This presentation includes the structure of a story and various techniques to write a good one.It also has definitions of some important literary devices such as simile, metaphor, personification, alliteration and imagery, etc. It aims to teach the students about the accurate structure of a story and to use techniques to make it attractive

1. NARRATIVE WRITING
BY QURAT UL AIN

2. WHAT IS NARRATIVE WRITING?
• “So, what happened?” When someone asks you that, what do you say? You
respond by telling a story- when it happened, where it happened, how and why it
happened. This is what we call narration.
• Narrative writing tells a story about an event that happened.

3. PARTS OF A NARRATIVE
• BEGINNING
• BUILDUP
• CLIMAX/PROBLEM
• RESOLUTION
• CONCLUSION

4. BEGINNING
Introduce the characters and their relationships to each other
Tell about the setting i.e, location, time, etc
Answer at least 2 WH questions

5. BUILDUP
• Decide the theme and genre of your story
• Introduce the characters in detail
• Tell about what's going on in their lives or in that
particular scenario

6. CLIMAX
• Create a problem for the characters
• Make it dramatic
• Create dilemma

7. RESOLUTION
• Find ways to solve the problem
• Drag the story towards end

8. CONCLUSION
• Conclude your story with a happy ending, a question or a moral.
• It should be 3-4 sentences

9. STEPS INVOLVED IN WRITING A STORY
BRAINSTORMING IDEAS
DRAFTING
• Making mind-maps
• Making outline
• Choosing new words
• Writing relevant quotes
FINAL WRITING

10. CONFLICT
• Without a conflict, a story is incomplete.
• It's a literary device characterized by a struggle between two
opposing forces.

11. TYPES OF CONFLICT
• Person vs person
• Person vs self
• Person vs society
• Person vs nature
• Person vs technology

12. WHO'S TELLING THE STORY?
• First person (I, me)
• Third person (he, she, it)

13. USE OF 5W+H QUESTIONS
• Who
• Where
• When
• What
• Why
• how

14. USE OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE:
Imagery
• Imagery is a way of using language to paint a picture for the reader.
• smell, taste, touch, sight, and sound of the scene that the author is describing.
Simile
• Similes are a kind of descriptive English language device that compares two unlike things by using the word as or
like
• Cool as a cucumber
• Right as rain
• Lonely as a cloud
• Fit as a fiddle (in very good health)

15. Metaphor
• Whilst similes compare two things, metaphors create more of a direct and literal effect. Unlike simile, it does
not use the words like "as or like"
• The cat had eyes of moonlight.
• She's the sun on a cloudy day.
• The night is a shadow cast on the Earth.
Flashbacks
• Flashbacks are a language device that can be used within a plot to insert past events in order to provide
context to the current events of a narrative. Using flashbacks, writers allow their readers to gain insight into
character’s motivations and provide a background to a current predicament.
Alliteration
• Alliteration is when two or more words that start with the same sound are used repeatedly in a phrase or a
sentence. The repeated sound creates the alliteration, not the same letter. This is a form of repetition that
creates an eye-catching or memorable effect.

16. The bird sang sweetly.
Matthew met Michael at the Moor.
Tough talk.
Becky's a busy bee.
Personification
Personification is a language device where objects are given human characteristics including thoughts, feelings or
actions, are given to something non-human.
• The stars danced in the sky.
• Those flowers are begging for water in this hot weather.
• The sun is playing hide-and-seek today.
Hyperbole
Hyperbole is the name given to an exaggerated phrase.
The young boy was so hungry he could eat a horse.
Onomatopoeia
Onomatopoeia is much easier to use than it is to spell. This English language technique is a word that sounds like
the noise it’s describing.
For example:
Splash, drip, bang, crash

17. Oxymoron
An oxymoron is where two words that are typically not associated with
one another are used together.
For example:
The ending of the movie was bitter-sweet.

18. USE OF QUOTES
If opportunity doesn’t knock, build a door.
MILTON BERLE
It is never too late to be what you might have been.
GEORGE ELIOT
You make a living by what you get; you make a life by what you give.
WINSTON CHURCHILL
“The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today.”
― H. Jackson Brown
“Experience is the best teacher.”
― Penelope Douglas

19. • “The best gifts come from the heart, not the store.”
• ― Sarah Dessen
• “Life is like butter - when things cool down it can be reshaped”
• ― Alan Sheinwald,
• “Teachers can open the door, but you must enter it yourself.” —Chinese proverb
• “The beautiful thing about learning is that no one can take it away from you.” —B.B. King
• “You only live once, but if you do it right, once is enough.”
• ― Mae West
• “In three words I can sum up everything I've learned about life: it goes on.”
• ― Robert Frost
• “Everything you can imagine is real.”
• ― Pablo Picasso

20. TASK
• Write a story on this picture