This presentation is a summarized study for gathering novel ideas regarding recent advances, current status and future prospects of graphene anode incorporated LIBs and SIBs for superior capacity.

1. EMERGENCE OF GRAPHENE AS
ANODE MATERIALS FOR
ENHANCED ENERGY STORAGE IN
RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES
Prepared by
Md. Rahat Al Hassan
Lecturer, Dept. of GCE, RUET

2. MODERN TECHNOLOGY DEMANDS
“Advanced materials for better future”
Which material can build coming future?
Nothing else but “Ceramic”

3. HIGH STRENGTH STEEL

4. ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION

5. VERY THIN SI WAFER

6. TRANSPARENT CONDUCTOR

7. FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS

8. ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM

9. Graphene: a
miracle ceramic
class material
--Gathers all these superb
properties--
Strongest
so far
Higher
transparenc
y
Fascinating
energy
storage
Outstanding
thermal
conductivity
Thinnest
ever known
Highest
electrical
conductivity

10. WHAT IS GRAPHENE?
 Remember… quite a while ago probably we
all used graphite pencil in school
 Graphene just an atom thick isolated plane
carbon structure was hidden in that pencil
 …Extremely impressive….

11. MOTHER OF ALL CARBON NANOSTRUCTURES

12. HOME OF GRAPHENE
Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov
won the Nobel Prize in 2010 for
groundbreaking
experiments back in 2004: “first peeling
off single layer graphene”

13. TODAY’S FOCUS
We won’t explore whole graphene
world
Just highlight:
“ Graphene enhanced rechargeable
battery for higher energy”

14. ENERGY STORAGE
 This term simply denotes energy capture
from grid supply and utilize on demand
 Battery well known electrochemical Storage

15. KEY ISSUE IN POWER-HUNGRY
ELECTRONIC DEVICE

16. Prime challenge of upcoming days

17. RECHARGEABLE BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE
 Well known energy storage system
 Store energy by charging again and
again after discharge

18. LITHIUM ION BATTERY: AT A GLANCE
 Very promising type
rechargeable battery
 Operates on lithium
ions transfer anode to
cathode during
discharge and back
when charging

19. EARLY DAYS
 First attempt to fabricate in 1980
 Finally Sony first exposed it in 1991
 Their battery anode was solid carbonaceous
coke material

20. USE OF GRAPHITE ANODE
 Since 1997 to till date most Li ion
manufacturers including Sony, shifted to
graphite
 Graphite as electrode 48.1 % use in U.S.A

21. GLOBAL BOOM OF LI ION BATTERY
Widely used in electric vehicles, portable
consumer electronics and grid storage
systems

22. WORLDWIDE MARKET SCENARIO
 Global lithium-ion battery market value in
2016 was USD 31.17 billion
 May reach to 67.70 billion by 2022

23. WHY USED?
 High energy density
 High safety level
 Quick charging

24. FURTHER IMPROVEMENTS TO BE DONE
 Reducing the weight
 Minimizing cost
 Enhancing power density
 Upgrading cyclic stability
 Increasing rate capability

25. NEWER ELECTRODES FOR HIGHER POWER
 Battery performances depend on electrode
(anode/cathode) and electrolyte materials
 Currently used graphite anode has charge
storage capacity of 372 mAh/g
 We emphasize graphene anode substitution
for superior performances

26. SUPERB ELECTROCHEMICAL FEATURES OF
GRAPHENE
It possesses-
1. Very high charge storage capacity
2. Better coulombic efficiency
3. Higher cyclic stability
4. Upgraded rate capability

27. GRAPHENE BATTERY TO POWER THE WORLD
Engineers few years ago at Northwestern
University showed graphene anodes hold
energy better than graphite, with 10x
faster charging
Properties Graphite Graphene
Electrical conductivity (cm2 V-1
s-1)
20000 250000
Surface area (m2 g-1) 14 2630
Mechanical strength (GPa) 0.076 1060
Thermal conductivity (Wm-1k-
1)
114 3000

