3. 3
AGFA NDT YOUR SUPPLIER OF COMPLETE NDT SYSTEMS
Best known for its photographic product business, which dates back to 1894, today Agfa is the leading supplier
of imaging solutions across many applications – Graphic Systems, Consumer Imaging, HealthCare, Industrial
Imaging, and Non-Destructive Testing (NDT). Agfa NDT now offers an expanded product assortment which
includes conventional and digital radiography, digital network solutions, X-ray equipment, ultrasonic testing
instruments and automated inspection systems. Agfa NDT has achieved leading positions in these areas through
its customer focus and stands ready to meet its customers’ needs today and in the future with ongoing innova-
tions, new products and an extensive worldwide support and service organization.
Agfa’s Krautkramer Ultrasonic Systems is the world’s largest developer,
manufacturer and supplier of high technology ultrasonic equiment and
product specific testing systems. The product line includes ultrasonic
flaw detectors, complete testing systems, thickness gauges, portable
hardness testers, transducers and application software. We can also
offer specially prepared training courses and customized application
solutions.
Agfa’s Pantak Seifert X-ray Systems offer a single source for all cus-
tomers’ X-ray requirements. The advanced design of the ERESCO
portable and ISOVOLT HS stationary units results in the highest out-
put power for film radiography applications, allowing the shortest of
exposure times.
Employing two modern applications laboratories in Europe and the
US, solutions to customer’s most difficult X-ray inspection problems
can be determined and a system designed to meet their exact needs.
This also includes high-end 3D-CT applications and those that require
extreme high-speed automated defect recognition (SABA).
Agfa’s RADView Digital Systems is an industry leader in Direct
Radiography (DR) technology, which, instead of film, uses an amor-
phous selenium imaging plate to create digital images. The images
are viewed on the RADView Digital Systems workstation. Powered by
the RADView software, the workstation provides rich image enhance-
ment, analysis functions, flexible information management, which
leads the world in its user friendliness. Other RADView products
available are Computed Radiography (CR) readers, NDT Phosphor
Imaging Plates & Cassettes and Film Digitizing Systems.
Agfa’s Structurix Film Systems is a manufacturer and supplier of a fully
integrated range of X-ray films, chemicals and processing equipment.
The ‘STRUCTURIX’ brandname, another industry leader has achieved
international acclaim through product excellence, reinforced by well-
qualified and experienced technical and service specialists. Lloyds, BSI
and TÜV approvals and accreditations are held covering development,
manufacture, supply and service of sensitized films for use in industrial
radiography and processing equipment.
For further information about Agfa’s products and services, please visit our web site at AgfaNDT.com
4. 4
Agfa NDT offers innovative indus-
trial X-ray film systems and ser-
vices that give you the edge in
quality control and customer satis-
faction.
With its worldwide response capa-
bility, Agfa meets your needs. No
matter where they occur you get
what you would expect from the
market leader.
AGFA’S INNOVATIVE QUALITY,
YOUR COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE
“There is
no substitute
for quality”
5. 5
S T R U C T U R I X F I L M
S Y S T E M S
RUGGED QUALITY FILMS
STRUCTURIX film systems are the
film types most widely used in
industrial radiography, in which
Agfa is the world market leader.
Our customers worldwide are
enthusiastic about our universal
and reliable products.
Compliance with ISO 9001
demonstrates Agfa’s goal of con-
tinuously striving for the highest
product quality. Our Marketing
and Research staff keeps close
track of your needs, requirements
and technological advancements.
As a result, we can more precisely
design and develop products
and systems to meet increasing
demands of the market.
STRUCTURIX films for many years
have enjoyed an excellent reputa-
tion, but have now further
improved their quality as the result
of a high cost, large scale research
and development project lasting
for several years.
The STRUCTURIX family is based
on Agfa’s advanced film
technology, which has two main
foundations of great importance in
NDT: image quality and consistent
rugged behavior.
6. 6
OPTIMUM IMAGE QUALITY
All the STRUCTURIX films benefit
from an Agfa emulsion break-
through that gives increased con-
trast and maximum detail percepti-
bility. In fact, it results in the high-
est intrinsic defect recognizability
for each speed range. Even the
smallest details can be interpreted
easily.
The finished X-ray film has a high
quality with a brilliant surface, and
the image has a pleasant blue tint.
High image quality
and perceptibility
through optimiza-
tion of “the signal
to noise ratio” for
every STRUCTURIX
film.
Contrast (signal) of
all films is opti-
mized to approach
the maximum con-
trast for a linear
detector (industrial
X-ray Film), thereby
optimizing image
quality and percep-
tibility. An excep-
tion to the rule is D2, a super linear
detector, where image quality is opti-
mized through more than linear
(extreme high) contrast in combination
with very low noise.
D2
D2
D3
D4
D5
D7
D8
D3
D4
D5
D7
D8
SPEED
IMAGE
QUALITY
SPEED
LOCAL
CONTRAST
Technological axis
of STRUCTURIX D family
Optimization of contrast
Faster
Better
Faster
Better
Theoretical maximum
for linear detection
7. 7
CONSISTENT PRODUCTION QUALITY
STRUCTURIX NDT films are manu-
factured in large quantities. To
ensure that they meet the most
rigorous worldwide quality stan-
dards, they are produced at one
facility under tightly controlled
conditions in an ultramodern coat-
ing room.
Agfa’s Total Quality Management
(TQM) approach, certified by the
ISO 9001 label, is the foundation
of the system leading to this
exceptional performance in pro-
duction consistency. People, pro-
duction equipment, and organiza-
tion all become one system geared
to consistency and continuous
improvements. What we call the
moving target quality philosophy.
Moving target means that to meet
the increasing needs of our cus-
tomers, quality has to be built into
our products; not by additional
testing, but by design. Agfa’s
emulsion technology, for example,
helps to provide a highly homoge-
neous emulsion over the total
coating area.
CONSISTENT PROCESSING QUALITY
For many years STRUCTURIX films
have had the reputation of provid-
ing consistent and excellent results
over a wide range of operating
conditions.
Production
process
consistency
Film batches
Not only do the STRUCTURIX
films have outstanding quality,
they also have an exceptionally
high level of batch to batch unifor-
mity (see figure).
Cubic Grain Plus technology
The Cubic Grain Plus technology is
at the base of this consistent stable
behavior. The extreme narrow
grain size distribution, in combina-
tion with the cubic shape, assures
that all exposed grains (latent
image) will simultaneously develop
the same density over a wide
range of processing conditions.
Moreover, they will do so render-
ing the very high contrast which is
responsible for the high image
quality.
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
2.10
2.00
1.90
97% 95% 68%
Film
density
Speed
(Rel LogE)
8. 8
PROTECTIVE COATING
An important feature in the
STRUCTURIX films is a special pro-
tective top coat resulting directly
from Agfa’s Split Antistress Layer
(SAL) technology.
This top coat gives the Agfa films
unique high resistance to pressure,
scratching and creasing.
Another advantage of the Agfa
top coat is that surface roughness
has been optimized for problem-
free processing in automatic feed-
ers such as the STRUCTURIX
FEEDER.
DARKROOM LIGHT SENSITIVITY
STRUCTURIX D films may be
exposed to darkroom safelight
conditions longer without sensito-
metric fogging (ANSI PH 2.22).
This means that brighter safelight
illumination can be used, resulting
in more ergonomic and efficient
working conditions.
Recommended Agfa filters are
R1 (orange-red) and G7 (green).
4
3
3
4
2
2
1
Cubic grain plus
Matting agent
STRUCTURIX quality... rugged performance
The emulsion coatings are covered by
two separate antistress layers (3+4).
To achieve a rugged surface, the top
layer has received the matting agent.
Split Anti-stress Layer
Emulsion Layer
Base
Emulsion Layer
Split Anti-stress Layer
9. 9
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
OPTIMIZED PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
STRUCTURIX D2 D3 s.c. D4 s.c. D3 D4
D5 D7 D8 Exposure and processing
parameters: 200 kV, Pb screens, autom.
proc.,
8 min. cycle, devel G 135, 28°C - 82°F
1) In accordance with ANSI PH 2.8,
lSO 7004 without lead screens.
2) ln accordance with ANSI PH 2.8,
lSO 7004 and EN 584-1 with lead
screens 0.027 mm.
3) 8 mm Cu filtration, 0.1/0.2 mm lead
screens.
4) Exposure with lead screens
0.1/0.2 mm.
5) Exposure with Fe screens
front: 1 mm, back: 1 mm.
Object Fe 160 mm. FFD = 2 m.
D3
D4
D5
D8
D7
D2
D3 s.c.
Sensitometric curves
Blue-base
Log. rel. exp.
(*) CONTRAST. The average gradient of
the section of the characteristic
curve between densities 1.5 and 3.5
(obtained at 200 kV in accordance
with lSO 7004).
