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1. TRIPURA UNIVERSITY
(A Central University)
Department of Education
M.A 3rd Semester
Presentation on
Educational Thought of Herbert Spencer
Presented By:
1. Sanjib Ghosh
2. Sourav Barman
Presented To:
Dr. Subhash Sarkar
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
TRIPURA UNIVERSITY
(A CENTRAL UNIVERSITY)

2. CONTENT
Sl No. TITLE Slide No.
1. Introduction 4
2. Herbert Spencer's Philosophical Views 5-6
3 Herbert Spencer's Educational Philosophy 7
4 Education according to Herbert Spencer 8
5 Aims Of Education 9
6 Curriculum 10
7 Maxims of Teaching 11
8 Moral Education 12
9 Physical Education 13
10 Concept of Discipline 14
11 Conclusion 16
12 References 17

3. INTRODUCTION
Herbert Spencer was an English Philosopher. He was born in
Derby on 27th April 1820. His father was a learned teacher of
chemistry and physics. Spencer had great faith in self teaching
or self learning . He acquired a good deal of knowledge in all
subjects while he was just 17. He is the first who introduced
scientific trend and naturalism in education. He is best
remembered for his doctrine of Social Darwinism. “Survival
of the fittest” a term that Spencer himself introduced. He
defined the purpose and task of education was “to teach
everyone how to live completely”. He has written more than
20 books. Some of them are- Education in 1861, First
principal in 1862, The principal of ethics 1892, Principal of
Psychology and education etc.

4. Herbert Spencer's Philosophical
Views
1. The World is Real:
Herbert Spencer has accepted the reality of this world . According to him
whatever we see before us is real . There is nothing beyond nature.
Spencer believes that man is only an entity in the process of evolution .
2. The Evolution is Gradual:
The process of evolution is always gradual in relation to the world and the
human race : As a result , man and other animals , too , undergo many
stages of change , such as a human being has to pass through the stages of
infancy , childhood , adolescence , youth , old age etc. In this process of
evolution both growth and decline are involved .

5. 3. The Evolution is Universal:
Spencer believes in universality of evolution . This means that both men
and animals go on developing up to sometime and ultimately they meet
their decline or end . This growth and decline affect the nature of society ,
culture , art , science and other aspects of the environment. Thus both
growth and end are inevitable .
4. Senses are Sources of Knowledge:
Spencer has attached great importance to knowledge . He has emphasized
the need of sciences for acquisitions of knowledge . He has accepted
senses as the chief source of knowledge . He has regarded self -
preservation as the end of all knowledge . In other words , knowledge
must contribute to self - preservation in some way or other . The
knowledge which is directly helpful to self - preservation is of greatest
utility .

6. Herbert Spencer's Educational Philosophy
The educational philosophy of Herbert Spencer is given below:
 Scientific humanism does not believe the existence of super natural power.
 It opposes all the harmful laws .
 It gives emphasis on Reasoning .
 Enormous power exists in human being which helps to solve the problem.
 It gives emphasis on social welfare activities .
 It encourages democratic values .
 According to scientific humanism , man controls his own fate

7. Education according to Herbert Spencer
According to Herbert Spencer the main concept of
education is preparation for complete living.
For him education is natural process. Education is not
only the bunch of knowledge we acquire, but the
knowledge need to use or utilize in practical life.

8. Herbert Spencer
1820-1903

9. Aims Of Education
Spencer wants to give proper education to child after developing their
interest. He says that the child is not only to be taught but to be made
such as to enable him to teach himself.
 Prepare human being for complete living.
 The great aim of education is not knowledge but action.
 Development of Childs powers and abilities.
 To make students to be a good citizen of the country.
 To help the students to earn for their living hood.
 To develop punctuality in human being.

10. Curriculum
Spencer gave first priority to subjects like physiology , hygiene ,Art and
craft, Home Science, physics and chemistry and placed history , politics
and economics at the other end of the curriculum. According to Spencer ,
science is the key which opens the locks of the knowledge of other subjects
. He said , " History cannot be utilized properly without the knowledge of
science “. For him the knowledge of science was essential for preparing us
for life. Curriculum should be like that which make students to be a good
citizen of the country.
Curriculum should be like that which will make us self-reliant and
confidant .

11. Maxims of Teaching
Spencer wants to give education in such a manner that the children
do not feel bored in the process of acquiring knowledge. Spencer
has given us the following maxim of teaching :
 Proceed From Simple To Complex
 Proceed from known to unknown
 Less teaching by teacher much by student
 Teaching through sense
 Teaching should be pleasurable and interesting
 Self learning
 Heuristic method of teaching
 Rote method

12. Moral Education
Spencer laid stress on the moral behavior of the parents
for moral training of the child. He believed in the theory
of natural consequences. Parents have to give that type of
moral education that will have its impact on society.
Friendly behavior should be shown to them. At same time
anger and displeasure may also be shown to them. After
that it should be seen that the child are able to exercise
self control over themselves.

13. Physical Education
According to Herbert Spencer physical education should be
based on scientific principles. He stress on physical exercise in
the school program are necessary. He says that one's progress
depends both on physical and mental development. The
whole life rests on health. So he has rendered great service by
drawing attention of the people to physical education.

14. Spencer and Discipline
Spencer was dead against of punishment . He prefer self
discipline.

15. Conclusion
Herbert Spencer's contribution to the field of education is
everlasting. He has influenced modern methods of teaching.
He wants to introduce science at all possible places. Science is
given an important place in his curriculum. He has given a
new definition of Education.

16. References
 Aggarwal J.C(2017) Thoughts & Ideas of great educators. New Delhi: Vikash
publishing house P.V.T L.T.D.
 Sharma.K Yogendra (2016): The Doctrines of great Western educators. New
Delhi: Kanishka publishing house.
 Chaube. SP & Chaube.A (2002): Ideas of the great western educators.New
Delhi:Concept publishing Co.
 https://www.britannica.com/biography/Herbert-Spencer

17. Thank You…