28. GRAPHENE ANODE JOURNEY
First in 2008 Yoo et al. reported
For GNS 540 mAh/g;
GNS+CNT 730 mAh/g;
GNS+C60 784mAh/g

29. LIMITATIONS HERE
 Anode volume expansion during charging
>> results poor structural and cyclic stability
 Slow Li ion diffusion kinetics due to interior
space lacking
>> results lower rate performance

30. GRAPHENE NANOCOMPOSITE
 To have superior electrochemistry
researches switched to graphene based
nanocomposite structure
 Here graphene act as matrix and metallic
oxide/sulphide nanoparticles reinforced
phase
(Fe3O4, Fe2O3, MoS2, Co3O4, CuO, SiC, SnO2,
SnS etc)
 Researchers constructed versatile models

32. GRAPHENE NANOCOMPOSITE EVOLUTION

33. NANO COMPOSITE BREAKTHROUGHS
Reinforced particle give higher charge storage
Matrix graphene buffers anode volume
expansion
>> So better cyclic stability
Also provides higher electronic conductivity
>> Superior rate performance
More interior voids
>> Results faster Li ion diffusion

34. EXPLORING RECENT INVESTIGATIONS
To gather an idea over graphene anode
incorporated battery performances &
potentials

35. MOS2/GRAPHENE COMPOSITE
 Reported in 2011 by Chang et al.
 Charge storage capacity 1571 mAhg-1. After
100 cycles 1187 mAhg-1 remained
SEM microstructure

36. FE2O3/ RGO COMPOSITE
 Reported in 2011 by Zhu et al
 First discharge capacity 1693 mAhg-1. After
50 cycles 1027 mAhg-1 was obtained

37. SNO2/ N-DOPED RGO COMPOSITE
 Revealed in 2013 by Zhou et al.
 First discharge capacity 1865 mAhg-1. After
500 cycles 1074 mAhg-1 remained
 Attractive coulombic efficiency and cyclic
stability

38. SIO/GRAPHENE COMPOSITE
 Published in 2017 by Shi et al
 First discharge capacity 1600 mAhg-1 After
100 cycles 1490 mAhg-1 remained

39. CO3O4/GRAPHENE COMPOSITE
 Reported in 2017 by Yang et al.
 First discharge capacity 1304 mAhg-1 After
100 cycles 1113 mAhg-1 remained

40. PERFORMANCE EXPLOSION

41. GRAPHENE ANODE NA ION BATTERIES
Recently expanding technology due to
 Na more available and lower price than Li
 Alternative option overcoming Li scarcity and
cost

42. RECENT INVESTIGATIONS HIGHLIGHTS
 To show promising findings
 To predict future demand

43. PHOSPHORUS/GRAPHENE
 Reported in 2014 by Song et al.
 First discharge capacity 2077 mAhg-1 After
60 cycles 1700 mAhg-1 remained
 Anode prepared by ball milling

44. PHOSPHORENE/GRAPHENE
 Reported in 2015 by Sun et al.
 First discharge capacity 2440 mAhg-1 After
100 cycles 2080 mAhg-1 remained
 Higher charge storage, cyclic stability

45. SNS/N-DOPED GRAPHENE
 Reported in 2017 by Xiong et al.
 First discharge capacity 1100 mAhg-1 After
1000 cycles 510 mAhg-1 remained
 Outstanding cyclic stability

46. PERFORMANCE EXPLOSION

47. CHALLENGES TO EXCEED
 Requires more comprehensive focus on
anode structure and performance
relationship
 Needs vast production feasibility in industrial
scale
 Keeping price within consumer limit