Density
Relative exposure factors
100 kV (1) 200 kV (2) Ir 192 (3) Co 60 (4) LINAC/8 MeV(5) CONTRAST(*)
STRUCTURIX D2 9.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 9.0 6.0
STRUCTURIX D3 s.c. 9.5 8.0 - - - 5.3
STRUCTURIX D4 s.c. 5.4 4.8 - - - 4.6
STRUCTURIX D3 4.1 4.3 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.5
STRUCTURIX D4 3.0 2.7 3.0 3.0 3.1 5.4
STRUCTURIX D5 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 5.4
STRUCTURIX D7 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 5.4
STRUCTURIX D8 0.6 0.65 0.6 0.6 0.6 4.3
D4 s.c.
10. 10
IMAGE QUALITY AND FILM SYSTEM CLASSES
T O W A R D S A N E W
F I L M S Y S T E M
C L A S S I F I C A T I O N
As a result of being able to objec-
tively determine the performance of
a specific Film System ( Film +
Chemistry + Processing) film radio-
graphy remains the number one and
most widely used NDT technique.
The classification system classifies
a film inclusive of processing (type
and chemicals). This illustrates the
importance of processing in rela-
tion to imaging.
The parameters are:
G2 (contrast) Net density: D = 2
G4 (contrast) Net density: D = 4
σD (noise) Net density: D = 2
G/σD Net density: D = 2
These parameters are selected on
the basis of insight into imaging
theory applied to the industrial
X-ray film systems. G is a measure
of the signal gain factor and σD
indicates the noise, so that G/σd
represents the signal/noise ratio.
In the context of growing quality
awareness the new perception of
film system classification, described in
EN 584, ASTM 1815, ISO 11699
and JIS-K7627, is gradually flowing
into the industry.
The introduction of the Industrial Film
Systems Classification Standards EN
584-1, ASTM E-1815, ISO 11699-1
and JIS-K7627 provide an important
means to assign film systems (film
types in combination with processing)
to the appropriate film system class.
These standards identify the vari-
ous types of industrial X-ray film
systems and classify them based
on objectively quantified parame-
ters that are the foundation of film
imaging performance.
The standards for control of film
processing EN 584-2 and ISO
11699-2 provide the means to
control the processing at the
processor user level. The objective
is to make sure that a classified
system will also produce the
expected capabilities in daily use.
(See: Structurix Quality Assurance)
11. 11
A/Automatic
Chemicals G 135/G 335 - development immersion time : 100 sec.
Developing temperature: 28°C - (82°F)
GRADIENT G σD G/σd ISO DOSE
SPEED m Gy
FILM TYPE CEN ISO ASTM DENS=2 DENS=4 DENS=2 DENS=2 S D=2
D2 C1 T1 special 5.2 9.1 0.014 371 32 22.3
D3 C2 T1 I 4.7 8.6 0.016 294 64 14.0
D4 C3 T2 I 4.6 7.6 0.020 232 100 8.7
D5 C4 T2 I 4.4 7.6 0.026 169 200 4.6
D7 C5 T3 II 4.4 7.6 0.031 142 320 3.2
D8 C6 T4 III 4.1 5.2 0.035 114 400 2.2
B/Manual
Chemicals G 128/G 328 - development immersion time : 300 sec.
Developing temperature: 20°C - (68°F)
GRADIENT G σD G/σd ISO DOSE
SPEED m Gy
FlLM TYPE CEN ISO ASTM DENS=2 DENS=4 DENS=2 DENS=2 S D=2
D2 C1 T1 special 5.1 9.0 0.013 392 32 23.5
D3 C2 T1 I 4.8 8.4 0.016 303 64 14.0
D4 C3 T2 I 4.6 8.0 0.020 232 100 8.7
D5 C4 T2 I 4.6 8.0 0.026 177 160 4.4
D7 C5 T3 II 4.6 8.0 0.032 144 320 3.2
D8 C6 T4 III 4.1 6.8 0.035 117 400 2.2
Image Quality & Film System Classes
FILM TYPE CEN ASTM ISO JIS-K7627
STRUCTURIX EN 584-1 E 1815-96 11699-1
D2 C1 special T1 T1
D3 s.c. T1 T1
D4 s.c. T1 T1
D3 C2 I T1 T1
D4 C3 I T2 T2
D5 C4 I T2 T2
D7 C5 II T3 T3
D8 C6 III T4 T4
12. 12
CHARACTERISTICS
STRUCTURIX D2
Extremely fine grain film with very high contrast. Ideal for exposures
requiring the finest possible detail rendering.
STRUCTURIX D3 s.c.
Single coated films with very high image quality, (accurate interpretabili-
ty,) high contrast and pleasant image tint. The ideal films for optical
enlargements. The colorless back coating prevents film curl under all
conditions.
STRUCTURIX D3
Ultra fine grain film with very high contrast. This film obtaines a very
high detail perceptability which meets the requirements of the most
critical NDT applications. For exposure with lead screens using either
X-ray, gamma rays or radiation from megavolt equipment.
STRUCTURIX D4
Extra fine grain film with very high contrast. Suitable for a wide variety
of critical applications. For exposure with lead screens using either
X-ray, gamma rays or radiation from megavolt equipment.
STRUCTURIX D5
Very fine grain film with high contrast. Excellent for visualization of dis-
continuities. This film is intended for use with lead screens using either
X-ray or gamma rays.
STRUCTURIX D7
Fine grain film with high contrast and high speed. Designed for direct
exposure or with lead screens. For exposure with lead screens using
either X-ray or gamma rays.
STRUCTURIX D8
Medium grain film with high contrast and very high speed. Suitable for
a variety of applications. This film can be used for direct exposure, or
with lead screens. It gives good image quality with short exposure
times. If even higher speed is required, fluorescent screens, in combi-
nation with Structurix F8 (not D8) should be used.
STRUCTURIX D4 s.c.
13. 13
APPLICATIONS
• electronic components
• composite materials
• castings (light metals and alloys)
• multiple film techniques
• electronic components
• composite materials
• neutron radiography
• electronic components
• composite materials
• castings
• very high quality welds
• nuclear quality
• aerospace and aircraft industry
• multiple film techniques
• electronic components
• composite materials
• castings
• very high quality welds
• defence and nuclear industry
• aerospace and aerospace industry
• multiple film techniques
• welding
• castings
• shipbuilding
• aerospace and aircraft industry
• multiple film techniques
• welding and casting
• defence industry
• aerospace and aircraft industry
• composite materials
• multiple film techniques
• concrete and heavy construction work
• castings
• multiple film technique
• inspections whereby optical enlargement is required
• multiple film techniques
14. 14
100
120
kV
mm
140 160 180 200 220
240
260
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
10 20 30 40
100
100 120
kV
m.A.min
m.A.min
100
100 120
kV
mm
140 160 180 200
240
220
260
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
10 20 30 40
m.A.min
100
100 120
kV
mm
140 160 180 200
240
220
260
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
10 20 30 40
m.A.min
100
100 120
kV
mm
140 160 180
240
200
220
260
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
10 20 30 40
m.A.min
mm
140 160 180 200
220
260
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
10 20 30 40
100
kV
m.A.min
mm
140 160 180 200 220 240
260
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
10 20 30 40
EXPOSURE DIAGRAMS
Exposure diagrams can be very useful for setting
the correct exposure. The diagrams shown here
are meant only as a guide, as the correct expo-
sure will mainly depend on the variations of the
object, the exposure equipment used and on the
processing conditions.
STRUCTURIX D5
STRUCTURIX D2
STRUCTURIX D7
STRUCTURIX D3
STRUCTURIX D8
STRUCTURIX D4
Steel (Fe) • Type of X-ray tube:
constant potential
• Pb-screens
• Density: 2
• FFD: 1m
• Autom. proc.:
8 min. cycle G 135,
28°C (82.4°F).
17. 17
SPECIAL APPLICATIONS
S T R U C T U R I X F 8
Designed as a high quality film for
fluorometallic (RCF) screen expo-
sure when the speed obtainable
with Pb screen system is insuffi-
cient or radiation safety is of prime
importance.
Sensitive to all UV and blue-emit-
ting screens. Calcium tungstate
with lead or lead oxide backing, so
called fluorometallic screens
(STRUCTURIX RCF Screens) are
most suited for industrial applica-
tions.
F8 with fluorescent screens is used
in a variety of heavy construction
applications, concrete, in line
examination of piping, where
X-ray energy has to be limited,
flash radiography and microfocus
enlargement techniques.
STRUCTURIX F8 is well-suited for
off-shore pipelines and similar
applications.
Those areas need short exposure
time through the use of fluoro-
metalic screens and fast processing
cycles.
F8 is preferably processed in short
cycle (90 sec.). If needed standard
8 min. cycle can be used alterna-
tively.
