuria in absence of
infection as judged by culture on routine media and by radiological imaging test . Also a
positive yellow egg culture and histological analysis of biopsy specimens will also done.
• Conclusion=
• Genito urinary tb is a worldwide disease that with more destructive consequences in developing
countries where the diagnosis is delayed and there is high frequency of renal failure and
contracted bladders .genito urinary tb in aids pt will become more frequent in coming years.
Aids- tb association remains a major global health burden.

35. SUMMARY
WE LEARNED ABOUT VARIOUS DIAGNOSTIC
TESTS FOR GENITO URINARY DISEASES,
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES AND HEALTH
EDUCATION IN THE SESSION.

36. CONCLUSION
TO CONCLUDE, I WOULD LIKE TO SAY THAT THERE
ARE MANY MORE VARIOUS DIAGNOSTIC TESTS FOR
GENITO URINARY SYSTEMS , FROM WHICH WE
COVERED IMPORTANT TESTS,. I HOPE YOU ALL HAVE
UNDERSTOOD THE TOPIC WELL.

37. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Suddharth and Brunners , ‘textbook of medical surgical nursing’ , 12th edition
• Sister Nancy , ‘principle and practice of nursing’ volume 2 {page no.- 220-335}
• www.mayoclinic.org
• https:/enwikipedia.org/wiki