48. GRAPHENE BATTERY FOR NEXT GENERATION
 Outperform current commercial batteries
 ANGSTRON MATERIALS predicts-

49. FEW STEPS TAKEN TO USE GRAPHENE BATTERY
 Graphene Nanochem and Sync R&D’s
October 2014 plan to co-develop graphene-
enhanced Li-ion batteries for electric buses
 UK based Perpetuus Carbon Group and OXIS
Energy agreed in 2014 to co-
develop graphene-based batteries for electric
cars
 US based Graphene 3D Labs, plans to print
3D graphene batteries

50. COMMERCIAL TRAVEL
 In June 2014, US based Vorbek materials
announced world’s first graphene enhanced
battery weighs 450 grams, provides 7,200 mAh
 In November 2016, Huawei unvieled graphene
enhanced Li ion that can remain functional at
higher temperature around 60 degree

51. EUROPE GRAPHENE BATTERY MARKET
SIZE (USD MILLION), (2014 – 2024)

52. PROSPECT IN BANGLADESH
 At present many manufacturers of graphite
anode Li ion batteries
 For graphene battery just we need a facile
route for large scale graphene synthesis
 A bit modification in current process

53. LOCALLY FEASIBLE FABRICATION
 Graphene oxide fabrication by modified
Hummer’s method
 Yes, supported in local technology
Graphite
Graphite
oxide
Graphene
oxide
Heavy oxidation Ultrsonication

54. LOCALLY FEASIBLE FABRICATION
 Next ball milling for anode fabrication
 Our technology support it
Yes! Fully possible…
Let’s brave for industrial production

55. REFERENCES
 A. https://globenewswire.com/news-
release/2017/09/13/1120126/0/en/Global-Lithium-Ion-Battery-Market-
Will-Reach-USD-67-70-billion-by-2022-Zion-Market-Research.html
 B. Chang, K., & Chen, W. (2011). L-cysteine-assisted synthesis of
layered MoS2/graphene composites with excellent electrochemical
performances for lithium ion batteries. ACS nano, 5(6), 4720-4728
 Zhu, X., Zhu, Y., Murali, S., Stoller, M. D., & Ruoff, R. S. (2011).
Nanostructured reduced graphene oxide/Fe2O3 composite as a high-
performance anode material for lithium ion batteries. ACS nano, 5(4),
3333-3338
 Zhou, X., Wan, L. J., & Guo, Y. G. (2013). Binding SnO2 nanocrystals in
nitrogen‐doped graphene sheets as anode materials for lithium‐ion
batteries. Advanced Materials, 25(15), 2152-2157.
 Shi, L., Pang, C., Chen, S., Wang, M., Wang, K., Tan, Z., ... & Liu, Z.
(2017). Vertical graphene growth on SiO microparticles for stable lithium
ion battery anodes. Nano Letters.

56. REFERENCES
 Yang, Y., Huang, J., Zeng, J., Xiong, J., & Zhao, J. (2017). Direct Electrophoretic
Deposition of Binder-Free Co3O4/Graphene Sandwich-Like Hybrid Electrode as
Remarkable Lithium Ion Battery Anode. ACS Applied Materials &
Interfaces, 9(38), 32801-32811.
 Xing, X., Yang, C., Wang, G., Lin, Y., Ou, X., Wang, J. H., ... & Huang, K. (2017).
SnS nanoparticles electrostatically anchored on three-dimensional N-doped
graphene as an active and durable anode for sodium-ion batteries. Energy &
Environmental Science, 10(8), 1757-1763.
 Song, J., Yu, Z., Gordin, M. L., Hu, S., Yi, R., Tang, D., ... & Manivannan, A.
(2014). Chemically bonded phosphorus/graphene hybrid as a high performance
anode for sodium-ion batteries. Nano letters, 14(11), 6329-6335.
 Sun, J., Lee, H. W., Pasta, M., Yuan, H., Zheng, G., Sun, Y., ... & Cui, Y. (2015).
A phosphorene–graphene hybrid material as a high-capacity anode for sodium-
ion batteries. Nature nanotechnology, 10(11), 980-985.

57. Thanks lot