Relative exposure factor
with fluorometallic screens
depends on:
• temperature
• radiation energy
• exposure time
(see page 20 for more details)
When maximum speed is impor-
tant the use of very fast screens
such as the Agfa NDT 1200
screen can further reduce the
exposure time 3 to 6 times com-
pared to RCF screens.
F8 is the ideal fast, high contrast,
high definition film for fluorescent
screen applications.
When higher sharpness is required
we advise the use of D8 with Pb
screens.
-0,5 0
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3
Sensitometric curves with
RCF fluorometallic screens.
F8
High speed, high contrast fine grain film,
for exposures in combination with
fluorometallic (RCF) screens or
fluorescent screens
• high system speed is main requirement
• on stream corrosion/erosion
radiography
• concrete and heavy constructions
• low dosage output, e.g. microfocus
F8 + RCF
D8 + Pb
Log. rel. exp.
Density
Blue base
(at 200 kV,
F8 + RCF,
5 sec.)
18. 18
STRUCTURIX intensifying
screens: features
When excited by X-rays or
gamma-rays the STRUCTURIX
RCF fluorometallic screen becomes
blue emitting. The screen has an
incorporated filter of lead oxide for
scattered radiation. The emission
spectrum is matched to the spec-
tral sensitivity of the STRUCTURIX
F type films. The strong fluores-
cent STRUCTURIX RCF screen
offers the ideal compromise
between detail perceptibility and
working efficiency. The extra
strong Electron-Beam-Cured (EBC)
protective coating and the poly-
ester support make the screen par-
ticularly durable.
One of the most important applica-
tions of the STRUCTURIX RCF
screens lies in the inspection of off-
shore pipelines. Combining the
screen sensitivity and rapid process-
ing of the STRUCTURIX F8 film
provides an ideal film-screen sys-
tem. In the in line as well, the use of
the STRUCTURIX RCF-screen in
combination with the STRUCTURIX
F8 film means a considerable
amount of time-saving.
The blue emitting STRUCTURIX
NDT 1200 fluorescent screen has
an extremely high absorption and
conversion efficiency together with
acceptable detail perceptibility. The
combination with a STRUCTURIX
F8 film makes this film-screen
system convenient for high-energy
applications like the non-destruc-
tive testing of heavy specimens,
the examination of large concrete
structures (bridges and buildings).
The STRUCTURIX NDT 1200
screen can also be a solution for
flash radiography by which expo-
sure times are extremely short and
for microfocus-enlargment tech-
niques by which radiation doses
are very low.
S T R U C T U R I X
I N T E N S I F Y I N G
S C R E E N S
The STRUCTURIX range offers two
intensifying screens. The STRUC-
TURIX RCF fluorometallic screen
and the high speed STRUCTURIX
NDT 1200 fluorescent screen.
STRUCTURIX intensifying
screens: Advantages
The STRUCTURIX fluorometallic
(RCF) and fluorescent screens
(NDT 1200) based on the conven-
tional phosphor material calcium
tungsten (CaWO4) reduce radia-
tion exposure, and/or the neces-
sary level of radiation energy. They
detect the radiographic penetra-
tion of thick objects.
Being a more productive and
effective testing method the use of
the STRUCTURIX RCF and NDT
1200 screens reduces the exposure
equipment load.
The flexible screen enables radiog-
raphy of curved objects.
19. 19
Relative Exposure
F8 D7
100 kV NDT 1200 0.010
RCF 0.030
No screen 1.000
300 kV NDT 1200 + Pb 0.008
RCF 0.022
Pb 1.000
Ir 192 NDT 1200 + Pb 0.007
RCF 0.035
Pb 1.000
Co 60 NDT 1200 + Pb 0.006
RCF 0.040
Pb 1.000
Treatment of STRUCTURIX
intensifying screens
The STRUCTURIX screens should
be protected from moisture, heat
and ultra-violet radiation. Dust and
marks should be removed from the
screen immediately using an
approved Screen Cleaner. The Agfa
Screen Cleaner obviously cleans the
screen but also contains an anti-
static element which provides dirt
and dust on the screen caused by
static electricity.
Relative Exposure Factor
When making exposures with fluo-
rescent screens it is important to
understand the potential impact of
variables such as temperature, expo-
sure energy and exposure time:
• Intensifying screens fluoresce
more brilliantly at low tempera-
ture. Therefore the screen effi-
ciency will drop with increasing
temperature.
• With increasing energy, the
absorption of fluorescent screens
is reduced and, as a result, the
intensifying effect is diminished.
• Due to the “reciprocity effect”
with fluorescent screen systems,
the gain in exposure time com-
pared to lead screen systems,
diminishes with increasing expo-
sure length.
80
60
40
20
10
8
6
4
2
100
100
200
400
300 350 400 450 500 550
80
60
40
20
10
8
6
4
2
Spectral sensitivity of
STRUCTURIX F8
(for density 1.0 above fog)
Relative emmission spectrum of
intensifying screens
S = (uJ )
cm
Spectograms
20. 20
THE RIGHT PACKAGING FOR EVERY
STRUCTURIX FILM
Agfa has a very wide range of dif-
ferent forms of packaging, which
are in accordance with the ISO
5655 norm. For every application
of industrial radiography there is
the right STRUCTURIX film in the
right packaging. No object is too
large or too small, an X-ray film of
the appropriate size is available for
every exposure. STRUCTURIX
films are supplied in all standard
sheet and roll sizes (special sizes on
demand) and in darkroom or day-
light packaging.
S H E E T F I L M I N
D A Y L I G H T
P A C K A G I N G
P b VA C U PA C
Completely light tight,
airtight and moisture-
proof
Pb VACUPAC is the perfect day-
light packaging.
The STRUCTURIX X-ray films with
Pb screens, with a standard thick-
ness of 0.027 mm, are vacuum
packed in a completely light tight,
airtight and moistureproof foil
complex. The foil, a spin off from
space technology, is a metalized
polymer involving the deposition
of vaporized aluminium under
vacuum. The synthetic foil ensures
that VACUPAC can be used under
extremely dirty and damp condi-
tions. Pb VACUPAC is ideal for
applications with energies higher
than 100 kV.
Optimal image quality
As a result of the vacuum, contact
between the STRUCTURIX film
and the lead screens is perfect
guaranteeing optimal image defini-
tion. Even if VACUPAC is placed
around a spherical or curved work-
piece, film/screen contact is
retained fully.
Easy to use
Either side of the wrapper can be
placed on the object to be tested.
A center cross on the envelope
allows easy positioning.
In addition, VACUPAC can be
opened in one movement thanks
to the easy peel-off effect.
P R A C T I C A L
D A Y L I G H T
P A C K A G I N G
Time saving
Agfa packages its STRUCTURIX
films on ultramodern packaging
machines. This ready to use pack-
aging can be placed directly on the
object to be X-rayed. This saves
valuable time which would other-
wise be used to place the film
manually in cassettes in the dark-
room.
Improved quality
Agfa packages all its films auto-
matically in an ISO 9001 environ-
ment using new lead screens for
every packaging. This method
guarantees optimal quality. By
excluding all so called film faults,
such as dust in the packaging and
faults caused by the lead. Reshots
due to these faults are a thing of
the past.
More economical
The “time is money” principle
means that ease of use, both dur-
ing exposure and in the darkroom,
and the avoidance of reshoots lead
to increased productivity.
On all daylight film packages the
film type is clearly marked. “Pb”
means the film is sandwiched
between lead screens (.001”/
0.027 mm). Daylight packed
sheets have a center cross on the
envelope to allow for easy posi-
tioning. Sheets are provided in an
easy to use strong fliptop box.
Rolls are supplied in a rigid dis-
penser box.
AN AGFA
INNOVATION
21. 21
P b E T E
(EDGE T0 EDGE)
The edge to edge Pb
versions are still available
for the less popular sheet
sizes for which a VACUPAC ver-
sion does not exist. A specific
advantage of the edge to edge is
the double sided edge. This makes
it possible to place the film against
or between elements of a work-
piece easily and accurately.
Opening the edge to edge pack-
aging is easy: by tearing open the
wrapper using the thread included
for this purpose, the film is easy to
remove via the long side. The Pb
edge to edge version is designed
for exposures with energies higher
than 100 kV and isotopes.
D W E T E
(EDGE T0 EDGE)
Light tight, moistureproof and
greaseproof packaging without Pb
screen. Ideal for exposures using
radiation energy lower than 100
kV. The envelopes can easily be cut
and taped for use in odd shaped
angles and corners. They are also
easy to tape to the workpiece.
Extra vacuum protection
Each pack of 100 sheets is also
supplied “in vacuo” to preserve
the vacuum well beyond the
expiry date.
