Introduction to measurement

1. Introduction
Introduction
to
to
Measuremen
Measuremen
t
t

2. Exploration
Exploration
 During the ancient
During the ancient
times, an
times, an
Egyptian
Egyptian
carpenter never
carpenter never
misplaced his
misplaced his
ruler because it
ruler because it
was attached to
was attached to
his body.
his body.

9. What you need to know
What you need to know
 First things first, you need to
First things first, you need to
understand the basics
understand the basics
 There are two systems of
There are two systems of
measurement
measurement
 US/Customary System which we use
US/Customary System which we use
here
here
 Then there is the metric system which
Then there is the metric system which
is used all over the world
is used all over the world

10. Measurement Systems
Measurement Systems
Two types of measurement systems.
Two types of measurement systems.
Standard (Customary)
Based on Whole Numbers and Fractional
part
Metric (International System)
Based on the number 10 (Power of 10)

11. Background
Background
Information
Information
 All
All countries have adopted the metric
countries have adopted the metric
system, including the United States.
system, including the United States.
However, in nearly all countries people
However, in nearly all countries people
still use
still use traditional units
traditional units.
.
 For a country to switch to metric is a
For a country to switch to metric is a
process that happens over time. Only 3
process that happens over time. Only 3
countries in the world, have
countries in the world, have not officially
not officially
adopted metric as their primary system
adopted metric as their primary system
of measuring.
of measuring.

12. Background
Background
Information
Information
Three countries have not officially adopted the International System of Units
as their primary or sole system of measurement: Liberia, Myanmar, and the
United States.
United States
Myanmar
(formly known
as Burma)
Liberia (Settled by
free-men and former
enslaved blacks after
America’s Civil war.

13. Measurement Basics
Measurement Basics
 Length: is the distance of something
Length: is the distance of something
measured
measured
 Volume/Capacity: how much something
Volume/Capacity: how much something
can hold ( generally liquid)
can hold ( generally liquid)
 Weight: how much something weighs
Weight: how much something weighs
 Mass: how much space something takes
Mass: how much space something takes
up
up

14. US/Customary System
US/Customary System
 The US/Customary system has
The US/Customary system has
many different units of measurement
many different units of measurement
 Each unit has a completely different
Each unit has a completely different
name
name
 They also have completely different
They also have completely different
conversion factors
conversion factors

15. Metric System
Metric System
The metric system has
The metric system has
base unit and many
base unit and many
different prefixes
different prefixes

16. Metric Units of
Metric Units of
Measurement
Measurement
 Meters: Measures length
Meters: Measures length
 Liters: Measures volume or capacity
Liters: Measures volume or capacity
 Grams: measures weight/mass
Grams: measures weight/mass

17. Units of Measurement
Units of Measurement
Volume
Volume
 US System
US System
 Cups
Cups
 Pints
Pints
 Quarts
Quarts
 Gallons
Gallons
 Fluid Ounces
Fluid Ounces
 Metric System
Metric System
 Liters
Liters

18. Units of Measurement
Units of Measurement
Length
Length
 US System
US System
 Inches
Inches
 Feet
Feet
 Yards
Yards
 Miles
Miles
 Metric
Metric
 Meters
Meters

19. Units of Measurement
Units of Measurement
Weight/Mass
Weight/Mass
 US System
US System
 Ounce
Ounce
 Pound
Pound
 Tons
Tons
 Metric
Metric
 Gram
Gram

20. Metric System Prefixes
Metric System Prefixes
 Mili- 1/1000, which means that
Mili- 1/1000, which means that
1000mm=1m
1000mm=1m
 Centi- 1/100, which means that
Centi- 1/100, which means that
100cg=1g
100cg=1g
 Deci- 1/10, which means that 10dl=1l
Deci- 1/10, which means that 10dl=1l
 Deka- 10, which means that 1dkm=10m
Deka- 10, which means that 1dkm=10m
 Hecto- 100, which means that 1hg=100g
Hecto- 100, which means that 1hg=100g
 Kilo- 1000, which means that 1kl=1000l
Kilo- 1000, which means that 1kl=1000l

