Module 1 SLP 1 I collected the data on the time it takes to cook meals each day. I have collected the data for 10 consecutive days. The independent variable in this study is the number ofday and the dependent variable is the meal cooking time. Each day, I would take the reading twice; once in the morning while we cook our lunch and once in the afternoon while we (myself and my wife) cook our dinner. We shall use a stopwatch to note the times. We shall start the stopwatch at the moment we start cooking the meals and stop it the moment when we finish cooking. Each time we shall note the reading in the stopwatch. At the end of the day, we shall add up the times that we have altogether spent cooking on that particular day. This will be our data for a single day. We shall continue this process for 10 consecutive days. At the end of the experiment, we shall have 10 observations or data points. The time spent to cook meals each day can be considered as an independent event as the time spent to cook meals on a particular day is, in general, not affected by the time spent in cooking meals on some other day. We expect the data to be normally distributed with a mean and standard deviation of meal cooking times. As with normal distributions, we expect the distribution to resemble a bell-shaped curve. Arrival of guests in the house can significantly increase the meal cooking times and this can impart positive skewness in the data distribution. Likewise, eating outs during the weekends can significantly decrease the meal cooking times and this can impart negative skewness in the data distribution. At the end of the experiment, we shall be able to calculate the experimental probability of spending a particular time in cooking meals on a day. We need to increase the number of days from 10 to about 30 to 35 in order for the data to provide a valid representation of the time spent in cooking meals on a day. This is because 10 data points makes too small a sample size for any valid representation. We need to increase this sample size or the number of days of collecting the data, in order to make any valid inference based on the results of the experiment. The assignment is to collect quantitative data for a minimum of 10 days from ONE of your daily activities. Some examples of data collection include: · The number of minutes you spend studying every day. · The time it takes to cook meals each day. · The amount of daily time spent talking on the phone. · The amount of time you drive each day. In a paper (1–3 pages), describe the data you are going to collect and how you are going to keep track of the time. Within the paper, incorporate the concepts we are learning in the module including (but not limited to) probability theory, independent and dependent variables, and theoretical and experimental probability. Discuss your predictions of what you anticipate the data to look like and events that can skew the data. Collect data for at least 10 days. ...

1. Module 1 SLP 1
I collected the data on the time it takes to cook meals each day.
I have collected the data for 10 consecutive days. The
independent variable in this study is the number ofday and the
dependent variable is the meal cooking time. Each day, I would
take the reading twice; once in the morning while we cook our
lunch and once in the afternoon while we (myself and my wife)
cook our dinner. We shall use a stopwatch to note the times. We
shall start the stopwatch at the moment we start cooking the
meals and stop it the moment when we finish cooking. Each
time we shall note the reading in the stopwatch. At the end of
the day, we shall add up the times that we have altogether spent
cooking on that particular day. This will be our data for a single
day. We shall continue this process for 10 consecutive days. At
the end of the experiment, we shall have 10 observations or data
points.
The time spent to cook meals each day can be considered as an
independent event as the time spent to cook meals on a
particular day is, in general, not affected by the time spent in
cooking meals on some other day. We expect the data to be
normally distributed with a mean and standard deviation of meal
cooking times. As with normal distributions, we expect the
distribution to resemble a bell-shaped curve. Arrival of guests
in the house can significantly increase the meal cooking times
and this can impart positive skewness in the data distribution.

2. Likewise, eating outs during the weekends can significantly
decrease the meal cooking times and this can impart negative
skewness in the data distribution.
At the end of the experiment, we shall be able to calculate the
experimental probability of spending a particular time in
cooking meals on a day.
We need to increase the number of days from 10 to about 30 to
35 in order for the data to provide a valid representation of the
time spent in cooking meals on a day. This is because 10 data
points makes too small a sample size for any valid
representation. We need to increase this sample size or the
number of days of collecting the data, in order to make any
valid inference based on the results of the experiment.
The assignment is to collect quantitative data for a minimum of
10 days from ONE of your daily activities. Some examples of
data collection include:
· The number of minutes you spend studying every day.
· The time it takes to cook meals each day.
· The amount of daily time spent talking on the phone.
· The amount of time you drive each day.
In a paper (1–3 pages), describe the data you are going to
collect and how you are going to keep track of the time. Within
the paper, incorporate the concepts we are learning in the
module including (but not limited to) probability theory,
independent and dependent variables, and theoretical and
experimental probability. Discuss your predictions of what you
anticipate the data to look like and events that can skew the
data. Collect data for at least 10 days. Do you think the data
will provide a valid representation of these activities? Explain
why or why not.
SLP is easier than the Case. You need to collect the data of
your choice for at least ten days. Show me the data and give a
brief description of it. In fact your description should reflect
your understanding. Going ahead you are going to use the same