AN AGFA
INNOVATION
22. Easy to use
Cassettes are not necessary with
ROLLPAC packaging. The film is
packed in accordance with the
edge to edge system with which
ROLLPAC can be placed accurately
on the object, for example a long
weld, to be tested, or right into the
corner of a flange. ROLLPAC is
placed around the object and
attached with adhesive tape.
Identification of the exposure needs
only occur once. This time saving
ROLLPAC packaging is supplied in
a convenient dispenser box.
P b R O L L PA C
Light tight, moisture-
proof and greaseproof
The film is sandwiched
between two .001”/0.027 mm
lead screens. ROLLPAC packaging
is completely light tight. Because
the packaging is also resistant to
moisture and grease it may come
into contact with damp or greasy
objects without affecting the film.
Optimal image quality
The unique way of packaging
ROLLPAC on our ROLLPAC
machines ensures that excellent
contact between the film and lead
foil is retained when applied to
spherical or tubular objects, even
those with a small diameter.
Because the screens are only used
once optimal results are guaran-
teed.
R O L L S I N D A Y L I G H T
P A C K A G I N G :
Whether you have to X-ray
pipelines, pressure vessels, air-
planes or storage tanks, with the
roll film packaging you can deter-
mine the length of film yourself so
that your radiographs can be made
in one piece.
Can be opened quickly and
easily
The special design of the ROLL-
PAC wrapper means that it can be
opened quickly and easily. The film
is removed by taking the unprinted
wrapper together with the lead
screen and the film in one hand
and the printed wrapper and the
other lead screen in the other. In
this way the film can be easily
stripped from the packaging.
The packaging of Rollpac in wider
formats (>10cm) has a tearstrip on
either side of the wrapper.
This enables the film to be
removed from the packaging easily
and above all quickly.
Length indication
on the wrapper
This allows you to easily determine
where to cut the film, it enables
you also to see how much film is
left. The film can be cut to any
length. This should be done in the
darkroom.
AN AGFA
INNOVATION
22
23. 23
D W R O L L PA C
DW ROLLPAC packaging
is specifically intended for
material testing using low
to very low radiation energy
(<100 kV).
Widths-up-to 35 cm (14 inches)
are available.
For testing at higher radiation
energy levels (>100 kV), e.g.
welding in boilers, storage tanks
and pipelines, Pb ROLLPAC is
used.
R O L L PA C P R E C U T
Even more economical
If specially ordered, the
films in ROLLPAC packag-
ing can also be supplied in precut
lengths from 70 cm (27.5”) on.
This exclusive form of packaging
saves you a considerable amount
of time and money. Ideal for
pipeline projects, which generally
consist of large series of pipes of
the same diameter. We can supply
ROLLPAC precut in the length
required for your project.
AN AGFA
INNOVATION
AN AGFA
INNOVATION
24. 24
Films for use with reloadable metal
or plastic cassettes and exposure
holders. The high level of dark-
room lighting tolerated by STRUC-
TURIX D films allow more com-
fortable loading and unloading
conditions.
Film type and size are clearly
marked on bottom, top and side
of each box for easy storage.
In the first instance, darkroom
packaging appears to be the most
economical solution because this is
the cheapest to buy. However,
before deciding on what to use,
the total radiography cost should
be considered. The film handling
costs, for example in the dark-
room, and the cost of reshoots are
important factors to consider. The
extra cost of cassettes and screens
should also be taken into account.
The total of this cost price calcula-
tion also depends of course on the
local conditions.
The conclusion is therefore: “less
costly is not always economical”
A quality evaluation can also be
made in addition to this cost eval-
uation. VACUPAC image quality
cannot be obtained with the stan-
dard cassette system.
S H E E T F I L M I N
D A R K R O O M
P A C K A G I N G
N I F
(NON INTERLEAVED FILMS)
This is the most economic way to
buy sheet film. The intrinsic film
quality is the same as that of
prepacked film. Sheets of film are
packed per 100 (except extremely
large sizes) in a paalpo bag inside
a cardboard box.
The paalpo bags allow for easy
film removal and re-closure.
F W
(FOLDER WRAPPED)
Each film is wrapped in a paper
folder to prevent handling faults in
the darkroom. The paper folders
can also be used to make it easy
to store the films and protect them
after processing. This form of
packaging is also a solution when
boxes remain in use for some time
after opening in areas with a high
relative humidity and temperature
as it prevents the films from stick-
ing together.
Sheets of film are packed per 100
in a sealed bag and placed in a
strong cardboard box.
25. 25
R O L L S I N
D A R K R O O M
P A C K A G I N G :
B L R
(BULK LOAD ROLL)
Packaging with bare film on a
cardboard core. This film can be
cut to any length and loaded with
or without lead screens in reload-
able cassettes, in the darkroom.
Available in a standard width of
70 mm and in lengths of 550 ft.
(167.75 m) and 1000 ft. (305 m).
T A I L O R M A D E
P A C K A G I N G
In addition to the aforementioned
standard products special orders
can also be made, such as non
standard sheet sizes, other forms
of packaging, e.g. Bi and Tri Packs.
For the special order procedure,
please contact your Agfa agent.
Bipack is an ETE daylight packag-
ing containing 2 films. The Tripack
contains 3 films in one envelope.
Combinations with lead screens
are possible. Bipacks can also be
supplied in DW Rollpac packaging.
26. OPTIMAL STORAGE OF STRUCTURIX FILMS
Handling and storage of X-ray film
is a very important aspect of the
radiographic process. Guidelines
are given in several international
standards e.g. ASTM E1254-98.
The recommendations for unex-
posed X-ray film are described in
the paragraphs below.
First of all, storage facilities for
unexposed X-ray films should pro-
vide adequate protection from any
penetrating radiation. If the films
are stored for longer than 3
months, background radiation may
not exceed 90 nGy/h (18 x 10-10
C/Kg/h). Films in containers sealed
by the manufacturer should be
stored with the films on edge,
whenever possible. Storage tem-
perature should be between 40°F
(4.4°C) and 75°F (23.8°C) at a rela-
tive humidity range of 30 to 60 %.
As higher temperatures accelerate
certain physicochemical processes
in the emulsion, STRUCTURIX
films should always be stored in a
cool place (within the above men-
tioned temperature range).
While films in opened packages
are also affected by humidity, it is
advisable to ensure that the rela-
tive humidity in the storage room
remains under 60 %.
It is also recommended that the
films are not stored in the immedi-
ate vicinity of X-ray chemicals.
If STRUCTURIX films are handled
and stored in accordance with the
directions given above, Agfa guar-
antees their good quality at least
until the expiry date on the box.
26
27. 27
S T R U C T U R I X
E Q U I P M E N T
The Agfa STRUCTURIX NDT sys-
tem consists of an innovative
assortment : films, equipment and
chemicals are perfectly geared to
one another. That is why the
STRUCTURIX processors are sup-
plied as a standard 100 secs.
immersion in each processing sec-
tion, with developer and fixer tem-
peratures controlled at 82.4°F
(28°C).
Together with STRUCTURIX films,
Agfa STRUCTURIX processors and
STRUCTURIX chemistry are widely
used in industrial radiography as a
total system. The satisfaction of
our customers is the best example
of the reliability and performance
of the STRUCTURIX equipment.
Several decades of experience and
know-how in equipment design
and construction are the basis.
Moreover all STRUCTURIX NDT
equipment comply with VDE, UL
and CSA safety regulations and are
EMC-compliant according to VDE.
All units are supplied with the GS
label and CE label as well as the
CE Declaration of Conformity and
are manufactured to ISO 9001.
These are extra proofs of our com-
mitment to quality and reliability.
28. 28
STRUCTURIX NDT Si
ECOLOGY AND ECONOMY
GO HAND IN HAND
Building on its years of experience,
Agfa now introduces the STRUC-
TURIX NDT Si film processor. The
NDT Si film processor forms the
basis of a NEW Structurix High
Capacity Film System that boasts a
revolutionary design and takes X-
ray film processing to the next level.
The STRUCTURIX NDT Si is a
leading-edge processor that brings
speed, operational flexibility,
money-saving innovations, and
environmentally friendly design
together in a single package.
Agfa is an industry leader in
processors that use a leading edge
"Cascade-Fixing" system.
Featuring a double-fixing tank, the
STRUCTURIX NDT Si generates
improved results, yet requires few
resources to achieve those results.
Comprised of Optimized Film,
industrial Chemistry, and a New
Processor, the High Capacity Film
System extracts the maximum in
economic and ecological benefits
by delivering:
• Higher processing "throughput"
(on the order of 20 percent)
when compared to its predeces-
sor, the NDT3
• A reduction of fixer replenish-
ment is possible. Check with
your local legislation require-
ments.
