CANES AND ITS TYPES

2. GAIT TRAINING
Mobility aids or assistive
devices
PREPARED BY:
DR RAB NAWAZ
DPT(KMU), PN(AIOU)
LECTURER SIAHS (SUIT)

3. LEARNING OBJECTIVE
 WHAT ARE WALKING AIDS?
 REASONS TO PRESCRIBE ASSISTIVE DEVICES
 CANE
 TYPES OF CANES
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DIFERENT CANES
 MEASUREMENT OF CANE
 GAIT
 GAIT PATTERN FOR USE OF CANES

4. Walking aids
• Number of aids available to assist people who have difficulty in walking hence improve
mobility of peoples with mobility impairments
• They cant walk independently with out one
• Stick / canes
• parallel bar
• Crutches
• Frames
• Wheelchairs and scooters
• Stair lifts and similar devices
• Braces
• Splints
• Technical advances can be expected to increase the scope of these devices considerably, for
example by use of sensors and audio or tactile feedback

5. Reasons to prescribe assistive device
• Balance problem
• Pain
• Fatigue
• Weakness
• Joint instability
• Excessive skeletal loading
• Cosmesis
• Wt bearing fully or partially on LE
• unloading occurs by transmission of force from the UEs to the floor by
downward pressure on the assistive device.

6. Canes
Widen BOS and improve balance
Canes are not intended for use with restricted weight
bearing gaits non- or partial-weighlbearing.
Contra lateral positioning is important in reducing forces
created by the abductor muscle

7. Canes
• prevents tilting of pelvis on contra lateral
• Use of a cane in UE opposite affected hip will
reduce these forces
• downward pressure of body
• Weight on cane counter balances gravitational
movement at affected hip
• Tension In abductor muscle reduced. with dec in
jt compressive forces

8. TYPES OF CANES

9. Standard cane
• Regular conventional cane
• Aluminum Or wood or plastic
• Half circle crook handle
• Rubber tip distally 1 in. in diameter
• Advantages
• Inexpensive
• Fit easily in stairs or any surface
• Disadvantages
• Not adjustable,
• Point of support anterior to hand not directly
beneath it

10. Standard adjustable aluminum Cane
• Aluminum
• Half circle handle with molded plastic covering
• Height adjusted using push button
• Available height range27 to38.5 in(68 to98cm)
• Advantages
• Quickly adjustable height
• Light weight
• Fit easily on stair
• Disadvantage
• Point of support anterior to hand not directly
beneath it
• Costly then standard cane

11. Adjustable Aluminum Offset Cane
• proximal component of body (shaft) of this cane is
offset anteriorly creating a straight (or offset) handle.
• made of aluminum tubing with a plastic or rubber
molded grip-shaped handle
• design allow height to be adjusted (27 to 38.5 In. by
a push-button
• Distal rubber tip 1 inch

12. Adjustable Aluminum Offset Cane
• Advantages
• The design of this cane allows pressure to be borne over the center of
the cane for greater stability.
• This cane also is quickly adjusted. lightweight. and fits easily on stairs.
• Disadvantage
• This cane is more costly than standard or adjustable aluminum canes.

13. Quad(Quadruped Four-Prong cane)
Aluminum and aluminum tubing is available in a variety of
designs
Both large-based quad canes (LBQC) and small -based
quad canes (SBQC) are commercially available
they provide a broad base with four points of floor
contact.
Each point (leg) is covered with a rubber tip.
The legs closest to the patient's body are generally
shorter and may be angled to allow foot clearance.
May proximal portion of is offset anteriorly. The hand
piece is usually contoured plastic grips.
allows for height adjustments 28 10 38 in. 71to91cm

14. Quad (Quadruped or Four-Prong Cane)

15. • Advantages
• Broad base support, Base of different sizes
• Easily adjustable
• Disadvantage
press exerted by the patient's hand may not be centered over
cane and may result in patient complaints of instability.
Broad BOS not use on stairs
Slower gait pattern
If faster forward progression is used. cane often "rocks" from
rear legs to front legs.
Patients should instructed to place all four legs of cane on the
floor obtain maximal stability.

16. WALK CANE OR HEMI CANE
• aluminum and aluminum tubing
• broad base with four Points of flour contact.
• point (leg) is covered with a rubber tip.
• legs farther from patient's
• body are angled to maintain floor contact
and to improve stability.
• handgrip is molded plastic around
• Walk Canes fold flat and are adjustable in
height from 29to37in. 73to94cm

17. Walk cane
• Advantages
• Broad BOS , more stable then quad
• Can fold flat for travel or storage
• Disadvantage
• handgrip placement may not
• allow pressure to be centered over cane.
• Walk canes cannot be used on most stairs.
• require use of a slow forward progression
• More costly than quad canes.

18. Rolling cane
• aluminum and aluminum tubing
• provides a wide wheel base allowing un interrupted
forward progression.
• Contoured handholds.
• easy height adjustment 28 to37in.(71to94 cm)
• pressure-sensitive brake built into handle
• engaged using pressure from base of the band

19. • Advantages
• wheeled base allows weight to be continuously applied
as the need to lift and place the cane forward is
eliminated.
• provides for a faster forward progression .
• second and third handles placed between the uprights
can assist in rising to standing (brake engaged).
• Disadvantage
• Costly then quad
• Require UE grip strength for breaking
• Not suitable for pt propulsive gait pattern(parkinsonism)

20. Hand grip
• General hand grip for all canes
• Crook hand grip
• Straight( or off set) hand grip
• Shovel hand grip
• Pistol hand grip
• Other several hand grip style

21. Measuring cane
• Cane or center of broad based cane placed approximately 6 in.
from the lateral border of the toe.
• landmarks typically are used greater Trochanter and angle at
Elbow 20 to 30 degree
• top of the cane should come to approximate level of the greater
trochanter.

22. Measuring Canes
 Put on the user's walking shoes.
 Have the user stand naturally upright as much as
possible.
 Have their arms fall to the sides naturally with a
normal relaxed bend at the elbow. ( ...
Using a tape measure, measure the distance from
their wrist joint (bottom crease at the wrist) down to
the floor.

23. Human gait may be define as “ the translatory progression
of the human body as a whole, produced by coordinated,
rotatory movements of the body segments” is known as
gait or human locomotion.

24. Gait Pattern for the Use of Canes
• Cane close to body
• Too far need trunk to
bend laterally or
forward

25. When bilateral involment exist decision must be made as to
which side of the body the cane will be held
• On which side cane most comfortable
• Is one placement superior In term of improving balance or
ambulatory endurance
• If gait deviation exist is one position more effective
• Safty influence by cane placement( during transfer stairs
outdoor surfaces etc)
• Is difference in grip strength
• Are two cane needed for stability