3. data for other modules, so choose the variable wisely. If you are
collecting 4 days’ worth of data and the variable is everyday
driving time (in minutes) to work, it should look like this.
Day
Time(mins)
4/1
20
4/2
23
4/3
18
4/4
25
You have to collect 10 days’ worth of data, so you need to
extend the table above and insert the data values.
SLP Assignment Expectations
Answer all questions posted in the instructions. Use information
from the modular background readings and videos as well as
any good-quality resource you can find. Cite all sources in APA
style and include a reference list at the end of your paper.
Note about page length: Your ability to clearly articulate and
explain these concepts is being assessed. The page length is a
general guideline. A 3- or 4-page paper does not necessarily
guarantee a grade of “A.” An “A” paper would include detailed
information and explanations of all the assignment requirements
listed above. The letter grade will be based upon demonstrated
mastery of the content and ability to articulate and apply the
concepts in the assignment. Keep this in mind while writing
your paper.
Measure of Central Tendency
In the business world, the mean salary is often used to describe
the salaries of employees of a company. However, the median

4. salary may be a better measure of the salaries than the mean.
Which is the better measure of central tendency? Why? Review
and respond to the comments posted by your classmates offering
your insight on this topic.
Module 2 - SLP
Measures of Central Tendency
Using the data you collected in the Module 1 SLP, write a paper
(1–3 pages) including all of the following content:
· Calculate the mean, median, and mode of your collected data.
Show and explain your calculations.
· Are these numbers higher or lower than you expected?
Explain.
· Which of these measures of central tendency do you think
most accurately describes the variable you are looking at?
Provide your justification.
· Create a box plot to represent the data, labeling and
numerating all 5 points on the box plot. For the plot, you may
draw and insert it in your paper as a picture. Make sure it is
legible.
Submit your paper at the end of Module 2.
SLP Assignment Expectations
Answer all questions posted in the instructions. Use information
from the modular background readings and videos as well as
any good-quality resource you can find. Cite all sources in APA
style and include a reference list at the end of your paper.
Note about page length: Your ability to clearly articulate and
explain these concepts is being assessed. The page length is a
general guideline. A 3- or 4-page paper does not necessarily
guarantee a grade of “A.” An “A” paper would include detailed
information and explanations of all the assignment requirements
listed above. The letter grade will be based upon demonstrated
mastery of the content and ability to articulate and apply the
concepts in the assignment. Keep this in mind while writing
your paper.

5. Module 2 - Outcomes
Measures of Central Tendency
· Module
· Calculate the mean, median, and mode from a set of data.
· Choose the most appropriate measure of central tendency for a
particular set of data.
· Create and interpret information from a box plot.
· Case
· Calculate the mean, median, and mode from a set of data.
· Choose the most appropriate measure of central tendency for a
particular set of data.
· Create and interpret information from a box plot.
· SLP
· Calculate the mean, median, and mode from a set of data.
· Choose the most appropriate measure of central tendency for a
particular set of data.
· Create a box plot from a set of data.
· Discussion
· Explain the difference between the mean, median, and mode.
· Choose the most appropriate measure of central tendency for a
particular set of data.
Module 2 - Home
Measures of Central Tendency
Modular Learning Outcomes
Upon successful completion of this module, the student will be
able to satisfy the following outcomes:
· Case
· Calculate the mean, median, and mode from a set of data.
· Choose the most appropriate measure of central tendency for a
particular set of data.
· Create and interpret information from a box plot.
· SLP

6. · Calculate the mean, median, and mode from a set of data.
· Choose the most appropriate measure of central tendency for a
particular set of data.
· Create a box plot from a set of data.
· Discussion
· Explain the difference between the mean, median, and mode.
· Choose the most appropriate measure of central tendency for a
particular set of data.
Module Overview
We often use the term "average" without realizing that there are
three distinct averages that can be calculated. In this module,
we will examine and compare these averages of measures of
central tendency.
Problems need to include all required steps and answer(s) for
full credit. All answers need to be reduced to lowest terms
where possible.
Answer the following problems showing your work and
explaining (or analyzing) your results.
1. Describe the measures of central tendency. Under what
condition(s) should each one be used?
2. Last year, 12 employees from a computer company retired.
Their ages at retirement are listed below. First, create a stem
plot for the data. Next, find the mean retirement age. Round to
the nearest year.
55 77 64 77 69 63 62 64 85 64 56 59
3. A retail store manager kept track of the number of car
magazines sold each week over a 10-week period. The results
are shown below.
27 30 21 62 28 18 23 22 26 28
a. Find the mean, median, and mode of newspapers sold over the
10-week period.
b. Which measure(s) of central tendency best represent the
data?