• Optimized archiving results
• Less handling of the products
• Dramatically lower silver level in
the waste water, representing a
reduction of 90 to 95 percent
• Fewer chemical waste resulting
in lower disposal cost
• Lower warehousing and handling
costs and less packaging waste
due to the need for fewer
chemicals
• Substantially lower costs for
energy and water usage
• At the same time, the Structurix
High Capacity Film System is
certified to the following
Industrial Film Systems
Classification Standards
(100 sec developer immersion
time, G 135, 82.4°F)
• EN 584-1
• ASTM E-1815
• ISO 11699-1
• JIS-K7627
High Capacity
The throughput or processing
rate, of the STRUCTURIX NDT Si
is designed to meet the needs of a
wide range of users, including
those with large film processing
demands and companies with
high production peaks. Set to an
eight-minute cycle, the NDT Si
boosts the processing speed to 20
inches of film per minute, or 70
films (size 14x17") per hour.
29. 29
A N E W
R E V O L U T I O N A R Y
T E C H N O L O G Y
" C A S C A D E F I X I N G "
Agfa’s new Cascade Fixing System
delivers consistently high-quality
images. What makes the system
special is that it delivers those
images at a higher throughput
rate, while reducing the environ-
mental impact. Thanks to a design
that features two successive fixing
tanks that are replenished on the
counter-flow principle, the
STRUCTURIX NDT Si significantly
reduces the silver residue present
in the waste water.
The exposed film is first developed
in the developer tank and then
rinsed in the intermediate-washing
tank. Intermediate washing
ensures that little of the developer
solution carries into the fixing
tanks, thus keeping the ‘fixer bath’
in optimum condition. At the same
time, the intermediate washing
process helps to prevent faults
from occurring on the film being
developed.
The operating method of
the Cascade Fixing System is
simple but effective.
The film is 100 percent fixed in
the first fixer tank and rinsed in
the second fixer tank. With fixer
replenishment being executed in
the second fixer tank, the concen-
tration of silver in that tank stays
low. As the silver carryover into the
water tank is minimal, waste water
from the STRUCTURIX NDT Si
processor readily complies with
stringent standards for silver
content.
Silver recovery is also optimized
by the STRUCTURIX NDT Si’s
design. The first fixer tank being
replenished by overflow from the
second fixer tank, nearly all of the
silver released in the fixing stage
ends up in the overflow from the
first tank, providing optimum sil-
ver recovery. This unique film pro-
cessing system ensures that the
amount of silver in the wash
water is up to 25 times lower than
found in conventional processing
systems.
Superior Image Quality
The STRUCTURIX NDT Si was
designed to satisfy applications
that demand the highest image
quality. Agfa’s innovative rack con-
struction and roller configurations
contribute significantly to the top-
of-the-line performance delivered
by the NDT Si. A "smart" micro-
processor embedded in the NDT Si
controls all process functions and
ensures superior film drying at an
even rate under all ambient condi-
tions. The STRUCTURIX NDT Si
offers maximum flexibility with
respect to drying rates and film
sizes, so that no matter which
option is selected it delivers the
same high-quality output.
Precise Replenishment
The design of the STRUCTURIX
NDT Si minimizes replenishment
demands thanks to a unique scan-
ning feature. Instead of relying
only on a measurement of film
length, the STRUCTURIX NDT Si
precisely maps the film surface
area by using 11 detection rollers,
assuring accurate minimum
replenishment usage.
1 2 2
3
D IW F1 F2 W
30. 30
mode the STRUCTURIX NDT Si’s
drive cycle activates its rollers for
short periods. This means that ener-
gy consumption is minimized and
the life of the processor maximized.
Processing Cycles
The NDT Si’s microprocessor also
features six pre-programmed pro-
cessing cycles that vary from 2.5
to 12 minutes. As with all Agfa
processors, standard cycles are
easily set. Once the desired cycle
time has been selected, the other
processing parameters – namely
temperature, dryer level, fixing
temperature, and replenishment
rate – are adjusted automatically
by the STRUCTURIX NDT Si’s
microprocessor.
Minimum Processing Costs
The more precise that control of
the replenishment process is, the
lower the consumption of process-
ing chemicals is, and thus the
lower costs are. One of the key
ways the STRUCTURIX NDT Si
achieves this low-cost profile is by
automatically switching to standby
mode once all films have left the
processor. Thus electricity is saved
and water conserved. Moreover,
the less water used for processing
(13l/m2
) the greater the environ-
mental benefits.
The design of the STRUCTURIX
NDT Si incorporates a low-energy
infrared drying technology.
Additionally, when in standby
1
2 3
7
8
9
7 7
4 5a 5b 10
11
14a
14b
12
15
13
6
16
7
Operating diagram:
1 Film feed table
a LCD display
b Menu selection
c Increase setting
d Decrease setting
2 Film area scanning
3 Developer tank
4 Intermediate wash tank
5a Fixer tank F1
5b Fixer tank F2
6 Final wash tank
7 Removable top rack parts
8 Distribution rollers
9 Infrared dryer
10 Film output
11 Film receiving tray
12 Replenishment pump for developer
13 Replenishment pump for fixer
14a On/off switch
14b Earth leakage circuit breaker (ELCB)
15 Three-way valves for draining
the machine tanks
16 Overheating protectors
for developer and fixer
Variable speed mode is another
proprietary feature of the
STRUCTURIX NDT Si. Along with
the standard cycle settings, the
NDT Si’s processing speed can also
be manually adjusted in 30-second
steps (2.5 - 12 min.). In addition
these settings can be locked and
protected by a password.
Reliable Electronics
The STRUCTURIXNDT Si’s high-
performance microprocessor is
durable, featuring the reliability
and security and ease of operation
for which Agfa products are
famous.
31. 31
User Comfort
Three-way drainage valves are a
new feature of the STRUCTURIX
NDT Si that makes it simple and
easy for photochemicals and clean-
ing chemicals to be diverted to the
correct collection tank or drain.
Ease of Maintenance
The STRUCTURIX NDT Si was
designed as the ultimate in ease-
of-maintenance systems. The top
sections of the NDT Si’s racks can
be easily removed for separate
cleaning, eliminating the need to
remove an entire rack from a
tank. While the film sensor rollers
on the feed tray require regular
cleaning, the STRUCTURIX NDT
Si’s design makes even this task a
breeze. The rollers can be readily
reached by removing the feed
tray. And to prevent growth of
algae, the wash water automati-
cally drains when the NDT Si is
switched off.
Clear Operating Panel
The operating panel provides clear
displays about all processing
parameters. Incremental controls
are available for the temperature
of both the dryer and developer.
Messages may be displayed in 12
languages.
Adjustable Film Receiving Tray
The film tray of the STRUCTURIX
NDT Si may be easily adjusted to
any sheet film size, welding for-
mats, and roll film of up to 16 ft
in length. Processed films are
always collected in the correct
order in the multifunctional output
tray.
Unique Daylight System
When combined with the
STRUCTURIX Feeder, the NDT Si
becomes a very practical daylight
processing system. The Feeder will
automatically follow the processing
speed of the NDT Si, even after
the processor’s speed is adjusted.
And when an NDT Si is used with-
out a feeder, an optional ‘light-
tight’ cover is available from Agfa.
In this configuration, once films
are positioned on the film feed
table the cover may be closed and
the darkroom illuminated.
32. 32
STRUCTURIX NDT U
U N I V E R S A L
R E L I A B I L I T Y
With the STRUCTURIX NDT U
you have at your disposal the
most universal processor from our
assortment. STRUCTURIX NDT U
combines simplicity, reliability and
universal use in one processor. It is
specially designed for customers
with medium sized quantities of
film.
The ease of use, the ease of main-
tenance and the fact that it is
usable for almost every application
are the main advantages of the
STRUCTURIX NDT U.
The high reliability of our proces-
sors and our years of practical
experience have led to the devel-
opment of this unique processor.
Reliable
The STRUCTURIX NDT U is a
dependable processor, no matter
where it is installed. Built with
solid components, the construction
uses only simple and modern tech-
niques.
Universal use
The STRUCTURIX NDT U is very
versatile: it processes sheet film as
well as roll film up to 5 metres.
The standard version of the NDT
U can easily be switched to an off-
shore version by using a longer
developer rack. This suits the spe-
cific off-shore conditions and satis-
fies the demands with regard to
processing time (90 sec.) and relia-
bility. Easy trouble shooting and
repair make this processor espe-
cially suitable for use on remote
sites. Moreover the built in devel-
oper cooler allows operation in
warm climats.
User-friendly
Thanks to the functional design
the processor operation is easy to
control. An audio and visual signal
indicates when the next film can
be fed into the processor.
The dryer level and the developer
temperature level can simply be
set in steps.
Perfect processing quality
The design of the STRUCTURIX
NDT U is based on the core tech-
nology used for STRUCTURIX
processors, which is why high film
quality can be guaranteed. Three
infrared drying units ensure uni-
form drying, in accordance with the
principle of direct heat absorption.