21. Partial List of English
Partial List of English
measures about 1500
measures about 1500
ECE
ECE
 12 inches
12 inches = 1 foot
= 1 foot
 3 feet
3 feet = 1 yard
= 1 yard
 5 feet
5 feet = 1 pace
= 1 pace
 125 paces
125 paces = 1 furlong
= 1 furlong
 8 furlongs
8 furlongs = 1 mile
= 1 mile
 12 furlongs
12 furlongs = 1 league
= 1 league

22. Why Learn to
Why Learn to
Measure?
Measure?
Valuable skill for a
job
Valuable skill for hobbies
Valuable skill for everyday life

23. Background
Background
Information
Information
 Devices that can be used to measure.
Devices that can be used to measure.
 Ruler
Ruler
 Yard Stick
Yard Stick
 Meter Stick
Meter Stick
 Tape Measure
Tape Measure
 Protractor
Protractor
 Framing Square
Framing Square
 Architect and Engineering Scales
Architect and Engineering Scales

24. Example
Example
s
s

26. Calipers
Calipers
 Calipers
Calipers. Engineers and machinists
. Engineers and machinists
frequently use calipers to secure
frequently use calipers to secure
accurate measurements of inside
accurate measurements of inside
and outside diameters.
and outside diameters.

28. Feeler Gauges
Feeler Gauges
 Measure spark plug gap
Measure spark plug gap
 Head flatness
Head flatness
 Thrust distance in Crankshaft
Thrust distance in Crankshaft
 Ignition point gap (Old Vehicles)
Ignition point gap (Old Vehicles)

32. Micrometer ID
Micrometer ID

35. Micrometers
Micrometers
 Micrometers precisely measure
Micrometers precisely measure
different shapes of a component
different shapes of a component
 Outside micrometers
Outside micrometers
 Resembles a clamp to measure linear
Resembles a clamp to measure linear
distances
distances
 Proper use requires practice and studying
Proper use requires practice and studying
the markings of the instrument
the markings of the instrument

36. Telescopic Gauges
Telescopic Gauges
 Used with outside micrometers to
Used with outside micrometers to
measure inside diameters
measure inside diameters
 Various lengths and T-shaped
Various lengths and T-shaped
 Extensions are spring-loaded
Extensions are spring-loaded

37. Telescoping gages
Telescoping gages

38. Inside Micrometers
Inside Micrometers

39. Depth Micrometers
Depth Micrometers

40. Small Hole Gauges
Small Hole Gauges
 To measure small holes
To measure small holes
 Gauge is straight with a screw handle on
Gauge is straight with a screw handle on
one end and a split ball on other
one end and a split ball on other
 Handle is turned to expand ball
Handle is turned to expand ball
 Removed and measured with a micrometer
Removed and measured with a micrometer

41. Small Hole Gauges
Small Hole Gauges

42. Dial Indicators
Dial Indicators
 Dial Calipers
Dial Calipers
 For inside, outside, and depth
For inside, outside, and depth
measurements
measurements
 Manual scales or digital
Manual scales or digital
 USC can measure in 0.001 inch increments
USC can measure in 0.001 inch increments
 Metric can measure in 2-millimeter
Metric can measure in 2-millimeter
increments
increments

43. Dial Indicators
Dial Indicators
 Dial Indicators
Dial Indicators
 To check how far components can move
To check how far components can move
 Scale can be USC or metric
Scale can be USC or metric
 Face can be balanced or continuous
Face can be balanced or continuous
 To check runout or end play
To check runout or end play

45. Pressure and Vacuum
Pressure and Vacuum
Measurements
Measurements
 Pressure Gauges
Pressure Gauges
 Measure amount of pressure applied to a
Measure amount of pressure applied to a
closed, sealed system
closed, sealed system
 Fitted into pressure line with appropriate
Fitted into pressure line with appropriate
fittings
fittings

46. Pressure and Vacuum
Pressure and Vacuum
Measurements
Measurements
 Vacuum Gauges
Vacuum Gauges
 Mechanical gauge measures difference
Mechanical gauge measures difference
between atmospheric pressure and current
between atmospheric pressure and current
state of system
state of system