In this slide contains sample preparation in LC-MS and need of sample preparation. Presented by : P. Pavan kalyan. (Department of pharmaceutical analysis) RIPER, anantpur.

1. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 1
Presented by
P. PAVAN KALYAN
(Reg.No:20L81S0705)
Under the guidance of
Dr. P. Ramalingam, Ph.D
Director – R&D Division
Sample preparation in LC-MS
A Seminar as a part of curricular requirement for 1st year
M. Pharm 1st semester

2. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
• Introduction to LC-MS
• Samples analyse in LC-MS
• Need of sample preparation
• Sample preparation
1. Dilution
2. Protein precipitation
3. Phospholipid removal media
4. Liquid-liquid extraction
5. Support liquid extraction
6. AC extraction plate
7. Solid phase extraction
8. Online-SPE
• References
Contents

3. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
• It is the combination of liquid chromatography and the mass
spectroscopy.
• In LC-MS we are removing the detector from the column of LC and
fitting the column to interface of MS.
• In the most of the cases the interface used in LC-MS are ionization
source.
• LC-MS is the main method for detecting drugs and their major
metabolites in vivo.
Introduction to LC-MS

4. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 4
LC-MS/MS
Instrumentation

5. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
Samples analyzed in LC-MS

6. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
Three are main reasons,
• Prevent the damage of column by avoiding clogging
the chromatographic column.
• To improve chromatic performance.
• For long term stability of the LC-MS.
Need of sample preparation

7. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 7
Protocol Analyte
concentration
Relative complexity Relax matrix depletion
Dilution No Simple Less
Protein precipitation No Simple Least
Phospholipid removal No Relatively simple More
Liq-liq extraction Yes Complex More
Supported liquid extraction Yes Moderately complex More
Ac extraction plate Yes Relatively simple More
Solid-phase extraction Yes Complex More
Online SPE Yes Complex More
Types of Sample Preparation in LC-MS

8. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
• This dilution method also known as “dilute and shoot” methods.
• It involve the addition of purified water (or) the LC mobile phase
to sample prior to LC-MS/MS analysis.
• This technique is widely used for low protein matrices,
• This procedure is fast,
• It is simple and inexpensive.
Dilution

9. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 9
• Protein precipitation or “protein crash” is analogous to dilution
methods,
• But, is intended for high protein matrices, such as serum, plasma or
whole blood
• Precipitating agent, such as acetonitrile or methanol znso4.
• Then centrifuged or filtered to separate out the precipitated proteins
before the supernatant is injected into the LC-MS/MS system.
Protein precipitation (PPT)

10. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721

11. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
• Although 96-Well format plates for filtering protein
precipitates have been available commercially for many years.
• The post-precipitation supernatant flows through a bed packed
with moieties.
• Example – zirconia , silica
• These retain phospholipids .
Phospholipid removal media (PLR)

12. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 12

13. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
• Liquid-liquid extraction has been used in sample preparation work
flows for many years.
• It involves the partitioning of analyte (s) from an aqueous biofluid
into a water immiscible organic solvent based on polarity.
• Multi-step process is relatively labour intensive, requiring the
partitioning of analyte(s) into organic solvent, separation of the
organic and aqueous layer.
Liquid –liquid extraction (LLE)

14. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 14

15. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
• Supported liquid extraction is similar to LLE, but the partitioning of
analytes from biofluid passed through a particular bed.
• It composed of diatomaceous earth or synthetic particles.
• An immiscible organic solvent is then passed through media.
• This method offers many of sensitivity advantage of LLE while using
less labor intensive.
Support liquid extraction (SLE)

16. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721

17. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
• The AC Extraction plate is a “smart’ extraction consumable that
works on the same principles as SLE.
• The difference is that the ACP uses a polymer, which is coated
onto the plate wells, as the stationary phase.
• Then the solution is passed stationary phase.
• Then following a wash step.
• By eliminating the impurities- through process used in SLE or
SPE protocols, the ACP workflow is easily automated.
AC extraction plate

18. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
• Solid phase extraction uses a selective stationary phase or sorbent bed.
• The procedure is properly for concentration & clean up method.
• The sorbent bed available for extraction are NH2, C18,C8 sorbents
• The hole SPE include four steps,
1. Conditioning,
2. Loading,
3. Wash,
4. Elution
Solid phase extraction (SPE)

19. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 19

20. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
• Online SPE uses an LC trap column analogous to the SPE
cartridge or plate to capture the analyte while matrix
components flow to waste.
• Reversal of the flow then elutes the target analyte(s) directly on
to the analytical LC column.
• This approach minimizes hands and time, but requires a more
sophisticated LC set-up.
Online – SPE

21. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
1. C.Polson, P.Sarkar, B.Incledon, V. Raghuvaran and R.Grant,
‘’optimization of protein precipitation based upon effectiveness of
protein removal and ionization effect in liquid chromatography –
Tandem mass spectrometry’’,J.Chromatogr. B 785,23-275(2003)doi:
https://dol.org/10.1016/S15700232(02)00914-5
2. J.Carmichael and S.Brown, The impact of phospholipids and
phospholipid removal on bioanalytical method performance,
Biomed.chromatogr.30,710-720(2016). doi :
https://doi.org/10.1002/bmc.3686
3. R.E Majors, Supported liquid Extraction: The best-kept secret in sample
preparation, LCGC Europe 25, 430-435(2012).
References

22. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721