The fixer has its own heater ele-
ment which reduces the fixer
warm up time considerably. This
temperature control guarantees
the film archival quality.
Selectable processing cycles
Upon delivery the STRUCTURIX
NDT U is set at the cycle time of
8 minutes. An optional cycle time
from 1.5 to 12 min., can be set
quickly and simply by an approved
service technician.
Minimal running costs
During film processing only an
ecologically justified volume of
water per m2
of film being
processed is used. The consump-
tion of electricity is also particularly
low, due to the infrared drying sys-
tem, among other elements.
33. 33
Replenishment by area
Forward of the film feed slot 5
magnetic rollers accurately measure
the surface area of the film. This
unique film area scanning ensures a
more precise economic and ecolog-
ic replenishment operation than if
the film were only scanned length-
wise.
Low heat emission
The infrared drying system not
only guarantees the uniform dry-
ing of your films but also means
that a minimal amount of heat is
produced in the darkroom. So, a
pleasant working temperature is
maintained.
Adaptable film receiving tray
Depending on the kind of film
processed, the tray can be adjust-
ed for roll film or sheet film.
Automatic daylight feeding
The STRUCTURIX NDT U can easi-
ly be fitted with the STRUCTURIX
feeder. Just remove the feedtray
and connect the feeder in its place.
With the STRUCTURIX FEEDER
you can convert the STRUCTURIX
NDT U into a unique, practical
automatic daylight film feeding
system.
Feed tray cover (light tight)
The STRUCTURIX NDT U can easi-
ly be equiped with a light tight
feed tray cover.
Once the films are positioned on
the film feed table, the light tight
cover can be closed. From then on
the darkroom can be illuminated.
In addition, the feed tray cover
prevents the intrusion of dust.
Accessories
• Darkroom panel
• Feed tray cover (light tight)
• Replenishment tanks 2x8 gallons (30 l)
or 2x20 gallons (80 l)
• External speed control
• Feeder speed adaptor kit
Peripherals
• STRUCTURIX Feeder (50/60 Hz) with
Universal or Fliptop magazine
34. 34
Features
• Mainly electro-mechanical functions
• Processing cycle time:
choice between 5/6/7/8/9/10/11/12 min.
for off-shore applications
choice between 1.5/2.5 min.
• Lower liquid level in the processor tanks
• Double liquid overflow (on both sides of each processing tank)
• Extra floor closing plate and air filter
Advantages
• High functional reliability
• Not sensitive to voltage fluctuations (which can occur in an
industrial environment)
• Choice of development time while keeping the required image
quality
• Prevents the liquids from overflowing the tank
• Sufficient drainage with abnormal sea state on large movement
• Optimal protection from the intrusion of so-called off-shore dust
into the processor
Operating diagram:
1 Film feed table
2 Control panel
3 Film area scanning
4 Developer tank
5 Fixer tank
6 Wash tank
7 Removable upper racks
8 Infrared dryer
9 Film receiving tray
10 Processor drain
1
2
3 4 5 6
7 7 7
8
9
10
35. 35
STRUCTURIX NDT M eco
C O M P A C T A N D
E C O L O G I C A L
The STRUCTURIX NDT M eco
processor is the smaller version of
the NDT Si. This compact film
processor occupies a minimal
amount of space in your darkroom.
The STRUCTURIX NDT M eco is
versatile, in the laboratory or trans-
portable in a mobile site darkroom.
It processes sheet film as well as
roll film up to 16”(5 metres).
Specially designed for consumers
of small and medium sized quanti-
ties of film. The ease of use and
the problem free maintenance
make the STRUCTURIX NDT M
eco an extremely user-friendly and
reliable processor.
Ecological design
The STRUCTURIX NDT M eco also
lives up to expectations ecologically
with:
• the economical consumption of
water and electricity
• the infrared drying which reduces
the amount of heat produced in
the darkroorn to a minimum
• the optimal replenishment system
as a result of film surface scanning
• the intermediate washing system
which ensures that there is hardly
any carry-over of developer into
the fixing tanks, thus keeping the
fixer bath in optimum condition.
This system also prevents develop-
ment faults occuring on the film.
Exact replenishment
Forward of the film feed slot, 5
magnetic rollers accurately meas-
ure the surface area of the film.
This unique film area scanning
ensures a precise economic and
ecologic replenishment operation.
Cascade fixing
The cascade fixing system is an
entirely new concept for processing
X-ray films. The STRUCTURIX
NDT M eco processor is built with
two successive fixing tanks replen-
ished on the counterflow principle.
The result is nothing less than revo-
lutionary in terms of the amount of
silver in the wash water.
The cascade fixing principle is basi-
cally very simple: the exposed film
is first developed in the developer
tank and then washed in the inter-
mediate wash tank.
The film is then 100% fixed in the
first fixer tank and rinsed in the sec-
ond fixer tank. Since fixer replenish-
ment is carried out in the second
fixer tank, the concentration of sil-
ver in this tank remains very low.
There is also very little carry-over of
silver into the water tank, so that
the waste water complies with the
most stringent standards.
This unique film processing system
ensures that the amount of silver in
the wash water is up to 25 times
lower than found in conventional
processing systems.
36. 36
Low heat emission
The infrared drying system ensures
uniform drying of your films and
keeps heat accumulation in the
darkroom to a minimum.
As a result, a convenient working
temperature is maintained.
User information
The display shows information on
the process, such as actual devel-
oping temperature. The dryer level
can be set incrementally.
7 8
9
1 2
3 4 5a 5b 6
10 Operating diagram:
1 Film feed table
2 Film area scanning
3 Developer tank
4 Intermediate wash area
5a Fixer tank F1
5b Fixer tank F2
6 Final wash tank
7 Infrared dryer
8 Film output
9 Film receiving tray
10 Overheating protectors for developer and fixer
Minimal running costs
The accurate replenishment, as
described above, implies low
chemical consumption.
In addition, during film processing
only an ecologically justified
volume of water is used and the
consumption of electricity is
particularly low due to the infrared
drying system.
Accessories
• Feed tray cover (light tight)
• Support
• Replenishment tanks of 8 gallons
(30 litres)
• Darkroom panel
37. 37
STRUCTURIX FEEDER
A U T O M A T I C F I L M
F E E D I N G A N D
D A Y L I G H T S Y S T E M S
The STRUCTURIX FEEDER con-
verts the STRUCTURIX processors
NDT Si and NDT U into a unique
and practical daylight system. At
the press of a button you can feed
in 240 films fully automatically!
With the STRUCTURIX FEEDER
you can save even more time and
expense in the darkroom.
Complete daylight system
The STRUCTURIX FEEDER feeds
film into the processor in the day-
light thus keeping work in the
darkroom to an absolute mini-
mum.
Timesaving
The compact STRUCTURIX FEED-
ER feeds the exposed films into
the processor fully automatically.
User-friendly
Thanks to the unique portable film
magazine the films, grouped per
film size per project and per work
piece, can be loaded easily in any
darkroom. The film magazine acts
as a perfect miniature darkroom
so that all further activities can
take place in daylight, including
automatic film feeding into the
processor.
Multiple film sizes
All film sizes from 2.4" to 17"
(6 to 43 cm) wide and from 4.7"
to 19" (12 to 48 cm) long can be
accommodated.
The handy film magazine, in which
up to 4 film lanes can be set up,
makes the STRUCTURIX FEEDER
ideal for processing films of welds.
Up to 240 films per magazine
(60 films/4 lanes max. width 3.9")
can be loaded!
Reliable
When the FEEDER is switched on
it carries out a self-diagnosis.
When in operation built in elec-
tronic checking functions guaran-
tee high reliability. In this way, for
example, a double film is detected,
returned and fed in again
separately without any interven-
tion from the user.
Simple installation
Because of its light weight, the
STRUCTURIX FEEDER can be
mounted on (or removed from) the
STRUCTURIX processors NDT Si
and NDT U quickly and easily.
Dimensions
without with film
film magazine magazine
Length* 12.5"/15.6” 24,8"/29.5”
32/42 cm 63/75 cm
Width 21” 21”
53.5 cm 53.5 cm
Height 10.8” 10.8”
27.4 cm 27.4 cm
* depending on the feeder type
Weight
Feeder: 48.5 lbs.(22 kg)
Feeder with
film magazine: 55 lbs.(25 kg)
Power Supply
110 V-240 V, 50/60 Hz
Separate mains connection.
38. 38
Choice between
two magazines
The STRUCTURIX FEEDER is sup-
plied without a magazine. You
now have the choice between two
types of magazine: the Universal
or the Fliptop. Which one you
prefer will depend on the type of
work performed and the formats
of the films to be processed.
The unloading procedure is similar
for both magazines for daylight
handling.
