Animal model (diabetes)

1. Diabetes mellitus in
animal model

2. Diabetes mellitus is chronic disease
that is characterized by a relative or
absolute lack of I insulin
 Lead to hyper glycaemia
 Lead to the variety of complications
such as neuropathy ,nephropathy
retinopathy that increase the risk of
cardiovascular disease

3. There are different type of diabetes but
type 1 and type 2 are being used
 Type 1 diabetes is an auto immune
disease leading to the destruction of
insulin producing pancreatic beta cell
Type 1 diabetes diagnosed in children
and young adults
Type 2 diabetes is most common type of
diabetes.

4. It is associated with insulin resistance
Varity of drugs available to treat diabetes type
2
Type 2 diabetes divided into five classes
Production from the beta cell that reduce
hepatic glucose production

5.  Drugs that delay carbohydrate uptake in the
gut (e.g alpha –glucosidase),drugs that
improve insulin action.
 Specific models of type 1 and type 2
diabetes are discussed.
 use of knock-out and transgenic models in
diabetes.

6.  Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus are multifactorial
diseases in which a very complex genetic background with
environmental factors contributing to the disease development.
 Although there is much debate about the true value of using
animal models in the study of diabetes and the ability of
implementing an animal-derived therapeutic protocol into clinical
use, it must be admitted that experimental models are essential
tools for understanding the molecular basis
 “An animal model for biomedical research is one the same
phenomenon in humans or other species of animals” Diabetes
mellitus became known as a disease of pancreatic insufficiency
or failure since scientists (Minkowski in the 1880s and later
Banting and Best in the 1920s) modelled this condition in dogs
by removing part of or the entire pancreas.

7. •The non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse and bio
breeding (BB) rat are the two most commonly used
animals that spontaneously develop diseases with
similarities to human Type 1 diabetes .
Animal models of Diabetes type 1
•NOD (non-obese diabetic)
•mouse BB (bio breeding)

8. Chemical means of diabetes
streptozotocin (STZ) or alloxan. Due to their similarity in structure
to glucose
Streptozotocin is naturally occurring chemical used to produce
Type- 1 diabetes in animal model
and Type- 2 diabetes with multiple low doses.
glucose can compete with alloxan and STZ, and thus, fasting
animal.
Spontenous autoimmune type of models
NOD mice develop insulitis at around 3–4 weeks of age.
Non-obese diabetic or NOD mice, like the Biobreeding rat, are
used as an animal model for type 1 diabetes. Diabetes develops
in NOD mice as a result of insulitis, a leukocytic infiltrate of the
pancreatic islets. Onset of diabetes is associated with a moderate
glycosuria and a non-fasting hyperglycaemia

9. the BB or BBDP rat is an inbred laboratory rat strain that
spontaneously develops autoimmune Type 1
Diabetes. Two T1D susceptibility genes have been
identified in the BB rat. The susceptible MHC class II
RT1u haplotype on chromosome 20.
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and
the inability of the beta cell to sufficiently
compensate.Therefore, animal models of type 2 diabetes
tend to include models of insulin resistance and/or
models of beta cell failur.

10. •Ob/Ob mouse—monogenic model
of obesity (leptin deficient)
•db/db mouse—monogenic model o
• New Zealand obese mouse
Type 2 diabetes Mallitus animal
models

11. Obese models of type 2 diabetes
As type 2 diabetes is closely linked to obesity,
most of the current animal models of type 2
diabetes are obese. Obesity can be the result
of naturally occurring mutations or genetic
manipulation. Alternatively, obesity can be
induced by high fat feeding.
.