7. c. Name any outliers.
4. Joe wants to pass his statistics class with at least a 75%. His
prior four test scores are 74%, 68%, 84% and 79%. What is the
minimum score he needs on the final exam to pass the class with
a 75% average?
5. Nancy participated in a summer reading program. The number
of books read by the 23 participants are as follows:
10 9 6 2 5 3 9 1 6 3 10 4 7 6 3
5 6 2 6 5 3 7 2
Number of books read
Frequency
1–2
3–4
5–6
7–8
9–10
a. Complete the frequency table.
b. Find the mean of the raw data.
c. Find the median of the raw data.
6. The chart below represents the number of inches of snow for
a seven-day period.
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
2
5
3

8. 10
0
4
2
a. Find the mean, median, and mode.
b. Which is the best measure of central tendency?
c. Remove Wednesday from the calculations. How does that
impact the three measures of central tendency?
d. Describe the effect outliers have on the measures of central
tendency.
7. A dealership sold 15 cars last month. The purchase price of
the cars, rounded to the nearest thousand, is represented in the
table.
Purchase price
Number of cars sold
$15,000
3
$20,000
4
$23,000
5
$25,000
2
$45,000
1
a. Find the mean and median of the data.
b. Which measure best represents the data? Use the results to
support your answer.
c. What is the outlier and how does it affect the data?
8. What do the letters represent on the box plot?
9. The test scores from a math final exam are as follows:
64 85 93 55 87 90 73 81 86 79
a. Create a box plot using the data.
b. Label the five points on the box plot and include numerical

9. answers from part "a."
10. Using the data and results from Question 9, answer the
following questions.
a. What is the median?
b. What is the range?
c. What is the interquartile range?
d. In a short paragraph, describe the data in the box plot.
Here are some tips to follow for Case2 and SLP2.
Case:
There are 10 questions and the Case is on central tendency.
Highlight your result and give brief description of your
understanding. For #10 (d), you have to draw a box plot as it is
given in #8. In MS Word you can go like insert >Shapes
>Rectangle to draw the box, insert> shapes>line for the lines on
both the sides and inside the box. You can write your data at the
bottom of the shape, use space bar while going from one point
to the other.
Mean: Mean is the sum of all the numbers divided by the total
amount of numbers.
Median: Median is the middle value of the given set of numbers.
To find out the median always arrange the numbers in ascending
or descending order. When there are odd amount of numbers
just pick the middle one and that’s the median. When there are
even amount of numbers median value is the average of the
middle two numbers. So find the middle pair of numbers and
divide by 2.
Mode: Mode is the number which appears most frequently.
To find out the mode again arrange the numbers in order. In that
way it will be easier for you to see which number appears the
most.
For a given data set there is always a single mean and median
value but there could be multiple modes.
Box plot: You need to find out the quartiles. If there are 10 data
values Q1 is the median of the 1st five and Q3 is the median of

10. last five data values. Q2 is the median itself.
SLP:
Present your table of data collected in SLP1, in SLP2 as well.
You need to calculate mean, median and mode of your own data
set that you have collected in SLP1. Write a brief paper
explaining the three measures and you need to draw a box plot
as well.
There are other expectations you need to work on and for details
check “Session Long Project Assignment Expectations”
Module2.
DQ:
Wanted to elaborate little facts on central tendency from
practical point of view and hope this will accelerate your
Discussion participation.
The mean, median and mode all are valid measures of central
tendency but on different circumstances one becomes more
appropriate to use than others even though the values describe
the central position within a data set.
To find out how many computers are manufactured per day, how
many movies are released per month or how many books are
published per year we use arithmetic mean. Average salary of a
group of employees like senior software developers or entry
level programmers, mean is the measurement. So to summarize,
arithmetic mean is used when there is a symmetric distribution
of data as it is susceptible to the influence of outliers.
Median is preferred when the data has comparatively very large
values and several values that occur frequently. For example
median house prices of a city or median salary of the employees
of a large company. In a city the house prices may vary from $
200,000 to $1,000,000.Same with the salary variation, from
janitor to CEO of the company.
Mode is used when the data is not numerical but categorical
having the values repeated over and over. For example which
toy is most popular during Christmas or which shop most people
go? So from realistic point of view mode is considered being
the most popular option or the most common category.

11. I hope this will expedite your assignment submission.
Module 2 - Background
Measures of Central Tendency
You can download the full, digital version of a statistics book
using the link below. (Version in PDF, on the left side)
Lane, D. M. (n.d.). Online Statistics Education: A multimedia
course of study. Retrieved from
http://onlinestatbook.com/2/index.html
Required Materials
Digital Readings
Read sections A–C from
Lane, D. M. (n.d.). Online Statistics Education: Graphing
distributions. Retrieved from
http://onlinestatbook.com/2/graphing_distributions/graphing_dis
tributions.html
Read sections A (parts 1–9) and B from
Lane, D. M. (n.d.). Online Statistics Education: Summarizing
distributions. Retrieved from
http://onlinestatbook.com/2/summarizing_distributions/summari
zing_distributions.html
Read section I (Distributions)
Lane, D. M., & Ziemer, H. (n.d.). Online Statistics Education:
Introduction. Retrieved from
http://onlinestatbook.com/2/introduction/introduction.html
Videos and Exercises
Using the websites below, watch the videos and complete the
practice exercises for the topics in BOLD:
Khan Academy. (2014). Descriptive statistics. Retrieved from
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/probability/descriptive-
statistics
· Measures of central tendency (6 videos, 4 practice exercises)
· Box-and-whisker plots (4 videos, 1 practice exercise)
Khan Academy. (2014).Statistical studies. Retrieved from

12. https://www.khanacademy.org/math/probability/statistical-
studies
· Categorical data (3 videos, 2 practice exercises)
Measures of Central Tendency