Universal magazine Fliptop magazine
Film sizes: min. 2.3” x 4.7” (6 x 12 cm) 2.3” x 4.7” (6 x 12 cm)*
max. 17” x 19” (43 x 48 cm) 17” x 19” (43 x 48 cm)
(*) from 7” (18 cm) length on,
loading without removing the
magazine
Loading capacity: 60 films/stack 60 films/stack
max. 4 lanes max. 4 lanes
Priority film loading: possible easy
time consuming fast
Use: • decentralized loading • loading on the feeder
• transportable • non transportable
• on-site work • in-house work
(inspection companies) (manufacturing companies)
The Fliptop magazine can remain
in the FEEDER when loading the
films, avoiding the repeated
manipulation of the magazine.
This prevents wear and tear of
equipment and facilitates the task
of the operator.
The Universal magazine can be
opened completely so that it can
easily be set up for different film
sizes, even the smallest ones. Once
the films are loaded in the maga-
zine, it acts as a light tight
container.
39. 39
STRUCTURIX DRYER
F A S T A N D
E F F I C I E N T F I L M
D R Y I N G
The STRUCTURIX DRYER is very
useful for NDT stations without
automatic processors. The STRUC-
TURIX DR is a very reliable, practi-
cal unit that will dry your films
quickly and without problems. The
DRYER is inexpensive and eco-
nomical to run.
Compared with the conventional
drying cabinet, the STRUCTURIX
DRYER offers the following advan-
tages: the films dry more rapidly;
the unit is compact and easy to
move; drying starts at once with
no warm-up required; the heat
output is low, helping your dark-
room to stay cool.
Easy-to-operate
Simply insert the thoroughly
washed X-ray film into the DRYER
and after a few minutes the dry
film will emerge. It is important to
use a fixer with hardener, such as
STRUCTURIX G 335. The STRUC-
TURIX DRYER is provided with a
wash tank for the film to pass
through prior to drying.
The film passes through the wash-
ing tank, then into the drying sec-
tion. Most water is removed from
the film by means of squeegee
rollers prior to the drying section.
In the drying section, the film is
hot air dried from both sides and is
then fed into the adjustable collec-
tion tray.
Excellent results
The STRUCTURIX DRYER guaran-
tees fast and even drying of X-ray
films. It produces excellent results,
especially when G 335 fixer is
used.
Technical specifications
Dimensions
Length: 23.6” (60 cm)
with extended
receiving tray: 32.7” (83 cm)
Width: 24.8” (63 cm)
Height: 13.8” (35 cm)
with bottle: 17.9” (45.5 cm)
Weight: 53 lbs. (24 kg)
Electrical
connection: 220-240 V/50/60 Hz
(fuse 10 A)
Power: max. 1600 W
(USA model: 120 V / 60 Hz)
Recommended
speed level: level 1
Recommended
dryer level: level 5
40. 40
Technical specifications STRUCTURIX NDT Processors
Table below shows standard values (modifications possible)
NDT Si NDT U NDT M eco
Preprogrammed Cycles 6 1 1
Optional Cycles min. 2.5 upto 12 3 upto 12 3 up to 12
(steps of 30 sec.) (steps of 1 min.) (steps of 1 min.)
OS-cycles : 1.5/2/2.5
Standard Processing Cycle min. 8 8 8
Immersion time D/F1/F2/W sec. 100/100/67/67 100/100/-/100 100/100/72/72
Capacity film/hour (8 min. cycle)
3.5 X 17 in. (4 films side by side) 280 106 92
14 X 17 in. 70 34 30
Transport speed cm/min. 51 23 20
Film sizes Format min in. 23/8
x53/4
23/8
x53/4
23/8
x53/4
Width min in. 1.3 1.3 1.3
max in. 17 17 17
Length min in. 5 5 5
max (1.3” wide) ft. 16 16 6
with (≥2.3 ” wide) ft. 16 16 16
Rollfilm curl O
/ in. >12 >12 >12
Tank capacities
Developer tank gallons 9.8 (37 l) 6.3 (24 l) 2.6 (10 l)
Fixing tank (F1/F2) gallons 9.8/7.1 (37/27 l) 5.3 (20 l) 2.6/2.3 (10/9 l)
Final wash tank gallons 7.1 (27 l) 5.3 (20 l) 2.3 (9 l)
Standard Consumption
Developer ml/m2
900 900 900
Fixer ml/m2
1200 1200 1200
Water litre/m2
13 13 13
Chemistry developer G 135 + G 135s G 135 + G 135s G 135 + G 135s
fixer G 335 G 335 G 335
Dimensions Length in. 63.7 (162 cm) 47.2 (120 cm) 57 (145 cm)
bottom in. 43.7 (111 cm) 28.7 (73 cm) 33.8 (86 cm)
Width in. 27.9 (71 cm) 26.7 (68 cm) 25.9 (66 cm)
Height in. 48.5 (123 cm) 41.3 (105 cm) 23.6 (60 cm)
Surface on floor sqf. 8.5 5.3 6
Weight Empty lb. 657 (298 kg) 385 (175 kg) 257 (117 kg)
With chemicals lb. 939 (426 kg) 551 (250 kg) 352 (160 kg)
Power supply Ampère 16 16 12
Hertz 50 / 60 50 / 60 50 / 60
Volt 208 / 230-240 200 / 240 100/120/200/208/230-240
41. 41
STRUCTURIX chemicals are
designed to obtain the best pro-
cessing quality with STRUCTURIX
X-ray films. Together with the films
and processors they form part of
the dedicated Agfa NDT systems.
Handy packaging
Agfa has introduced shipping car-
tons for its products, made from
60% recycled materials. The card-
board shipping cartons are user-
friendly: each carton has two han-
dles which make it easier to trans-
port. In addition, all boxes are
color coded with colored adhesive
tape so that the content can easily
be identified. Red is used for boxes
containing developer, blue is the
color for boxes containing fixer,
brown is used for all the other
chemicals.
Recyclable bottles
The STRUCTURIX NDT chemicals
are supplied in containers made
from clear polyethylene. The labels
on the containers are made of
clear polyethlylene.
Safety seal
The concentrate bottles are fitted
with a safety seal. This seal is
welded to the bottle during pro-
duction to form a perfect air-tight
seal. When you remove the screw
cap, a skin of polyethylene remains
on the neck of the bottle. That's
why a bottle can be placed upside
down on a mixer.
"exp. date"
Agfa also introduced an indication
for the shelf life of the STRUC-
TURIX NDT chemicals. The
'exp.date' mentioning the year
and the month of expiry, can be
found on all the STRUCTURIX
NDT shipping cartons as well as on
the concentrate bottles.
Safety measures
Consult the Material Safety Data
Sheets (MSDS) for information on
safety, health and environmental
aspects of the chemicals. Follow
the safety instructions. Follow the
user instructions on the bottles.
Make sure there is adequate air
exchange in the preparation room
in order to prevent too high con-
centration of chemical fumes
building up.
An air exchange of 10 times the
room volume per hour is required.
Consult your local Agfa represen-
tative if in doubt.
S T R U C T U R I X
C H E M I C A L S
42. 42
MANUAL
PROCESSING
• STRUCTURIX G 128 developer
• STRUCTURIX G 335 fixer
S T R U C T U R I X
G 1 2 8 D E V E L O P E R
Developer for the manual process-
ing of industrial X-ray fils. G 128 is
a one-part bath and is available in a
quantity of 4x1 gal. (4 x 3.78 litres)
concentrate and will make a total
of 20 gallons working solution.
S T R U C T U R I X
G 3 3 5 F I X E R
STRUCTURIX G 335 Fixer can be
used for manual processing appli-
cations. G 335 fixer is a 2 part
(5 Qt + 32 oz bottle) concentrate
and will make 5 gallons of ready
to use fixer. G 335 fixer is pack-
aged in 2 x 5 Qiuart quantities to
produce 10 gallons of working
solution.
• STRUCTURIX G 135 developer
• STRUCTURIX G 135 starter
• STRUCTURIX G 335 fixer
S T R U C T U R I X
G 1 3 5 D E V E L O P E R
Developer for the automatic pro-
cessing of industrial X-ray films.
G 135 consists of three parts (A, B,
and C) which must always be used
together. G 135 is available in a
quantity of 2 x 5 qt. Part A con-
centrate (4.73 litres), 2 x 8 oz.
(236.5 ml) part B concentrate and
2 x 16 oz. (473 ml) part C concen-
trate will make 10 gallon working
solution. One A, one B and one C
will make 5 gallons of working
solution.
The G 135 S starter solution is
supplied separately in bottles of 32
oz. (946 mal). When making up
the developer, 3 oz. (90 ml) starter
solution per 1 gal. (3.8 litres)
working solution is added.
This developer is very stable, both
in the concentrated and the ready-
to-use form, thanks to efficient
protection form oxidation.
