12. Any set of information or
data collected for study
should be organized and
analyzed systematically for
easier and faster
interpretation.
13. To do this, collected data may be presented
in any of the following forms:
1. The textual forms are used
when data to be presented
are few.
2. The tabular and graphical
forms are used when more
detailed information is to be
presented.
14.
15.
16. The data shows that Mathematics has the lowest results
for Q1 preferably Math 8, the introduction of higher
Mathematics for G9 and G10 to be taught in detailed way of
learning among learners.
17.
18. a. Data is presented in a more
practical and convenient way.
Instead of writing text on the
information gathered, items
can be enumerated in tabular
form or shown in graphical
form.
19. b. Data can be compared
more easily. Recording
tables and graphs can be
done more easily because
the needed information
can be seen at a glance
20. c. Data can be analyzed
comparatively. Tables and
graphs enable a thorough
analysis of data because all
needed information is clearly
known.
21. In recording we need the
following skills:
1. Accuracy
2. Precision
3. Data Gathering Skills
22. The measurement of any physical quantity is
always subject to some degree of
uncertainty. There are several reasons for
this: the limitation inherent in the
construction of the measuring instrument or
device, the conditions under which the
measurement is made and the different ways
in which the person uses or reads the
instrument. One way to express the
uncertainty of a measurement is in terms of
accuracy.
23. Accuracy refers to the closeness of a
measurement to the accepted value for
a specific physical quantity. It is
expressed as either an absolute or a
relative error. Absolute error is the
actual difference between the measured
value and the accepted value.
24. Relative error is expressed as a
percentage and is often called
percentage error. It is calculated as:
Er – Ea
_____ X 100
A
Er - relative error
Ea – absolute error
A - accepted value
25. For example, if you collect data to measure
the temperature of a climate and find the
average to be 95.3 degrees, while the
accepted value is 96.8 degrees, the percent
error of your data would be 1.5%. This means
you've produced results within 1.5% accuracy
of the accepted value. Here's what the
formula looks like for this example:
27. In common usage accuracy and precision
are often used synonymously. But in
science it is important to make a
distinction between them. You should
learn to use the two terms correctly and
consistently.
Precision is the agreement among several
measurements that have been made in the
same way. It tells how reproducible are
the measurements used and whether they
are expressed in terms of deviation.
28. The precision of your laboratory
measurements will be governed by the
instruments at your disposal. In a
measuring instrument, the degree of
precision obtainable is called the tolerance
of the device.
Any figure listed for the tolerance of an
instrument indicates the limitations of the
instrument. The instrument maker
assumes that the instrument is used
properly and that human errors are held
to a minimum.
29.
30. When you want to know whether several
boxes of preserving bottles are free
from defects, it would be time
consuming to examine all of them piece
by piece.
How can you facilitate the quality test?
You can do this by examining a few
samples from each box. This process is
called sampling and the defined set of
that is a sample is called population.
31. EXAMPLE:
When a housewife buys a cavan of rice,
she examines only a handful of rice
from the cavan to find out whether it is
of good quality or not.
The handful of rice is called samples.
The cavan of rice from which samples
here taken is called population.
32.
33.
34. It’s nice to show that you really
established yourselves with your special
skills, but try to remember that you
need to practice them daily and use it
in your every day lives. So in this
module try to analyze all that is given
and develop all the learning and
understanding needed so that when
you come across these needs it will be
easy for you to decide on what are you
going to do
35. 1. It is presented in a more
practical and convenient
way.
36. 2. It is expressed as either
an absolute or a relative
error.
37. 3.
Relative error is expressed as a
percentage and is often called percentage
error. It is calculated as:
Er – Ea
_____ X 100
A
Er - relative error
Ea – absolute error
A - ?