S T R U C T U R I X
G 3 3 5 F I X E R
STRUCTURIX G 335 Fixer can be
used for automatic processing
applications. G 335 fixer is a 2 part
(5 Qt + 32 oz bottle) concentrate
and will make 5 gallons of ready-
to-use fixer. G 335 fixer is pack-
aged in 2 x 5 Quart quantities to
produce 10 gallons of working
solution.
S T R U C T U R I X
D E V C L E A N
DEVCLEAN is a highly efficient,
two-part maintenance product for
the thorough cleaning of the
developing area of both processors
and tanks along with the acces-
sories used for manual develop-
ment. Silver deposits and sludge on
all parts are dissolved effortlessly,
completely and rapidly.
5+5 litres (part A/B) are diluted to
make 30 litres of ready to use
solution.
S T R U C T U R I X
F I X C L E A N
AGFA offers its own liquid cleaning
product for regular maintenance of
fixer and wash water areas in
processors and chemistry mixers:
FIXCLEAN. This cleaning com-
pound is based on sodium hydrox-
ide. It is not only highly efficient,
but it does not contain any chlo-
rine based substances, so that the
rinsing water can normally be
drained as waste water.
5 litres of FIXCLEAN are diluted to
make 50 litres of ready to use
solution.
AUTOMATIC
PROCESSING
CLEANING
PRODUCTS
43. 43
During the 1980’s there was a
growing awareness of the need to
“value and manage” QUALITY of
products and services. Companies
installed Quality Systems to control
all the activities of their organiza-
tion. QA manuals and programs
were written. Suppliers were audi-
ted to assure conformity of incom-
ing products and parts. The ISO
9000 standards were developed to
provide uniform, worldwide quality
assurance requirements. The
European Union adopted these
standards as part of their modular
approach to “conformity assess-
ment” procedures, for several
product categories. This includes
the development of standards
(specifications), which define what
the purchaser wants and what the
supplier agrees to provide, as well
as quality system registration (cer-
tification) which increases confi-
dence in the supplier’s ability to
produce consistent quality.
Compliance with the ISO 9001
Quality Management System
demonstrates Agfa’s goal of con-
tinuously striving for the highest
product quality.
The quality requirements are typi-
cally most rigorous for regulated
products that have a major impact
on health and safety i.e. film radio-
graphic systems. This is the main
reason for making available the
necessary QC tools in film radio-
graphy to comply with QA specifi-
cations and guarantee the required
consistent performance. These
tools can only give satisfying sup-
port if they are dedicated, easy to
use, precise and cost effective at
the user’s level.
Standard for Control of film
processing by means of refer-
ence values
ASTM E94 states: “To produce a
satisfactory radiograph, the care
used in making the exposure must
be followed by equal care in pro-
cessing. The most careful radi-
ographic techniques can be nulli-
fied by incorrect or improper dark-
room procedures.”
Therefore EN 584 and ISO 11699
consist of two parts. EN 584-2 and
ISO 11699-2 describe how the
user should control his processing
system. For instance, to guarantee
the designed film system perform-
ance, calibrated pre-exposed strips
provided by the film manufacturer,
have to be used.
Agfa has designed a set of practi-
cal, dedicated tools for the
radiographer to control and to
prove compliance of his entire
system.
S T R U C T U R I X Q U A L I T Y
A S S U R A N C E
44. 44
STRUCTURIX CERTIFIED PMC STRIP (Processing Monitoring Control)
The STRUCTURIX Certified PMC
strip is a handy, fast and reliable
tool for monitoring the quality of
the film processing system, and to
prove compliance with existing
standards on systems classifica-
tions.
X-ray pre-exposed film strips
These X-ray pre-exposed film strips
are produced under Agfa’s Quality
Management System (Q.M.S) con-
ditions according to ISO 9001.
Contents
Every STRUCTURIX Certified PMC
pack contains:
• 25 X-ray exposed, undeveloped
PMC strips in individual daylight
packaging. Each strip bears a
unique serial (ID) number, even
after processing.
• PMC chart to record test results.
• Instructions for use.
• Certificate EN 584-2 for compli-
ance and ISO 11699-2.
Purposes
The purpose of these PMC strips
are:
• to demonstrate conformity with
the certified Agfa STRUCTURIX
standard film system, as laid
down in European standard EN
584 part 2 and ISO 11699-2
• to monitor the performance of
the STRUCTURIX processing sys-
tem, in order to guarantee con-
sistent high quality
• to enable early corrective actions
to be taken in case of deviations
Example of Agfa’s pre-exposed PMC-strip
with reference to EN 584-2 and ISO 11699-2
speed index Sr : average value of
net densities of step X
contrast index Cr :
positive difference of the average
densities of step X and X + 4
STRUCTURIX PMC STRIPS without
certificate that can be used to
monitor the performance of the
STRUCTURIX processing system
in order to guarantee consistent
quality.
Every STRUCTURIX PMC pack
contains:
• 50 X-ray exposed, undeveloped
PMC strips in individual daylight
packaging.
• PMC chart to record test results.
• Instructions for use.
X
X
+
4
Reference
contrast step
contrast
Reference
speed step
THIO-TEST
FOG+BASE
STRUCTURIX CERTIFIED PMC
STRIPS according to EN 584-2 and
ISO 11699-2.
45. STRUCTURIX CERTIFIED DENSTEP
The STRUCTURIX CERTIFIED
DENSTEP is a density step wedge
film to verify the calibration of
optical transmission densitometers
used in the NDT X-ray field.
Each STRUCTURIX CERTIFIED
DENSTEP is :
• packed in a light-tight water-
proof package to guarantee a
shelf life of at least 4 years
• a calibration certificate
• and a copy of the NIST certifi-
cate S.R.M. 1001
The density values reported, cross
referenced by serial number to the
certificate, are traceable to NIST
(the United States National
Institute of Standards and
Technology) through traceable cal-
ibrations of the instrumentation
and procedures in accordance
with our ISO 9001 approved
QA system.
45
46. STRUCTURIX THIO-TEST
Archivability check
Finally the archivability of the
processed film is evaluated by
measuring the residual thiosul-
phate in the emulsion layers.
The Agfa STRUCTURIX Thio-Test
provides the means for performing
the control of fixing and washing
as described in EN 584-2 and
ISO 11699-2.
The STRUCTURIX Thio-Test kit
consists of :
• the Thio-Test Color Stepwedge
with 4 steps, which relate to the
archivability expressed in number
of years.
• one dropper bottle of Thio-Test
reagent, of 35 ml (about 1.000
drops)
The Agfa Thio-Test correlates also
perfectly with other international
standards (ISO/ANSI) for deter-
mining the archival quality of
industrial X-ray film.
It is a quick and simple method to
determine the ”Life Expectancy”
of processed films and warns of
poorly fixed and/or washed films.
46
47. ISO 9001 QUALITY LABELS FOR AGFA NDT
ISO seems to have become a con-
stant theme. And justifiably so -
we always maintained that obtain-
ing an ISO certificate was only the
beginning.
Agfa was the first radiographic film
manufacturer to achieve ISO certi-
fication for its STRUCTURIX films
in 1990. Since then we have come
a long way.
We can now proudly say that the
entire STRUCTURIX system - films,
equipment and chemistry - is pro-
duced with a Quality Management
System approved to ISO 9000.
That’s your guarantee of the high
consistency of the Agfa STRUC-
TURIX products.
47
48. For the first time ever, a harmo-
nized model for the classification
of film systems has been intro-
duced worldwide. The objective
parameters identifying film system
performance for ISO, CEN, ASTM
or JIS utilize the same fundamental
criteria. This will make film radio-
graphy totally ready for the global
requirements placed on it into the
future!
Through the set of proposed or
official standards in combination
with the classification certificates,
radiographic users are able to cer-
tify that they use classified film
systems with a guaranteed intrinsic
minimum imaging performance.
Thus the control of film processing
will produce the expected opti-
mum film performance in every
day practice.
CONCLUSION
Quality Assurance and control of
the radiographic film system are
part of the total Quality
Management. Each step in the
chain must be maintained to arrive
at the final goal QUALITY.
48
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Agfa NDT
close to you
AgfaNDT.com
52. Agfa NDT Inc.
50 Industrial Park Road
Lewistown, Pa. 17044
U.S.A.
Phone: 866 AGFA NDT
(866 243-2638)
www.AgfaNDT.com
The information in this brochure is given by Agfa in
good faith and reflects the latest situation.
Agfa reserves the right to make changes
without prior notification.
ROLLPAC, STRUCTURIX and VACUPAC are trademarks
of Agfa-Gevaert N.V., Belgium.
AGFA and the Agfa-Rhombus are trademarks
of Agfa-Gevaert AG, Germany.
Printed in Belgium
Published by Agfa-Gevaert N.V., B-2640 Mortsel-Belgium
NETTC USA 01 2002/09
AgfaNDT.com
